双刀盘铣削斜齿轮端面齿形分析

针对单刀盘铣齿端面齿形不均匀余量对后续齿面精加工的影响,提出一种双刀盘铣齿方法。使用空间包络理论建立双刀盘铣齿数学模型,推导双刀盘铣齿接触条件式,得到空间接触线,并根据螺旋面啮合原理得出端面齿形。利用渐开线齿廓性质,对端面齿形的法向偏差进行了求解,求取端面齿形法向偏差的分布形式,得到最大法向偏差。通过与单刀盘铣齿端面齿形进行比较,进一步验证双刀盘铣齿对端面齿形的优化,表明双刀盘铣齿可有效减小齿面法向偏差,改善齿面余量分布。     

等高齿弧齿锥齿轮的设计与加工试验

弧齿锥齿轮副的大、小轮通常用同样刀号的铣刀盘铣齿加工,铣齿时刀盘轴线垂直于根锥,导致大、小轮的齿面压力角在节锥上不一致,这是形成对角接触这种不良接触现象的根本原因。基于局部综合法与TCA技术,将弧齿锥齿轮的齿形采用等高齿设计,利用常规弧齿锥齿轮铣齿机,铣齿时刀盘轴线垂直于节锥,铣齿加工均采用0号刀盘,这样加工出的大、小轮齿面压力角在节锥上保持一致,从根本上消除对角接触这种不良接触状况。对以上内容进行了铣齿试验,结果显示,齿面接触区易于调整,齿面接触状况良好。该研究对于提高弧齿锥齿轮的齿面接触质量、提高齿轮副的加工效率具有显著的效果。     

基于整体刀盘的摆线齿端齿盘切齿加工

为了实现在国产数控锥齿轮铣齿机上加工摆线齿端齿盘,对摆线齿端齿盘的切齿加工原理和加工方法进行了研究.基于摆线齿端齿盘的结构特点,提出了采用整体刀盘加工摆线齿端齿盘的加工方法,并通过改变刀盘半径和刀刃圆弧半径对轮齿齿长曲率和齿高曲率进行了修正.基于摆线齿端齿盘的切齿加工原理,提出了加工摆线齿端齿盘的刀盘参数以及机床调整参数的计算方法,对摆线齿端齿盘进行了刀盘干涉检查.通过实际的切齿加工、齿形误差检测以及接触区着色检验,验证了在国产数控锥齿轮铣齿机上采用整体刀盘加工摆线齿端齿盘的加工原理和加工方法的正确性和可行性.     

双盘铣刀切齿加工及其应用

大模数圆柱齿轮的数控铣齿加工具有机床运动简单、加工效率高的优点。为了进一步提高大模数圆柱齿轮的粗铣加工效率,提出了一种基于双刀盘铣刀的高效铣齿粗加工方法。一方面,建立双刀盘铣削的齿槽余量数学模型,得到双、单刀盘铣削方式的齿廓余量与齿轮模数之间变化规律。另一方面,综合考虑双、单刀盘铣削方式的加工时间成本、刀具损耗成本和后续精加工的刀具损耗成本,建立两种铣削方式的铣削成本数学模型,分析铣削成本与齿轮模数之间的关系。最后,通过铣削加工实验、各轴受力和切削转矩实验等,验证了双刀盘铣齿加工方式可以有效地解决铣齿粗加工问题。     

弧齿线锥形齿轮啮合特性研究

为了改善误差敏感性和提高轮齿强度,采用双刀盘法将锥形齿轮加工成双凸型和双凹型。根据刀盘和被加工齿轮的啮合运动关系,推导出弧齿线锥形齿轮的齿面数学模型,根据啮合过程中两齿面的连续切触条件,建立了弧齿线锥形齿轮齿轮副的齿面接触分析模型。计算机仿真结果表明,双刀盘半径直接影响着齿轮副的接触椭圆大小和安装误差敏感性。     

知识窗

正双刀盘直齿锥齿轮铣齿机使用两把刀齿交错的铣刀盘,按展成法铣削同一齿槽中的左右两齿面,生产效率较高,适用于成批生产。由于铣刀盘与工件无齿长方向的相对运动,铣出的齿槽底部呈圆弧形,加工模数和齿宽均受到限制。这种机床也可配以自动上下料装置,实现单机自动化。直齿锥齿轮拉铣机是在一把大直径的拉铣刀盘的一转中,从实体轮坯上用成形法切出一个齿槽的机床。它是锥齿轮切削加工     

整体叶轮五轴侧铣刀位优化新算法与误差分析

为提高整体叶轮数控侧铣加工的精度和效率,分析厂锥形球头铣刀包络面与刀轴轨迹面之间的关系,提出了一种不可展直纹曲面五轴数控侧铣刀位优化的新算法.该算法首先利用两点偏置法确定圆柱刀初始刀位,然后通过刀轴旋转半锥角得到锥刀初始刀位,最后以刀具包络面与设计曲面间的极差最小为优化目标.采用刀轴上三点优化初始刀位.针对锥刀侧铣加工编程误差计算复杂问题,建立了一种编程误差计算新方法,并成功应用于整体叶轮的锥刀编程误差计算.通过数控加工仿真实例、实际加工试验和编程误差综合对比分析证明,所建立的刀位计算优化新算法正确有效,可显著减小编程误差.     

端面弧齿联轴节加工参数误差对齿面误差的影响

为了研究机床加工参数调整误差对端面弧齿联轴节齿面几何精度的影响,推导了含多个加工参数调整误差的端面弧齿通用偏差齿面方程;结合齿面偏差(描述偏差理论齿面对标准齿面的偏离)、节距偏差两个误差指标,构建出轮齿齿面几何误差分析模型。并辅以实例分析轮齿磨削加工时各参数调整误差对其节距偏差及齿面偏差的影响,绘制了关系图定量描述其影响。     

大型齿圈铣削表面质量研究

为提高大型齿圈铣削加工的齿面质量,对盘形铣刀铣齿加工进行实验研究。通过3因素3水平的正交试验分析铣齿参数（铣削转速、轴向进给速度、径向切深）对铣削力矩的影响规律;并以齿面粗糙度、硬度及残余应力为齿面质量指标,研究铣齿参数对各指标的影响规律。最终在选择的铣齿参数范围内,以齿面质量为指标,利用极差分析和方差分析确定了铣齿参数的最优组合。     

数控端铣弧齿锥齿轮的刀背与轮齿干涉避免方法

在五轴数控机床上端铣加工弧齿锥齿轮时,为了避免中凹盘铣刀背锥面与对侧齿面发生干涉,提出了基于刀具和齿轮结构的干涉避免方法。通过确定加工轨迹上刀背圆锥面最突出母线与对侧齿面的位置关系,保证刀具背锥面沿进给方向的法曲率小于对侧齿面法曲率,优化确定刀具边缘厚度和背锥角,实现了端铣齿面时刀背不干涉对侧齿面。最后,以一对弧齿锥齿轮副的小轮为例,通过比较虚拟加工模型和理论模型,验证了所提干涉避免方法的有效性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....