高内相Pickering乳液荷载生物活性物质的构建

目的 构建稳定荷载生物活性物质的高内相Pickering乳液。方法 通过简单的反溶剂纳米沉淀法制备玉米醇溶蛋白/果胶复合颗粒,再通过均质乳化技术,成功构建荷载姜黄素的高内相Pickering乳液,研究在不同pH条件下该乳液体系的储藏稳定性、外观、粒径和流变学特性。结果 该荷载姜黄素的高内相Pickering乳液（油相占比高达80%）能稳定储藏两个月以上不变质,乳液粒径较小,基本在100~200 μm之间,其流变学行为表明该乳液具有较好的粘弹性和凝胶特性,并且随着pH值的降低,胶体颗粒的三相接触角越接近90°,乳液的凝胶性越强,乳液越稳定。结论 本方法制备简单,操作方法,成功的构建了荷载姜黄素的高内相Pickering乳液,为高内相Pickering乳液在食品、药品和化妆品等领域的应用提供了一个方向。     

南瓜籽分离蛋白颗粒稳定的高内相皮克林乳液的 制备及应用研究

为了得到一种性能优异的天然来源的颗粒稳定剂,以南瓜籽为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法制备了南瓜籽分离蛋白（PSPI）,利用反溶剂法制备了南瓜籽分离蛋白颗粒（PSPI Ps),并以PSPI Ps为稳定剂制备了高内相皮克林乳液（HIPPEs）。考察了水相PSPI Ps质量分数、油相体积分数和水相pH对HIPPEs微观结构、粒径和流变性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜以及激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对HIPPEs的界面结构进行了表征。另外,探究了HIPPEs的耐酸碱能力、常温储存稳定性、热稳定性和光稳定性。结果表明：制备的HIPPEs为O/W型微米级乳液;水相PSPI Ps质量分数在0.2%～2.0%范围时,随着PSPI Ps质量分数的增加,乳液液滴粒径显著减小,凝胶强度显著增加;油相体积分数在50%～84%范围时,随着油相体积分数的增加,乳液液滴粒径增加,而凝胶强度减小;水相pH在3～9范围时,随着水相pH的增加,乳液液滴粒径先增大后减小,凝胶强度先减小后增加;所制备的HIPPEs具有良好的耐酸碱能力、常温储存稳定性、热稳定性以及光照稳定性。综上,PSPI Ps是一种性能优异的高内向乳液稳定剂。     

一步法制备大豆不溶性肽-壳聚糖复合颗粒稳定的Pickering双重乳液及其表征

该研究探讨了大豆分离蛋白（SPI）酶解产生的水不溶性肽聚集体（SWIP）经过超声处理后与壳聚糖（CS）进行复合,所制备的复合胶体颗粒（SWIP-CS）作为乳化剂通过简单的一步均质法制备得到W/O/W型Pickering双重乳液,进一步研究了不同壳聚糖浓度与pH值对乳液外观、粒径、微观结构及流变特性的影响。结果表明,大豆水不溶性肽聚集体与壳聚糖之间通过氢键相互作用。在pH为3.0、3.8、4.0和5.0时,壳聚糖浓度为0.125%、0.25%和0.5%及油相分数50%时均能够制备稳定的Pickering双重乳液。壳聚糖浓度的增加使得乳液的粒径有着显著性的降低（30.6~23.9 μm）,且较高浓度（0.5%）时能够改善双重乳液的稳定性与凝胶特性。而随着pH从3.0增加到5.0,双重乳液液滴内部的小液滴数量逐渐减少,其稳定性与凝胶特性也在相应的降低。本研究为制备双重乳液提供了一种简便有效的策略,对于食品工业、化妆品与医药领域上的应用具有重要意义。     

