含球形分散相周围基体中的形变能密度及其对聚合物共混体脆韧转变的影响

从Goodier方程出发,研究了球形分散相周围基体中的形变能密度分布及其与分散相力学性能的关系,将所得结果结合前文给出的聚合物共混体的脆韧转变方程讨论了分散相的力学性能对聚合物共混体脆韧转变的影响,结果与实验一致。     

含球形分散相周围基体中的形变能密度及其对聚合物共混体 …

从Ｇｏｏｄｉｅｒ方程出发，研究了球形分散相周围基体中的形变能密度分布及其与分散相力学性能的关系。将所得结构结合前文给出的聚合物共混体的脆韧转变方程讨论了分散相的力学性能对聚合物昆体脆韧转变的影响。结果与实验一致。     

聚合物共混体脆韧转变的损伤竞争理论Ⅱ．基体性能对脆韧转变的影响

根据前文［１］提出的聚合物共混体脆韧转变（ＢＤＴ）的损伤竞争准数（Ｄａ）判据，研究了基体性能对ＢＤＴ的影响，并将聚合物的本征脆韧转变尺寸与Ｖｉｎｃｅｎｔ的σｂ～σｙ图进行了关联。在主要考虑测试温度对基体屈服应力影响的条件下，根据Ｄａ判据研究了ＢＤＴ的温度效应，首次推导了临界脆韧转变温度与临界分散相含量、临界粒径和临界粒间距的关系，实验结果证实了理论的合理性     

聚合物共混体脆韧转变的损伤竞争理论Ⅲ．分散相形态和界面粘接对脆韧转变的影响

应用前文提出的聚合物共混体脆韧转变（ＢＤＴ）的损伤竞争准数（Ｄａ）判据，研究了共混体分散相形态与界面粘接对ＢＤＴ的影响。由Ｄａ判据预示，在一定范围内，增加分散相含量，减小分散相粒径，减小粒子在基体中的聚集程度以及增大粒子的形状不规则性，皆有利于ＢＤＴ的发生。界面粘接强度的增加在一定范围内也能够使共混体的韧性增加。这些理论预示与实验结果相一致，从而表明Ｄａ判据能够反映分散相形态与界面粘接等多种因素对共混体损伤过程的影响规律，是聚合物共混体脆韧转变的控制参量。     

PA6/POE-g-MAH共混物在缺口冲击与缺口拉伸实验中的脆韧转变

用缺口冲击和缺口拉伸实验研究PA6/POE-g-MAH共混物的脆韧转变。结果显示,POE-g-MAH含量对共混物脆韧转变的影响主要是POE-g-MAH含量对裂尖局部应变速率的影响。在缺口冲击和缺口拉伸实验中,随着POE-g-MAH含量增加,裂尖附近参与变形的范围增大,导致局部应变速率降低。当局部应变速率降低至某临界值时,材料的断裂发生脆韧转变。在缺口拉伸实验中,随着拉伸速度增加,PA6/POE-g-MAH共混物发生脆韧转变的POE-g-MAH含量增加。这可能是拉伸速度与POE-g-MAH含量对PA6/POE-g-MAH共混物裂尖局部应变速率共同影响的结果。     

SMA含量对PA6/ABS共混体系结构和韧-脆转变温度的影响

研究了苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)含量(0～4.5phr)对PA6/ABS(75/25)共混体系结构和冲击断裂的影响。结果表明,PA6/ABS共混体系的橡胶相粒径和基体层厚度都随着SMA含量的增加而减小。PA6/ABS共混体系冲击断裂存在脆韧转变现象,其脆韧转变温度随SMA含量的增加先减小后增加,并且在对应SMA含量为0.9phr和1.5phr时取得极小值。同时,脆韧转变温度随着基体层厚度的增加而逐渐升高,即升高温度与降低基体层厚度都可以获得脆-韧转变。     

EPDM-g-SAN对EPDM/SAN共混体系形态及力学性能的影响

摘要：研究了接枝共聚物EPDM-g-SAN对EPDM／SAN共混体系的形态和力学性能的影响。扫描电镜和粒径统计分析发现,随着EPDM-g-SAN接枝共聚物的加入,共混体系EPDM分散相的粒径变小、粒径分布变窄,且共混物的缺口冲击强度明显提高,发生了脆韧转变;基体的塑性变形显著增加,表明接枝共聚物在不相容两相聚合物间起到了良好的增容作用。冲击断面扫描电镜分析证实了韧性增加的机理。     

HDPE/E-TMB共混物和HDPE/弹性体共混物的脆韧转变和断面形态

用材料力学性能测试方法和扫描电镜研究了HDPE/E-TMB共混物和HDPE/弹性体共混物的脆韧转变行为和冲击断面形态。结果表明,HDPE/E-TMB共混物的脆韧转变可在弹性体含量较低的情况下发生;弹性体含量相同时,HDPE/E-TMB共混物有更高的冲击强度和拉伸屈服应力;冲击强度相同时,HDPE/E-TMB共混物有更高的拉伸屈服应力和弯曲弹性模量。弹性体含量为8%的两种共混物的冲击断面形态属于不同的断裂机理,这种机理的不同揭示了HDPE/E-TMB共混物具有特殊的结构特征。     

CaCO3刚性粒子增韧HDPE的脆韧转变研究

研究了ＨＤＰＥ／ＣａＣＯ３增充体系中ＣａＣＯ３表面处理，粒径，含量及其体树脂分子量，结晶性与其材料缺口冲击强度，产生脆韧转变现象及其体晶态结构间的关系。结果表明，该共混体系中界面应力的应变诱导致结晶作用及其所引起的基体中伸展链晶体络结构的形态是该材料实现脆韧转变的重要原因。     

聚合物共混体脆韧转变的损伤竞争理论：Ⅲ.分散相形态和…

应用前文提出的聚合物共混体脆韧转变（ＢＤＴ）的损伤竞争准数（Ｄａ）判据，研究了共混体分散相形态与界面粘接对ＢＤＴ的影响。由Ｄａ判据预示，在一定范围内，增加分散相含量，减小分散相粒径，减小粒子在基体中的聚集程度以及增大粒子的形状不规则性，皆有利于ＢＤＴ的发生。界面粘接强度的增加在一定范围内也能够使共混体的韧性增加。这些理论预示与实验结果相一致，从而表明Ｄａ判据能够反映分散相形态与界面粘接等多种因素对     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.