微流控技术制备叠氮化铅起爆药及其改性

针对常规叠氮化铅(Pb(N3)2,LA,Lead Azide)制备工艺存在自爆风险等问题,采用旋T型微流控芯片提供的微通道作为微反应器,借助其分子间扩散距离短、比表面积大、连续流动等特点,在微通道反应器内制备了微纳米尺度的LA起爆药,并使用聚焦型液滴微流控芯片对制备的LA起爆药进行了球形化改性处理.研究了反应物流速、有...     

喷雾干燥工艺条件对HMX/F_(2602)核壳复合微球粒度的影响

采用悬浮喷雾干燥法将偏氟乙烯和六氟丙烯共聚物(F_(2602))包覆于HMX颗粒表面,制备了HMX/F_(2602)核壳复合微球。采用共混溶液喷雾干燥法制备了HMX/F_(2602)复合微球。探讨了进口温度、进料速率和料液浓度等悬浮喷雾干燥工艺条件对HMX/F_(2602)核壳复合微球粒度的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光粒度分析仪和撞击感度仪表征了两个样品的形貌、粒度和撞击感度。结果表明,悬浮喷雾干燥法的优化工艺条件为:入口温度85℃,进料速率3 m L·min~(-1),料液浓度2%。HMX/F_(2602)复合微球有内部缺陷,中值粒径为4.75μm。HMX/F_(2602)核壳复合微球为实心球状,中值粒径1.23μm。HMX/F_(2602)复合微球和HMX/F_(2602)核壳复合微球的撞击特性落高分别为31.23 cm和41.37 cm,显示HMX/F_(2602)核壳复合微球有更好的性能。     

纳米B/NC/F2602双层含能纤维的制备及其性能

为了改善纳米硼粉的分散性，提高纳米硼粉的能量输出，利用同轴静电纺丝法制备了n-B/NC/F₂₆₀₂核壳纳米纤维；利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同芯层溶液质量分数、壳层溶液质量分数、工作电压、针头到收集器之间的距离、注射速率制备的样品进行形貌分析，探索了最佳制备条件。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、红外光谱仪(IR)对最佳制备条件制得的样品进行了形貌分析；利用燃烧性能测试、热力学模拟、DSC-TG对其进行了性能分析。研究结果表明：最佳制备条件为芯层溶液质量分数15%、壳层溶液质量分数15%、工作电压16 kV、针头到收集器之间的距离12 cm、芯层流速3.6 mL·h^-1、壳层流速6 mL·h^-1；所得纺丝产物平均直径为1.32μm；燃烧性能测试测得最高燃烧压力峰为0.51 MPa，平均升压速率0.61 MPa·s^-1，表现出优异的燃烧性能；热力学模拟显示产物平均分子量为29 g·mol^-1，燃烧较充分；DSC-TG显示硼在n-B/NC/F_...     

液滴微流控技术制备亚微米级HNS基PBX复合微球

为了获得形状规则、流散性好和粒径均一的球形化造型粉,采用液滴微流控技术,研究了不同黏结剂对2,2’,4,4’,6,6’-六硝基二苯基乙烯(HNS)复合微球性能的影响。分别选取氟橡胶(F₂₆₀₄)、硝化棉(NC)和聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)对亚微米HNS进行球形化造粒制备,成功制备出亚微米级HNS/F₂₆₀₄(95/5)、HNS/NC(95/5)和HNS/GAP(95/5)复合微球。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、比表面积、热分析仪、真密度测试仪和机械感度测试仪等对微球进行测试和表征。结果表明：3种黏结剂均能制得球形度高、单分散性好、粒径分布窄的HNS复合微球,平均圆形度分别为0.934,0.915,0.925,D₅₀分别为45.39,58.68,45.43μm(跨度均小于0.55),热分解峰温分别为354.44,349.53,339.37℃。球形化过程使微球真密度分别增加到1.9408,1.9383,1.9204 g·cm^-3,有效提高了HNS装药性能。微球堆积形成的锥角分别为27°,24.3°,24°...     