大豆分离蛋白颗粒稳定的鲢鱼油Pickering乳液的制备及其性能表征

以鲢鱼鱼糜加工副产物鲢鱼油为油相,大豆分离蛋白（soy protein isolate,SPI）热聚集颗粒为稳定剂,构建SPI颗粒稳定的鲢鱼油Pickering 乳液体系,研究SPI 颗粒浓度（1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%）、油相体积分数（0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5）、离子强度（0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 mol/L）对Pickering 乳液的粒径、微观结构、流变特性、乳化特性、冻融稳定性等性能的影响。结果显示,SPI-鲢鱼油Pickering 乳液粒径呈多峰分布,当SPI 颗粒浓度增加,液滴粒径逐渐减小,乳化活性（emulsifying activity,EAI）逐渐降低;当SPI 颗粒浓度为2.5%时,乳化稳定性（emulsifying stability,ESI）最高,乳析指数（creaming index,CI）最低。当油相体积分数增高,液滴粒径变大,EAI 逐渐升高,ESI 逐渐降低;油相体积分数为0.3～0.5 时,冻融后的乳液CI 升高且伴有液态油析出。体系中加入氯化钠后,液滴粒径减小,粒度分布更加集中,液滴絮凝度升高,乳液稳定性增强;氯化钠浓度升高,粒径变大、EAI 先降低后升高,ESI 无明显差异。流变学特性分析表明,乳液的弹性模量大于黏性模量,乳液是以弹性为主的体系。结果表明,当SPI 颗粒浓度2.5%、鲢鱼油体积分数0.2及离子强度0.4 mol/L 时,SPI 颗粒稳定的鲢鱼油Pickering 乳液体系分布更加均匀,冻融稳定性更高。     

亚麻籽油浓度对WP/KGM协同稳定的类蛋黄酱稳定性影响

针对传统蛋黄酱的高胆固醇、高脂、高热量的问题，以乳清蛋白（whey protein,WP）和魔芋葡甘聚糖（Konjac glucomannan,KGM）代替蛋黄、以亚麻籽油为油相，制备无胆固醇、高ω-3不饱和脂肪酸的类蛋黄酱，并探究亚麻籽油浓度对类蛋黄酱外观、微观粒径与结构、堆叠性、挤出成型等物理稳定性及流变特性的影响。结果表明：随着油相浓度的增加，液滴粒径从30.8μm降低至17.1μm，且液滴的均一性增加；体系中液滴具有良好的分散性，微观结构观察显示液滴间无絮凝现象；油相浓度从40%增加到80%时，类蛋黄酱样品的流变特性从流体性质（40%时，G′G″），粘度、弹性模量与粘性模量均随着油相浓度的增加而增加，抵抗一定外力作用下形变及变形后恢复原状能力逐渐增强，堆叠性、挤出成型亦随油相浓度的增加而增加。综上，可通过调控类蛋黄酱中亚麻籽油的浓度，制备较低粘度、流动性强的类蛋黄酱（油浓度40%～60%）应用于流动性和分散性要求高的酱汁类调味品中，或制备较高粘度、堆叠性强的的类蛋黄酱（油浓度70%～80）应用于有成型、涂沫要求的调味...     

酸性热致大豆分离蛋白聚集体制备高冻融稳定性类蛋黄酱乳液

本文对酸性（pH 3.0）热致大豆分离蛋白聚集体（AHSPI）的平均粒径（Dh）、表面电位（ζ）、表面疏水性（H0）与溶解度进行了表征与测定,并用酸性（pH 3.0）天然大豆分离蛋白（ANSPI）、中性（pH 7.0）热致大豆分离蛋白聚集体（HSPI）作为对比分析,同时选用了AHSPI代替蛋黄制备高冻融稳定性的类蛋黄酱乳液,探讨了不同蛋白浓度对类蛋黄酱乳液的外观质地、微观结构、流变性质、DSC特性的影响。结果表明：AHSPI的平均粒径（204.67 nm）及H0（79418）均大于ANSPI与HSPI（pH 7.0）,但ζ电位绝对值（35.93 mV）小于ANSPI与HSPI（pH 7.0）,溶解度（89.47%）较HSPI（pH 7.0）更好。用AHSPI制备的类蛋黄酱乳液经过3次冻融循环保持稳定的最低浓度可达0.3 wt%,冻融前后乳液结构保持不变,只是乳液粒径的略微增大,流变性质表明类蛋黄酱乳液具有以弹性为主的凝胶网络结构,随着蛋白浓度的增大,油滴粒径逐渐减小,粘弹特性增强。DSC热分析表明：随着蛋白浓度的增加,类蛋黄酱乳液的结晶凝固点降低（-18→-28 ℃）,而蛋黄酱即使具有低于冷冻温度（-20 ℃）的结晶凝固点（-27.89 ℃）,仍发生了冻融破乳现象,类蛋黄酱乳液较好的界面稳定性赋予了其较好的冻融稳定性,为开发一类天然低胆固醇高冻融稳定性的酱类乳液提供了研究基础。     

