光动力治疗386例儿童鲜红斑痣的护理体会

目的：介绍386例儿童鲜红斑痣进行光动力围治疗期的护理体会。方法：鲜红斑痣患儿386例,在避光条件下静脉推注PsD -007后局部照射铜蒸气激光15至30min ,在围治疗期对患儿提供人性化,综合性的护理。结果：全部病例在经过2至3个疗程治疗后,均取得满意效果。讨论：儿童鲜红斑痣在围治疗期护士为患儿提供人性化,综合性的护理可以很好的消除患儿紧张、恐惧的心理,正确的进行疼痛的护理,可以大大提高治疗效果,减少并发症的发生。     

不同冲管溶液对预防PICC置管期间血栓性静脉炎的效果研究

目的：探讨肝素稀释液在预防PICC置管期间血栓性静脉炎的效果。方法：选择2006-2009年期间,在我科行PICC置管,排除凝血功能障碍及血液系统疾病的患者128例,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组64例,在输液前后抽取肝素稀释液（浓度为10u/ml）5ml至10ml行冲管和正压封管,输液间歇期,用同样肝素稀释液5ml至10ml行冲管和正压封管,每周2次。对照组64例只用0.9%NS冲管和正压封管,方法与实验组相同。观察2组病人置管后1个月内发生静脉炎的临床表现、血浆钎维蛋白原（FIB）值的变化,并对有典型临床症状患者分别进行血液D-二聚体值及彩色多普勒超声检查。结果：对照组有明显静脉炎表现者13例,实验组6例,通过血D二聚体值测定和彩色多普勒超声检查显示,对照组13例患者中,9例患者符合血栓性静脉炎诊断标准,4例为非血栓性静脉炎,实验组的6例患者中,均不符合血栓性静脉炎诊断标准,血浆钎维蛋白原（FIB）值的变化,两组患者有显著差异。结论;用低浓度肝素稀释液冲管和封管,对排除凝血功能障碍及血液系统疾病的患者,可有效预防PICC置管期间血栓性静脉炎的发生。     

PICC置管术在胃肠道肿瘤中的应用及护理

目的：探讨PICC置管术在胃肠道肿瘤术后肠外营养支持及化疗中的应用及护理。方法：2010年12月-2011年3月为78例胃肠肿瘤患者实施PICC置管术,给予肠外营养及化疗。结果：78例中成功73例,失败5例,置管成功率93.6%,留置平均时间12d。术后行肠外营养支持及化疗,保证胃肠道肿瘤患者营养支持及化疗顺利完成。结...     

改良塞丁格技术在儿童PICC 置管中的应用

目的 探讨改良塞丁格技术在儿童PICC 置管中的临床应用效果.方法 将60 例行PICC 置管的患儿采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各30 例.观察组使用改良塞丁格技术行PICC 置管,对照组按传统方法行PICC 置管.观察并比较两组1 次穿刺成功率、1 次置管成功率、静脉炎发生率、留置位置以及贵要静脉置管率.结果 观察组1 次穿刺成功率、1 次置管成功率明显高于对照组,静脉炎发生率明显低于对照组,留置位置和选择的血管条件明显优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论 应用改良塞丁格穿刺技术,提高了儿童PICC 置管成功率,减少并发症并提高了导管留置质量.     

胃肠恶性肿瘤患者置入PICC导管相关并发症原因探讨与护理干预

目的:探讨胃肠恶性肿瘤患者PICC置管并发症发生的原因分析及护理干预措施.方法:研究190例胃肠恶性肿瘤患者置入PICC导管后导管相关并发症发生的原因、护理干预的措施.结果:190例患者置管后有17例发生了导管相关并发症,经过及时正确的护理干预,预防或者减少了并发症发展.结论:胃肠恶性肿瘤患者PICC置管的并发症可以通过护理的手段进行干预.     

