角度无静差陀螺稳定光电探测平台设计与实现

应用于地面战车的高精度陀螺稳定和跟踪装置在开炮瞬间会受到强烈冲击,易造成陀螺损坏及平台翻台.针对此问题,选用抗冲击力强的光学速率陀螺作为敏感元件,并针对速率陀螺反馈加传统PID控制不能实现稳定角度无静差的问题,尝试了一种PⅡ2(比例 积分 二重积分)加前置滤波的校正形式,通过极点配置的方法设计了平台速度稳定环与位置指令环.在3 000gcm干扰力矩的作用下,动态误差为30",静态角误差为零.结果表明,采用PⅡ2的控制结构,提高了系统的稳定刚度和稳态精度.     

自抗扰控制在航空成像稳定平台上的应用

针对航空成像稳定平台工作过程中的扰动问题,本文提出采用自抗扰控制方法,对力矩波动、传感器误差等不确定因素,进行非线性的估计与动态补偿分析。该方法根据两轴直角速率陀螺平台的系统结构,导出控制系统回路的状态方程,采用跟踪-微分器安排过渡过程,非线性地观测含总扰的扩张状态变化,对反馈误差做开关式的饱和处理。由对设计系统的仿真,基于自抗扰控制模拟了航空成像稳定平台的视轴稳定与像移补偿,并对比其与PID控制在不同幅、频扰动下的跟踪效果,探讨其对不同扰动的适应能力。最后的正弦加扰的引导结果表明,自抗扰控制的影像定位精度较高,在系统受到白噪声与低频波动的干扰时,位置误差较PID控制提高了44.57%;而随输入信号与扰动频段的升高,自抗扰控制的优势有所下降。     

基于模糊-PID控制的小型机载摄影稳定平台

由于飞机振动、陀螺漂移、框架耦合等原因,机载摄影稳定平台设计与控制是一个复杂的过程,很难获得精确的控制模型.本小型机载摄影稳定平台采用微机械陀螺、直流伺服电机和减速器的三框架结构设计,改善了现有机载摄影稳定平台存在的结构笨重、适应性差等特点,同时将模糊-PID 混合算法应用于平台的稳定控制,当系统误差大的时候采用模糊控制,而当系统误差小时候,采用PID 控制,实现了两种控制算法的优势互补,经仿真和实测数据表明,其控制静态和动态性能都明显的好于传统的PID 控制,将稳定误差减小了±0.1°左右,得到了较为满意的稳定控制效果.     

惯性平台稳定回路多闭环串级控制

针对惯性平台稳定回路中采用速率陀螺构成单速度环伺服控制系统的不足,本文提出采用直流测速机为电机转速测量反馈元件构成数字速度内环,采用陀螺为载体转速测量元件构成数字稳定外环组成双速度闭环串级控制结构.在常规的跟踪系统PI控制方式中,实现了由电流环,速度环,稳定环构成的三闭环控制模式,并和电流环,单速度稳定环构成的双闭环控制方式进行比较.实验结果表明:在扰动频率较高环境下,采用单速度环即可获得较好的稳定精度.而采用双速度环提高了系统对低频的抑制能力,并且对摩擦等非线性因素有更好的抑制作用.     

基于MATLAB/Simulink的稳定平台控制算法仿真与分析

针对稳定跟踪平台控制系统实时性强、抗干扰能力强、鲁棒性好的要求,设计了一种串并联两级稳定跟踪平台,提出了一种模糊控制和传统PID控制相结合的模糊-PID控制算法,比较了针对微分的改进PID算法和基于模糊理论的PID控制算法,并给出了基于MATLAB/Simulink的实现方法和仿真.通过仿真表明,采用模糊-PID控制算法有更好的控制效果.     

机载多框架陀螺稳定平台速度稳定环设计

针对多框架陀螺稳定平台中谐振频率较低和摇摆台摇摆换向时跟踪误差曲线上出现尖峰问 题,提出了一种串联平方滞后超前校正环节和非线性加速度补偿措施,设计了平台速度稳定环。在摇摆台按幅值为o5,周期为6s的正弦规律运动条件下,稳定精度为8.3,满足指标要求,表明该速度稳定环在实际中是很有效的。     

机载光电陀螺稳定平台的伪微分反馈控制

为了克服外部干扰对机载光电陀螺稳定平台的影响,实现高稳定精度和隔离度,采用基于伪微分反馈的控制技术对系统的控制性能进行了研究.首先,介绍了伪微分反馈控制技术的基本结构,并对其进行了简化.从理论上分析了简化的伪微分反馈控制技术在控制结构和控制性能上较经典PI控制的优势;然后,提出采用试凑法对伪微分反馈控制器进行参数整定的整定策略;最后,以某型号机载光电陀螺稳定平台为研究对象,对伪微分反馈控制器和PI控制器在抗力矩扰动、隔离载机角速率扰动和控制对象模型摄动等方面进行了仿真对比实验.实验结果表明,在相同的闭环带宽情况下,采用简化的伪微分反馈控制器的机载光电陀螺稳定平台的阶跃响应具有更小的超调,更短的上升和调节时间.在陀螺噪声存在的情况下,该控制器能够有效地抑制力矩和载机的姿态扰动对系统性能的影响;并且对被控对象的模型摄动具有较强的鲁棒性.     

陀螺稳定平台速度环的一种神经网络自适应控制方法

提出一种利用神经网络的自学习特性,对陀螺稳定平台的速度环进行自 适应控制的方法。给出了采用自适应神经网络控制方法和采用传统频域校正控制方法的对比实验结果。实验结果表明,此种算法在应用中是很有效的。     

机载光电跟踪平台伺服系统自抗扰控制

摩擦非线性造成机载光电跟踪平台伺服系统低速不平稳性,增加了系统的稳态误差.常规PID控制难以满足光电跟踪平台高精度伺服系统的性能要求.采用一种新的二阶离散系统最速控制函数设计自抗扰控制器,将它作为机载光电跟踪平台伺服系统的位置环控制器.实验结果表明,当系统跟踪幅值为0.5°、频率为0.159 Hz的正弦输入信号时,在0...     

基于模糊PID控制的配料秤系统的实现

针对目前配料秤系统中采用传统PID控制的不足,提出了一种基于模糊PID控制的方法,将模糊控制技术与传统的PID控制技术结合起来,共同应用于实际系统的调节当中,误差较小时采用PID控制,误差较大时采用模糊PID控制,大大提高了系统抗外部干扰和适应内部参数变化的鲁棒性,有效地解决了系统运行中误差不稳定和动态特性不理想的问题.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。