两步乳化法改善蛋白基高内相乳液稳定性

本研究以天然牛血清白蛋白（BSA）为蛋白模型,针对其制备的蛋白基高内相乳液（HIPEs）稳定性差的问题,在对蛋白不改性的基础上,改变乳化方式即采用两步乳化法能产生显著的改善效果。先用高能均质方式（高速均质30000 r/min、超声、微射流）制备出油相（?）为0.2,体积平均粒径（d4,3）在17.60~0.425 μm范围内的初始乳液,即微乳滴;再用低能均质方式（高速均质13500 r/min）,以微乳滴为类Pickering稳定剂制备?为0.8的HIPEs。通过改变蛋白浓度和制备初始乳液的均质能量,制备了不同特性的HIPEs,并对初始乳液的界面蛋白吸附率（AP%）、粒径进行了表征,同时对HIPEs室温存储20 d前后的外观、微观结构和流变特征进行了观测。最后对初始乳液进行了去除游离蛋白的对比实验和HIPEs的热稳定性测试。结果显示蛋白浓度在1 wt%最合适,但即使低至0.1 wt%依然可以制备出倒置不流动的HIPEs。当微乳滴的d4,3在2.16 μm及以下时可以有效提升HIPEs的稳定性。研究表明,正是由于微乳滴的存在显著改善了HIPEs的储藏稳定性和热稳定性。     

离心法制备小麦醇溶蛋白/淀粉胶体颗粒稳定高内相Pickering乳液的性质及应用

可食用胶体颗粒稳定的水包油高内相Pickering 乳液（high internal phase Pickering emulsion,HIPEs）在食品领域有着广泛的应用。通过反溶剂法制备小麦醇溶蛋白/糊化淀粉胶体颗粒（gliadin/gelatinized starch colloidal particles,G/SCPs）,研究G/SCPs 的性质,并通过离心法制备G/SCPs 稳定的HIPEs。结果表明,糊化淀粉的加入使小麦醇溶蛋白的Zeta 电位绝对值增加、荧光强度下降、傅里叶变换红外光谱（Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR）的特征峰发生蓝移,说明G/SCPs 形成的过程中糊化淀粉成功包裹住小麦醇溶蛋白。研究离心力对乳液内相比例的影响,结果发现,在12 000×g 离心力下处理G/SCPs 稳定的预乳液获得油相分数高达75%的HIPEs。制得的HIPEs表现出剪切稀化的性质,在高温（95 ℃）、极端pH 值和较高离子强度下具有较高的稳定性和贮存稳定性。同时,HIPEs可作为可食用三维（three dimension,3D）打印材料,高分辨率地还原3D 打印选定的形状。     

小麦醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒稳定皮克林乳液的研究

目的 构建负载丁香酚的小麦醇溶蛋白/果胶纳米颗粒稳定皮克林乳液,提高丁香酚生物利用率。方法 通过反溶剂法制备复合纳米颗粒,以乳液粒径、乳析指数为指标,考察复合纳米颗粒对皮克林乳液稳定性影响;以抑菌率为指标,考察皮克林乳液中丁香酚的生物利用率。结果 当负载丁香酚的小麦醇溶蛋白/果胶纳米颗粒浓度达5.00%,油相比例在30%~60%,pH 3.0~9.0,盐离子浓度低于250 mmol/L,储藏时间60天以内时：皮克林乳液液滴颗粒分散,粒径在6~40 μm范围,且乳析指数低于20%,体系较为稳定。与此同时,当皮克林乳液最小抑菌浓度为1.00 mg/mL时,可有效抑制大肠杆菌的生长。结论 负载丁香酚的小麦醇溶蛋白/果胶纳米颗粒可在油水两相间形成界面膜以稳定皮克林乳液,其抑菌性能通过延长食品货架期的形式应用于食品保鲜领域中。     

