含砷废水处理研究进展

含砷废水的传统处理方法如物理法和化学法的不足之处是费用高、二次污染大、工程化程度小。微生物法在含砷废水处理方面的研究取得了显著进展,研究成果已投人工程应用。作者全面介绍了各种微生物方法,着重论述了活性污泥法处理含砷废水的可行性及其主要的影响因素,认为活性污泥法对含砷废水的处理有着广阔的应用前景。     

生物法处理印染废水研究进展

印染废水的处理方法主要有物理化学法、化学法以及生物处理法,目前国内外仍以生物处理法为主.主要介绍了生物处理法如传统生物处理技术、微生物强化处理技术、固定化微生物技术及膜生物反应器处理技术近年来在处理印染废水方面的研究成果.     

利用好氧颗粒污泥处理含铅废水的概况及趋势

对于含铅废水的处理,目前在工业实际应用中普遍采用的处理方法有化学法和物理化学法两大类,但近几年来,生物法处理技术正在逐步兴起,已成为一个新兴的研究增长点.下面简单介绍下利用好氧颗粒污泥处理含铅废水的现状及发展趋势.     

国内外用H2O2处理含酚类废水研究进展

介绍了国内外用H2O2处理含酚类废水研究新进展.介绍的处理方法包括Fenton法、UV/Fenton法、超声(微波)/Fenton法等.介绍了处理条件、处理效果及有关问题.所介绍的研究和实验工作主要都是在实验室内进行的,尚未涉及工艺应用.     

偶氮染料废水处理研究进展

简要介绍偶氮废水的特性,概述了偶氮染料废水治理方法,着重介绍吸附法、生化法、化学法,总结了偶氮染料废水研究热点及发展趋势.     

制药废水处理技术研究进展

介绍了发酵类、化学合成类、提取类、中药类、生物工程类和混装制剂类6类制药废水的产生过程、主要污染指标、水质特点以及对环境和人类的危害,归纳总结了应用物理法、化学法、生化法、物化法处理制药废水的具体技术方法、组合工艺以及工艺原理、技术特点、处理效果及其适用条件,分析讨论了目前国内外在制药废水处理方面的研究重点及研究成果的应用情况,指出了制药废水处理技术目前存在的问题,提出物化方法、高级氧化技术与生物处理相结合是未来高含量制药废水研究领域的发展方向。     

含油废水处理方法概述

文章阐述了含油废水的特点从物化法、化学法、生物法三个方面介绍了含油废水的处理方法,最后,展望了先关发展趋势,为含油废水的处理提供一定的技术参考。     

电镀污水中有机污染物去除工艺初探

电镀废水中的有机污染物来源主要有3个方面:镀前处理、电镀过程和镀后处理。介绍了污水中有机污染物的3种去除方法:生化法、微波化学法和物化法。通过对3种处理方法的效果比较得出,微波化学法效果最好,物化法次之,生化法最差。但就成本而言,物化法最低。     

功率超声在有机废水处理中的应用

功率超声技术在有机污染物废水处理中应用是一种新型技术。本文介绍了功率超声技术在声化学法、电解氧化法和光化学法处理有机污染物废水中应用的作用原理和研究状况。     

阳离子染料废水处理技术研究进展

阳离子染料于1855年问世,发展至今应用广泛,但阳离子染料废水排放过程中,会对环境及人体造成危害,因此处理阳离子染料废水逐渐受到各界关注。总结了处理阳离子染料废水的几种方法,包括物理法、化学法和生物法,对3种处理方法对比,表明生物法处理阳离子染料废水是一种绿色、高效、环保的方法,阐述了生物法处理阳离子染料废水的主要类型、研究现状和脱色机理,在此基础上,对当前处理阳离子染料废水的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.