喜疗妥霜剂在预防化疗性静脉炎中的应用

1　资料与方法选择住院化疗病人 68例 ,其中男性 3 7例 ,女性 3 1例。年龄 19～ 63岁 ,平均 4 1 5± 3 8岁。为了避免个体差异对实验结果的影响 ,我们规定左手为实验组 ,右手为对照组。两组在输入化疗药物前均用生理盐水建立静脉通道 ,化疗后用生理盐水 2 5 0ｍｌ冲管。左、右手轮流行静脉穿刺 ,左手在静脉穿刺成功后 ,将喜疗妥霜剂沿血管走向均匀涂抹长约 15ｃｍ ,右手不做特别处理。每组观察一疗程 ( 5次 )后统计实验结果。统计学结果采用ｘ2 检验。2　结果与讨论化疗性静脉炎主要表现为血管无痛性发红、触痛、疼痛发热、血管发黑、变硬…     

静脉留置针在化疗病人中的应用

现阶段对于大多数肿瘤病人而言化疗仍然是一种重要的治疗手段 ,但是化疗药物对血管 ,组织损伤较大〔1〕。本文观察了 3 0例乳腺癌病人在化疗期间应用静脉留置针时静脉炎及药物外渗外漏的发生情况。1　资料与方法1 1　资料 :选择我院 1998年 8月至 1999年 6月期间住院的乳腺癌病人 60例 ,其中男性 3例 ,女性 5 7例。年龄 2 6～ 5 7岁 ,平均 4 2± 3 5岁 ,所有病人均采用ＣＡＦ方案化疗 (ＣＴＸ、ＡＤＭ及 5 Ｆｕ)。将 60例病人随机分成甲、乙两组 ,每组 3 0例。1 2　方法 :1 2 1　甲组采用美国Ｂ -Ｄ公司Ｙ型或直型 (商品为ＩＮＴ ＭＡ)静…     

慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎局部免疫调节治疗的护理

目的：对慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎（chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis,CLT）局部免疫调节治疗的护理进行总结;方法：对我院收治的124例应用地塞米松进行局部免疫调节治疗的CLT患者的护理进行总结;结果：124例CLT患者均在常规口服药物治疗的同时给予甲状腺注射地塞米松进行局部免疫调节治疗,通过心理护理及细致、准确和针对性的临床护理,治疗1至2个疗程后（每周注射1次,8次为1疗程）,显效78例（62.90%）,有效42例（33.87%）、无效4例（3.23%）,总有效率为96.77%;结论：CLT患者应用地塞米松进行局部免疫调节治疗,结合心理护理及细致、准确和针对性的临床护理,疗效显著。     

West综合征致痫灶切除加部分胼胝体切开术围手术期护理管理

临床资料本组5例患儿均经视频脑电图及影像学检查确诊为West综合征,其中男2例,女3例;年龄1至3岁,平均2岁.发病年龄全部病例起病均在1岁以内,最小2个月,最大8个月.屈曲型4例,混合性发作1例;精神运动方面多数发育迟滞4例.手术方法:5例患儿均行了致痫灶切除加部分胼胝体切开术加MST. 护理 1 术前护理 1.1建立良好护患关系 取得患儿及家属对护理人员的信任是作好护理工作的关键[5].首先要建立良好的第一印象,护理人员主动向患儿及其家属进行自我介绍,并记住患儿的姓名,选择恰当的称呼,做好入院宣教,了解患儿需求;规范护理行为,因人而异对患儿实施有效护理;密切观察病情变化并及时处理,使患儿及家属有信任感、安全感,帮助患儿及家属减轻压力,使其能以积极主动的心态接受治疗.     

低强度激光联合紫外线局部照射治疗化疗性静脉炎的临床观察

目的；为探讨低强度激光联合紫外线局部照射治疗化疗性静脉炎的临床疗效。方法：我们选择了40例化疗性静脉炎患者，其中男性32例，女性8例，年龄32～64岁，随机分成两组即低强度激光 紫外线照射治疗组和硫酸镁湿敷对照组，并对比研究治疗与对照组的临床疗效。结果：低强度激光 紫外线照射治疗组20例患者有效18例，占90%，无效2例，占10%，而对照组20例患进行中，有效9例，占45%，且低强度激光 紫外线照射明显缩短治疗所需时间，4～6天即可，而对照组则需8～10天。结论：低强度激光 紫外线照射不仅能提高治疗化疗性静脉炎的有效率，而且缩短其治疗有效所需时间，为化疗性静脉炎临床防治提供了一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.