基于玉米醇溶蛋白/没食子酸复合纳米颗粒提升玉米油Pickering乳液的氧化稳定性

以玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）和没食子酸（gallic acid，GA）为原料，通过反溶剂沉淀法制备玉米醇溶蛋白/没食子酸复合纳米颗粒（zein/gallic acid composite nanoparticles，ZGP），并利用ZGP作为稳定剂制备具有抗氧化能力的Pickering乳液。结果表明，ZGP呈现纳米级别且分散性良好，Zeta电位呈正值。Zein和GA主要通过氢键结合，通过X射线衍射结果证明了二者结合后呈现非定形结构。热力学分析证明Zein和GA之间的反应为自发放热反应，随着GA添加量增加，ZGP的表面疏水性逐渐下降，ZGP的热稳定性增强。此外，由ZGP稳定的Pickering乳液呈现剪切稀化现象，属于非牛顿流体，且储能模量（G’）高于损耗模量（G”）。在贮藏期间（50 ℃、20 d）初级氧化产物和次级氧化产物均随着GA添加量的增多而逐渐减少，说明由ZGP稳定的Pickering乳液具有一定的抗氧化能力，能在一定程度上抑制油脂氧化。     

Gliadin/amidated pectin core–shell nanoparticles for stabilisation of Pickering emulsion

Over the past decade, edible colloidal particle-stabilised Pickering emulsions have regained research interest. However, little information is available regarding the application of amidated pectin in stabilising Pickering emulsions. In this work, a ‘two-step’ method was used to synthesise gliadin/pectin composite colloidal particles. The effects of pectin type, particle ratio, particle amount and oil fraction on the formation and stability of the resulting Pickering emulsion were systematically investigated by particle size and microscopy. The results showed that the particles formed after the addition of amidated pectin could better stabilise the o/w Pickering emulsion with a concentration of 2%, lower than that of the gliadin colloid particles. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed the cross-sectional structure and the attachment of protein particles to the external interface. These results may provide reference for the selection of shell materials for Pickering colloidal particles (especially gliadin) in the future.     

Gelatin microgel-stabilized high internal phase emulsion for easy industrialization: Preparation,interfacial behavior and physical stability

This study mainly focused on the preparation and physical stability of easily industrialized gelatin microgel-stabilized high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) through different preparation conditions and its regulation mechanism. The droplet size of emulsion was smaller at higher dispersion speed (> 15,000 rpm) and time (> 60 s). The interfacial behavior results demonstrated that increasing gelatin concentration (0.1– 2.0 wt%) could promote its adsorption at the oil/water interface (π₁₀₈₀₀ increased from 12.12 to 19.96 mM/m), making more gelatin molecules participate in the formation of interface and continuous phase network structure. At a higher gelatin concentration (2.0 wt%), the obtained HIPE presented a smaller droplet size and higher viscosity, and exhibited good thermal stability (90 °C for 20 min) and storage stability. This work systematically analyzed the effect of preparation conditions on the formation and stability of HIPE stabilized by gelatin microgel, which could provide a beneficial and innovative reference for its industrial application and design.     

纳米SiO2改性4 种大分子材料的乳液制备及性质

为提高乳液稳定性,采用纳米SiO2改性明胶（gelatin,GE）、大豆分离蛋白、壳聚糖和阿拉伯胶（gum arabic,GA）制备茶油乳液。以乳化活性、乳化稳定性、离心稳定性、平均粒径、流变特性为考察指标,探究质量分数3.000%的纳米SiO2对4 种大分子材料复合乳液性质的影响,并对乳液的微观结构及油滴分布进行观察。结果表明,纳米SiO2能增强乳液稳定性,其中GE-纳米SiO2复合乳液综合性质最佳。添加纳米SiO2后乳化活性和乳化稳定性显著增加（P＜0.05）,离心稳定性降低68.444%。平均粒径为8.472 μm,乳液粒径最小且分布均匀,表面光滑呈球状。流变表现为典型的弱凝胶特性,稳定性良好。研究结果可为天然高分子和纳米SiO2乳液的制备和应用提供实践基础。     

Thermal treatment to form a complex surface layer of sodium caseinate and gum arabic on oil–water interfaces