低温制备Al_2Cu合金

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以Cu(NO3)2·3H2O为铜源制备Cu2(OH)3NO3溶胶,在刚形成溶胶时加入添加了PEG-2000的Al粉/乙醇溶液,真空干燥后350℃煅烧,制得Al2Cu合金。利用XRD和SEM等分析手段对该方法制得的产物的成分、晶体结构以及微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明,该方法制备的Al2Cu为四方晶系颗粒,并且是在Al颗粒表面上进行反应,从而形成了以Al为核、Cu为壳体的Al2Cu核壳结构。     

NC/PEG共混体系组分间的相互作用及其微观结构

用溶液共混法制备了硝化纤维素/聚乙二醇(NC/PEG)共混物,采用红外光谱和偏光显微镜表征了共混物两组分的相互作用和共混体系微观结构。结果表明,NC与PEG分子间存在较强的相互作用,PEG以碎晶的形式分布在共混体系中。用分子动力学模拟研究了NC和PEG分子间的相互作用机理,通过介观动力学模拟得到共混体系微观结构及密度分布图,两种模拟结果与实验结果均保持较高的一致性。表明,分子动力学和介观动力学模拟能表征NC/PEG体系分子间相互作用和微观结构。     

直列式爆炸箔点火及相关技术研究进展

从直列式点火系统构成、许用点火药硼-硝酸钾（Boron-Potassium Nitrate, BPN）的燃烧机理和新制备工艺以及国内外直列式爆炸箔点火相关标准三个方面,综述了直列式爆炸箔点火及相关技术的发展现状及应用。直列式点火系统有多功能多任务需求,因此作为控制模块的电子安全与解除安保装置呈现出编程寻址、多点协同的发展趋势,系统中各元件通过小型化和低能化减少系统装置所占空间。BPN通过新制备工艺进行组分粒度微纳米化,生成核壳结构,优化BPN燃烧性能、吸湿性和安定性等。总结并对比了国内外直列式爆炸箔点火相关标准。分析了直列式爆炸箔点火尚需研究的问题：冲击片直接点火BPN机理和BPN组分粒度对冲击点火感度的影响;BPN隔板点火的影响因素和规律;多种隔板点火结构的性能比较;BPN新制备方法及其对性能的优化。     

RDX基复合含能微球的制备及表征

以硝化棉(NC)为粘结剂、黑索今(RDX)为主体炸药,采用喷雾干燥法制备了RDX/NC超细复合含能微球,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)对其进行了表征及热分析,并与RDX原料进行了对比;对喷雾干燥法细化的RDX/NC和RDX、水悬浮法包覆的RDX/NC、溶剂非溶剂法细化的RDX、RDX原料的撞击感度分别进行了测试。结果表明,RDX/NC复合含能粒子与RDX原料相比,形貌从块状变为球形,粒径从50~200μm减小至0.5~7μm,晶型无变化,但X射线衍射峰明显弱化,活化能从200.11kJ·mol-1降至186.87kJ·mol-1,热爆炸临界温度从504.98K升至507.70K。喷雾干燥细化、球形化和复合的RDX/NC球形粒子的撞击感度降低显著。     

硅微通道板微加工技术研究

微通道板(MCP)是二维通道电子倍增器,广泛用于电子、离子、紫外辐射和X-射线的探测与成像。提出一种硅微通道板(Si-MCP)制备工艺,分别采用干法刻蚀和电化学腐蚀微加工技术制备了硅微通道阵列（SMA）。重点研究了硅感应耦合等离子体刻蚀和光电化学腐蚀的特性,结果表明：硅光电化学腐蚀技术易于制备高长径比微通道,微通道侧壁更光滑、可制备倾斜通道、更适合制备Si-MCP. 制备出通道周期为6 μm、长径比大于50的SMA结构。采用厚层氧化实现了Si-MCP基体绝缘,采用原子层沉积工艺制备了连续倍增极,制作出Si-MCP样品。测试结果表明,采用半导体微加工技术制备的Si-MCP电子增益特性具有可行性。     

纳米燃烧催化剂在固体推进剂中的应用研究

综述了纳米燃烧催化剂在固体推进剂中的应用研究, 重点介绍了纳米燃烧催化剂的制备、对固体推进剂组分(RDX、 AP、 NC/NG等)热分解的催化作用及其对固体推进剂燃烧性能的催化作用研究情况, 并对纳米燃烧催化剂今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.