四足机器人被动跳跃步态动力学分析与仿真

在四足机器人被动跳跃步态分析模型的基础上,采用拉格朗日法推导了该步态中各运动相的动力学方程,并根据跳跃步态特征给出了基于事件的运动相转换方程。定义了四足机器人被动跳跃步态的庞加莱映射,利用牛顿迭代法获得了庞加莱映射的某个固定点。在MATLAB中以该固定点为初始条件对各运动相动力学方程进行了数值积分,得到了被动跳跃步态的周期性运动曲线,证明了四足机器人在某个初始条件下能够实现稳定的被动跳跃步态。
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含有关节型腿的四足机器人跳跃步态研究

建立了具有非线性刚度的关节型腿的质量-弹簧倒立摆模型,根据拉格朗日方程建立该倒立摆的运动方程,给出了倒立摆在跳跃运动周期中各运动相的转换条件,通过数值计算证明了倒立摆能够实现稳定的跳跃运动;建立了四足机器人跳跃步态的分析模型,通过数值方法构建了跳跃步态的庞加莱映射,通过牛顿迭代法寻找不动点,数值计算证明了四足机器人以某不动点为初始条件能够实现稳定的跳跃步态.     

主动腰部四足机器人控制系统与跳跃步态研究

四足动物在快速奔跑中会采用跳跃步态,而跳跃步态中腰部的伸缩运动又对速度的提升具有重大影响。针对跳跃步态中腰部摆动对速度的影响,设计了带有腰部主动关节的小型四足机器人,采用了舵机作为髋关节主动驱动器和弹簧作为膝关节被动驱动器,使腿部具有一个主动自由度和一个被动自由度。以STM32芯片为中央处理器设计了包括复位、通信和舵机驱动等功能模块的控制系统。通过软件设计,在实验中实现了四足机器人跳跃步态下的稳定运动和较好的仿生运动现象,验证了控制系统的有效性,观察到了腰部主动关节对四足机器人跳跃运动中的速度影响作用。     

液压四足机器人单腿竖直跳跃步态规划

针对机器人跳跃运动落地时冲击力大的问题,面向竖直跳跃运动,以液压四足机器人单腿为研究对象,建立液压驱动四足机器人单腿运动学模型,并分别对机器人单腿处于起跳相、落地相和腾空相时进行轨迹规划;根据关节参数,通过运动学逆解求得驱动函数,利用仿真软件ADAMS进行竖直跳跃步态仿真;搭建单腿实验平台,进行实验验证,依据得到的动态特性,分析步态规划的准确性及合理性,为后续液压四足机器人动步态的研究提供设计和控制依据。     

圆弧足被动行走机器人动力学参数影响研究

被动行走机器人运动特性主要取决于动力学参数的选择。为研究参数变化对机器人步态的影响,以圆弧足被动行走机器人为研究对象,利用拉格朗日方法建立动力学方程并进行了数值仿真。借助分岔理论研究了圆弧足半径、质心位置、转动惯量和斜坡倾角对机器人稳定步态的影响。采用正交扰动向量法求解被动行走机器人这种非光滑系统的李雅普诺夫指数,对分岔动力学进行了验证。结果表明：随着质心位置、转动惯量和斜坡倾角增大,机器人步态出现倍周期分岔现象,当圆弧足半径在特定区间内增大时机器人仍保持周期一步态,但足半径过度增大会导致步态失稳;另外,双参数研究中对圆弧足半径和质心位置联合作用下机器人稳定参数区间变化进行了分析,并且发现机器人步态呈现出逆倍周期分岔现象。该研究结果为未来双足步行机器人的优化设计和主动控制提供了重要参考。     

基于空间算子代数理论的被动步行机器人局部稳定性分析

为了方便实现机器人稳定控制,利用空间算子代数理论构建了该被动步行机器人稳定性分析中的庞加莱映射函数,推导了其摆动相态和碰撞相态的动力学方程。利用数值分析的方法求解映射函数的稳定不动点,分析了该被动模型的局部稳定性。结果表明,空间算子代数理论在被动步行机器人稳定性分析中能有效快速地建立庞加莱映射函数,避免了拉格朗日力学在建模过程中求解偏导数的复杂计算;同时,局部稳定性分析中得知,该被动步行机器人只有在"稳定"不动点的时候才具备周期稳定步态,否则,会出现周期分岔现象。     

四足机器人翻滚运动力学分析及仿真

设计了一种具有分段身体结构的四足机器人,通过合理设置身体各部分的协同运动,该四足机器人能够将身体折叠成圆盘状,能以静步态、对角步态进行四足行走,同时还能实现前向翻滚运动。分析了四足机器人调整重心,实现翻滚过程的力学过程。ADAMS动力学仿真的结果表明,此滚动运动模式运动平稳,具有较高的运动效率。     

四足机器人轨迹规划及移动能耗分析

步行机器人移动能效率研究有重要意义。针对四足机器人对角小跑步态,对比分析了三种不同足端轨迹的移动能效率问题。将四足机器人的对角小跑步态周期分为摆动相和支撑相,采用D-H坐标法和反变换法进行了腿机构运动学正逆解分析。基于刚体动力学的质心运动定理分析足端接触模型,考虑动态步行中足端与地面间的接触,曲雅可比矩阵建立步行中足端接触力与关节驱动力矩的映射关系,并基于拉格朗日动力学建模法对四足机器人摆动相和支撑相分别进行动力学建模。规划了三种不同足端轨迹,分别为摆线函数、正弦函数和直线函数,对比分析了三种足端轨迹下的运动学和动力学特性。进行完整对角小跑步态周期的能量消耗分析,以移动能耗率为评价指标,对比分析三种足端轨迹的能量消耗,研究四足机器人步高、步距、关节起始角等步态参数对移动能量消耗的影响,为四足机器人的参数优化和轨迹规划提供理论依据。     

基于舞台表演用海龟机器人四足协调步态规划

在所创作的机器人戏剧中,海龟机器人扮演着重要的角色,而四足协调步态是其完成舞台表演的关键。通过深入观测实际海龟的运动情况,分析其步态特点并总结运动规律,从仿生学的角度提出了基于生物启发的四足协调步态规划方法;推导了单腿的解析逆运动学方程,将腿部末端的运动轨迹转换为各关节的运动轨迹,为各关节的伺服控制器提供期望值;开发了基于Webots的动力学仿真系统,对所提出的方法进行了验证。最后,在所研制的海龟机器人样机上开展了四足协调步态的实验,结果进一步表明了所提方法的有效性。     

液压驱动六足跳跃机器人仿真分析

介绍了一种液压驱动跳跃六足机器人的模型,分别进行了该机器人侧面双腿和正面双腿竖直跳跃运动学分析与动力学分析。采用D-H法,提出了一种液压驱动六足跳跃机器人模型,并建立了其着地和腾空两阶段的运动学分析模型;采用拉格朗日方程分析其动力学,得到了该机器人结构在运动过程中各关节的输出力矩特性。最后基于Adams软件对双腿跳跃六足机构和其质心轨迹进行了仿真,分析了其跃障能力,优化了两种跳跃方式的跳跃倾角,并比较了这两种跳跃方式效率,仿真结果验证了六足机构的运动平稳性,较好的越障能力,侧腿跳效率更优,获得侧面和正面双腿跳跃的最佳倾角,为后续研究工作提供了理论支撑。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...