This study reported an alternative approach to electrostatic interaction to generate a biopolymer complex surface layer on emulsion droplets. By increasing the temperature, a complex surface layer of sodium caseinate (CN) and gum arabic (GA) on emulsion droplets could be formed either through the adsorption of complexes formed in the solution or through direct complexation of CN and GA with the surface. Mixtures of CN and GA were heated at pH 7 and then used to form oil-in-water emulsions at high temperatures. Changes in the average particle size and the ζ-potential of the emulsions indicated that complexes of GA and CN adsorbed to the interface at temperatures above 60 °C. A thick complex surface layer was also observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The addition of GA or CN to emulsions made with CN or GA resulted in an apparent binding of GA or CN to the emulsion droplets that depended on the sequence of addition. This temperature-induced formation of a complex surface layer was considered to be due to hydrophobically driven complexation between CN and the protein fraction of GA. The formation of the complex surface layer was dependent on the concentration, the temperature, and the addition order of the second component. This finding may imply an alternative option for the formation of biopolymer multilayers or complex surface layers on colloidal particles.     

Stability and Oil Migration of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions Emulsified by Phase‐Separating Biopolymer Mixtures

Oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions with varying concentration of oil phase, medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT), were prepared using phase‐separating gum arabic (GA)/sugar beet pectin (SBP) mixture as an emulsifier. Stability of the emulsions including emulsion phase separation, droplet size change, and oil migration were investigated by means of visual observation, droplet size analysis, oil partition analysis, backscattering of light, and interfacial tension measurement. It was found that in the emulsions prepared with 4.0% GA/1.0% SBP, when the concentration of MCT was greater than 2.0%, emulsion phase separation was not observed and the emulsions were stable with droplet size unchanged during storage. This result proves the emulsification ability of phase‐separating biopolymer mixtures and their potential usage as emulsifiers to prepare O/W emulsion. However, when the concentration of MCT was equal or less than 2.0%, emulsion phase separation occurred after preparation resulting in an upper SBP‐rich phase and a lower GA‐rich phase. The droplet size increased in the upper phase whereas decreased slightly in the lower phase with time, compared to the freshly prepared emulsions. During storage, the oil droplets exhibited a complex migration process: first moving to the SBP‐rich phase, then to the GA‐rich phase and finally gathering at the interface between the two phases. The mechanisms of the emulsion stability and oil migration in the phase‐separated emulsions were discussed.     

超声波预处理对玉米醇溶蛋白结构及其Pickering乳液稳定性的影响

为探究超声波预处理在反溶剂法制备玉米醇溶纳米颗粒(zein nanoparticle,ZNP)过程中的作用,并将ZNP通过静电作用与亚麻籽胶(flaxseed gum,FSG)结合形成复合颗粒,探究其对Pickering乳液稳定性的影响,对不同超声波处理条件对ZNP的内源荧光性、二级结构、粒径和电位的影响进行分析。结果表明,超声波预处理玉米醇溶蛋白的乙醇水溶液,可以显著降低ZNP的平均粒径,并提高ZNP的电位绝对值。在较低超声功率密度(230 W/cm2)下,粒径随着处理时间延长而进一步减少,电位绝对值增加,即稳定性提升。但当超声功率密度增加至460 W/cm2时,ZNP的粒径开始缓慢增大,电位绝对值降低。将经超声波预处理的ZNP与FSG按质量比1∶1均质混合,通过表面疏水性分析发现:由超声波预处理的ZNP可以与更多的FSG结合,提高亲水性,分析其原因可能是ZNP表面电位升高,促进了更多FSG结合在ZNP的表面,有效地抵御乳液中液滴的聚集及破裂。通过对热稳定性的研究发现,超声波预处理可以显著提升Pickering乳液的稳定性。该研究结果可为超声波预处理在ZNP及Pickering乳液制备过程中的应用提供一定的基础依据,并为制备更高效、热稳定的Pickering粒子提供一种新型绿色的途径。     

Rheology,particle-size distribution,and stability of low-fat mayonnaise produced via double emulsions

In this study, the effects of the double emulsification method on the rheological properties, particle size, and stability of low-fat mayonnaise were studied. Different water-phase-to-oil ratios (2:8 and 4:6) of primary emulsions and different stabilizer types (sodium caseinate, xanthan gum, and lecithin-whey protein concentrate) were used to produce double-emulsified mayonnaise. As a control sample, mayonnaise was prepared conventionally. Sodium caseinate was found to be the most efficient stabilizer. In the presence of sodium caseinate, the stability and apparent viscosity of double-emulsified mayonnaise increased but their particle sizes decreased. It was found that flow behavior of double-emulsified and conventionally prepared mayonnaise could be described by the power law model. The double-emulsified mayonnaise samples were not different from the control samples in terms of stability and particle size. In addition, using the double emulsion method, it was possible to reduce the oil content of mayonnaise to 36.6%.     

