带两个参数的三角多项式曲线曲面构造

目的 为了使扩展的曲线曲面保留传统Bézier方法以及B样条方法良好性质的同时,具备保形性、形状可调性、高阶连续性以及广泛的应用性,本文在拟扩展切比雪夫空间利用开花的性质构造了一组最优规范全正基,并利用该基进行曲线曲面构造。方法 首先构造一组最优规范全正基,并给出该基生成的拟三次TC-Bézier曲线的割角算法;接着利用最优规范全正基的线性组合构造拟三次均匀TC-B样条基,根据曲线的性质假设拟三次均匀B样条基函数具有规范性和C²连续性,进而得到其表达式;然后证明拟三次均匀TC-B样条基具有全正性和高阶连续性;最后定义拟三次均匀TC-B样条曲线曲面,并证明曲线曲面的性质,给出曲线表示整圆和旋转曲面的表示方法,设计出球面和旋转曲面的直接生成方法。结果 实验表明,本文在拟扩展切比雪夫空间构造的具有全正性曲线曲面,不仅能够灵活地进行形状调整,而且具有高阶连续性、保形性。结论 本文在三角函数空间利用两个形状参数进行曲线曲面构造,大量的分析以及案例说明本文构造的曲线曲面不仅保留了传统的Bézier方法以及B样条方法的良好性质,而且具备保形性、形状可调性、高阶连续性以及广泛的应用性,适合用于曲线曲面设计。     

高阶连续的形状可调三角多项式曲线曲面

目的目前使用的B样条曲线曲面存在着高连续阶与高局部调整性两者无法兼而有之的不足,且B样条曲线曲面的形状被控制顶点和节点向量唯一确定,这些因素影响着B样条方法的几何设计效果与方便性。本文旨在克服这种局限,以期构造具有高次B样条方法的高连续阶,低次B样条方法的高局部调整性,以及有理B样条方法权因子决定的形状调整性的曲线曲面。方法在三角函数空间上构造了一组含参数的调配函数,进而定义具有与3次B样条曲线曲面相同结构的新曲线与张量积曲面。结果新曲线曲面继承了B样条方法的凸包性、对称性、几何不变性等诸多性质。不同的是,同样是基于4点分段,3次均匀B样条曲线C2连续,而对于等距节点,在一般情况下,新曲线C5连续,当参数取特殊值时可达C7连续。新曲线在C5连续的情况下存在1个形状参数,能较好地调整曲线的形状同时又无须改变控制顶点。另外,将形状参数设为特定值,新曲线可以自动插值给定点列。新曲面具有与新曲线相应的优点。结论在强局部性下实现高阶连续性的形状可调分段组合曲线曲面,为高阶光滑曲线曲面的设计提供了可能,并且新曲线实现了逼近与插值的统一表示,能较好地应用于工程实际。调配函数的构造方法具有一般性,可用相同方式构造其他具有类似性质的调配函数。     

C~1插值二次B样条曲线曲面

利用二次均匀B样条曲线的端点性质,导出了构造插值二次均匀B样条曲线曲面的一种新的基函数―BB基函数。由BB基函数构造了C1保形插值二次均匀B样条曲线,构造了C1双二次均匀B样条插值曲面。     

曲率连续的三角B样条曲线与曲面

给出了一种二次参数三角样条曲线,基函数由一组特殊的二次三角多项式组成;曲线的每一段由三个控制顶点生成,不仅具有二次均匀B样条曲线的端点性质,而且具有更好的逼近性、整体达到曲率连续。该曲线(面)可用于曲线曲面的造型。     

二次均匀TC-B样条曲线的扩展

构造了一种新的三角多项式基函数--带参数的均匀二次TC-B样条基,并由此定义了曲线--带参数的均匀二次TC-B样条曲线.该曲线继承了均匀TC-B样条曲线的优点,有着与其相类似的性质,例如凸包性、几何不变性、变差缩减性等.同时它还能精确表示圆弧、椭圆弧等二次曲线,推广到空间即可以表示旋转曲面.此外,由于引入了形状控制参数,使其在工业设计中具有更大的灵活性和更广的应用范围.     

带两个参数的非均匀三次三角B样条曲线

为了使构造的三次三角非均匀 B-样条曲线在具备形状可调性、高阶连续性、精确 表示椭圆等性质的同时还具有变差缩减性,构造了一类具有全正性的带 2 个参数的非均匀三次 三角 B-样条基函数,进而进行曲线构造。首先假设待构造的非均匀三次三角 B-样条基在每一个 节点处具有 C2连续且具有单位性,进而确定基函数的表达式;然后给出了基函数具有全正性等 重要性质;最后给出了非均匀三次三角 B-样条曲线的定义,并证明了其具有变差缩减性等重要 性质,还证明了曲线在取特殊参数值时具有 C(2n–1)阶连续。实例表明,本文构造的曲线有效解 决了传统方法存在的问题,适合于几何设计。     

带局部形状参数的三次均匀B样条曲线的扩展

带形状参数的B样条曲线的构造已成为计算机辅助几何设计中的热点问题.为了使形状参数具有局部修改功能,给出了两类带局部形状参数的调配函数,它们都是三次均匀B样条基函数的扩展.基于给出的调配函数,定义了两种带局部形状参数的分段多项式曲线.可以通过改变局部形状参数的取值对曲线进行局部调整.调整形状参数可使三次多项式曲线在三次均匀B样条曲线远离控制多边形的一侧摆动,而四次多项式曲线在三次均匀B样条曲线的两侧摆动.最后讨论了它们在曲线设计及曲线插值中的应用.造型实例表明,该类曲线在计算机辅助几何设计中具有重要的应用价值.     

第二类均匀CB样条曲线

当α→0时,均匀CB样条曲线逼近相应阶的均匀B样条曲线,改变α的取值时,生成的均匀CB样条曲线逼近控制多边形的极限位置是相应阶的均匀B样条曲线.为了突破这种逼近极限,构造一种新的均匀CB样条曲线.先构造一种三次均匀CB样条基,再运用积分递归定义出任意阶的均匀CB样条基.由这些基构造的均匀CB样条曲线与原CB样条曲线具有类似的性质:凸包性、几何不变性、局部性、对称性等,但随着α取值的不同生成相应阶的均匀B样条两侧曲线,能够更好的逼近控制多边形.最后给出了用新的均匀CB样条曲线精确表示椭圆,圆,抛物线,螺旋线等.定义的新均匀CB样条拓展了均匀CB样条曲线曲面的造型能力.     

插值平面曲线的可展B样条曲面及凸性分析

用两条位于两任意平面上的均匀B样条曲线作边界曲线,形成一个直纹面,得到了该直纹面为可展曲面的充要条件,解决了(n,n)次可展B样条曲面的设计问题,构造了(2,2)次B样条可展曲面。通过对以上可展B样条曲面进行凸性分析,得到了(n,n)次可展B样条曲面为凸曲面的充要条件。     

二次均匀B样条曲线的扩展

为便于对均匀B样条曲线进行形状修改,利用二次均匀B样条基函数所需满足的条件,扩展二次均匀B样条基函数,构造出三次多项式调配函数．基于给出的调配函数,建立1种带形状参数的分段多项式曲线．调整形状参数可使三次多项式曲线在二次均匀B样条曲线两侧摆动．最后给出实例,构造出带局部调节参数G^1的连续曲线．该方法可以通过调整参数扩大二次均匀B样条曲线的调整范围．     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.