改性淀粉基鲢鱼油皮克林乳液的制备及其理化特性研究

为提高鲢鱼鱼糜加工副产物-鲢鱼脂肪的利用率,以六种改性淀粉为固体颗粒、鲢鱼油为油相制备皮克林乳液,考察了淀粉种类、淀粉添加量(1%、2%、3%、4%、5%,w/w)、油水比(0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6,w/w)和离子强度(氯化钠浓度:0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 mol/L)对乳液的理化特性(粒径、Zeta电位、乳化特性、稳定性、流变特性、微观结构)的影响。结果表明,六种改性淀粉中,辛烯基琥珀酸玉米淀粉颗粒粒径最小(146.73 nm),接触角最大(71.5°),制备的皮克林乳液最稳定。油水比和淀粉添加量显著影响了乳液的理化特性,较高的油水比(0.5～0.6)和淀粉添加量(4%～5%)使乳液表现出凝胶特性,适量(0.3～0.5 mol/L)氯化钠的添加可促进乳液微絮凝,增强乳液稳定性。乳液CLSM观察微观结构发现,乳液液滴的粒径随淀粉添加量的增加而减小,在2%～5%淀粉添加量下可观察到油滴被淀粉颗粒完全包裹,形成了致密的界面膜。油水比、淀粉添加量和氯化钠浓度分别为0.5、4%和0.4 mol/L时,乳液性能较佳。本研究可为功能性乳液配料的制备及其在功能...     

不同壁材对大豆生物解离乳状液微胶囊品质的影响

为拓宽大豆生物解离乳状液的综合应用,有效解决破乳困难问题,本文采用喷雾干燥法制备大豆生物解离乳状液微胶囊,以乳液的乳化活性、乳化稳定性、粒径分布、流变学性质和喷雾干燥制得的微胶囊包埋率、热稳定性、表面微观结构为指标,研究5种复合壁材对大豆生物解离乳状液微胶囊品质的影响。结果表明,喷雾干燥前,CMC-MD为壁材的混合乳液的黏度最高,为39.18 mPa·s,且乳化性较好,粒径分布向较小粒径方向移动至0.6~2.0 μm。CMC-MD复合壁材制备的微胶囊包埋率最高,达到90.3%,热稳定性最好,结构变化起始温度最高,为98.3℃。扫描电镜图(SEM)显示不同壁材包埋的微胶囊呈现规则的球形或椭球形颗粒,颗粒直径有一定的差异,以CMC-MD为壁材的微胶囊大小均一,结构致密,具有良好的包埋结构,说明CMC-MD能够作为大豆生物解离乳状液微胶囊的壁材,制备出的微胶囊具有良好的包埋率、热稳定性及表面微观结构,对于生物解离乳状液加工应用领域的拓展和产业化的发展具有重大意义。     

玉米醇溶蛋白颗粒和海藻酸丙二醇酯制备的新型双层乳液的理化特性

采用逐层静电沉积技术(LBL)制备了由玉米醇溶蛋白颗粒(ZCP)和海藻酸丙二醇酯(PGA)共稳定的双层乳液,研究了不同浓度的PGA、PGA与ZCP在油滴表面的结合顺序对该双层乳液的表观特性、物理稳定性和微观结构的影响。结果表明:液滴呈均匀球体且在乳液中形成致密网络,PGA的加入改善了双层乳液的物理稳定性,随PGA浓度增加,双层乳液液滴的粒径逐渐减小,并形成网络结构,双层乳液稳定性逐渐增强;就添加顺序而言,PGA具有更好的乳化性,当PGA浓度升高到0.05%时,先加入PGA的双层乳液具有更小的液滴粒径。这种ZCP和PGA协同稳定的新型双层乳液具有良好的稳定性。