存在信道反馈延迟时Turbo-BLAST系统的自适应功率分配算法

该文针对信道反馈有延迟的Turbo-BLAST系统,以误比特率(Bit Error Rate, BER)为优化目标,提出次优和最优两种自适应功率分配算法。通过系统建模和性能分析,推导出系统瞬时信噪比(Signal Noise Ratio, SNR)的条件概率密度函数,利用数学变换得到信道反馈有延迟时系统BER的表达式。发送端在总功率约束条件下,分别采用拉格朗日极值法和牛顿迭代法求解功率分配矩阵的次优解与最优解。接收端采用基于迫零(Zero Forcing, ZF)准则的软干扰抵消算法进行迭代检测。仿真结果表明,和等功率分配相比,采用该文所提两种算法均可改善系统的BER性能。最优功率分配算法以增加计算复杂度为代价更好地改善了系统的BER性能,而接收端的迭代检测可进一步改善系统性能。     

一种基于错误传播补偿的V—BLAST自适应比特和功率分配算法

本文探讨了V-BLAST系统在总发射功率受限和一定目标误码率要求的前提下,基于自适应调制时间块的比特、功率分配问题,分析和比较了系统在采用不同串行干扰抵消顺序时的抗信道时变性能和抗错误传播性能,找出了在BER和速率两方面性能最优的串行干扰抵消顺序。针对错误传播对系统BER性能的冲击,提出了一种新的基于错误传播补偿的V-BLAST自适应比特、功率分配方案。仿真结果表明,该方案能显著提高系统在时变信道下的BER性能,有效增大自适应调制块长度,减小反馈开销。     

基于贪婪算法自适应比特功率分配的MIMO-OFDM系统性能

OFDM技术、MIMO技术和自适应调制技术的结合可以有效的抗无线信道的各种衰落,最大限度提高系统的容量和传输质量。借助于贪婪算法的最佳比特功率分配,本文深人研究了基于贪婪(greedy)算法自适应比特功率分配的MIMO- OFDM系统性能,对贪婪算法、等比特功率分配算法及CHOW算法下的系统误比特率(BER)进行比较,并对不同天线配置下的MIMO-OFDM系统的误比特率(BER)进行比较,推导及仿真结果表明：基于贪婪算法自适应比特功率分配的MIMO-OFDM系统BER要好于采用传统比特功率分配算法的系统BER,其频谱效率也要优于另外两种算法；同时,在采用相同的贪婪算法自适应动态比特分配策略下,MIMO-OFDM系统的BER要好于SISO-OFDM系统的BER。     

OFDM中自适应比特及功率分配的分析

在宽带移动OFDM(正交频分复用)系统中,不同的子信道经受不同的信道衰落,因此具有不同的传输能力。根据子信道的增益对子信道上加载的比特数进行自适应分配,可在满足一定误码率(BER)性能要求下使系统的总传输功率达到最小。本文研究了一种在一定传输速率下的自适应比特及功率分配算法。该算法可适用于多径频率选择性衰落信道。仿真结果表明,采用自适应技术可大大提高OFDM系统的性能。     

频率选择性衰落信道中多用户OFDM系统的自适应分配算法

本文提出一种适用于多径频率选择性衰落信道中多用户OFDM系统的自适应分配算法.算法根据信道瞬时估计值,自适应地为多用户分配子信道和传输比特数,在给定误比特率的条件下,使系统总的发送功率达到最小.作者根据时分复用的基本思想,提出多用户最佳子信道和比特分配算法,导出系统最小发送功率的下限,并在此基础上,进一步提出次佳自适应分配算法.数值模拟表明:次佳算法所需的发送功率比下限值高约1dB;与等比特分配方案相比自适应分配算法可节省功率约3-4dB;与静态信道分配方案相比,自适应分配算法可节省功率6-8dB.     

MIMO系统中基于ZF/MMSE检测的 自适应功率分配方案

 本文研究了MIMO系统中的功率分配技术.针对基于ZF/MMSE检测的MIMO系统,提出了一种简单的自适应功率分配方案.该方案在不使用预编码技术对MIMO信道进行对角化的前提下,遵循最小化系统BER的准则,为发送数据流分配发射功率.与采用SVD预编码的功率分配方案相比,本文提出的方法减少了系统需要的反馈信息量.仿真表明该方法能够有效地提高系统的BER性能,而且基于MMSE检测的系统性能接近于采用SVD预编码的功率分配性能.     

OFDM系统频率选择性信道功率分配方案

自适应分配技术根据子信道的瞬时估计值动态地分配传输比特数和发送功率,可以优化正交频分复用（OFDM,Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex）系统的整体性能。这里讨论了基于容量优化的自适应比特分配算法,基于误比特率优化的最佳功率分配算法和次佳功率分配算法。仿真结果表明,对不同信道环境下三种算法的特点和性能进行了分析和比较。仿真结果表明,自适应分配技术可以优化系统的容量和误比特率。     

一种新的自适应OFDM算法的探讨

在具有多径干扰的无线信道中仅应用传统OFDM既影响通信速率,也浪费资源.由于信道的频率选择性衰落,OFDM系统的每个子信道具有不同的传输能力.文中提出一种计算量较小、简单实用的自适应OFDM算法,在保证通信质量所需BER的前提下,按照各个子信道衰落程度动态的分配比特和功率,使所需要的发射总功率最小.仿真结果表明,采用该自适应OFDM算法可以提高OFDM系统的性能.     

基于译码－转发的多中继合作分集系统的功率分配

该文研究了衰落信道中基于译码－转发的多中继合作分集系统的功率分配问题。假设源节点有完全的信道状态信息,在总功率一定的条件下,以最小化系统的中断(outage)概率为目标,给出了如何选择中继节点以及如何在源节点和所选中继节点之间进行功率分配的算法。通过在任何时候最大化系统的瞬时容量来最小化系统的中断概率。仿真结果表明,该文提出的算法性能优于平均分配功率时系统的性能。     

自适应Turbo-QAM编码调制及其在 平坦Nakagami衰落信道的吞吐量性能

本文提出了一种通用的自适应编码调制系统吞吐量性能分析方法.基于各固定编码调制方式的误码率(BER)性能,使每种编码调制方案对应于一个信道平均信噪比(SNR)范围,再应用拉格朗日函数法得到使自适应编码调制系统吞吐量性能最大的信噪比转换门限,可得到系统的平均吞吐量性能.数值分析结果表明,相对于自适应M进制正交幅度调制(MQAM),自适应Turbo编码MQAM系统吞吐量性能有显著提高,并且该性能受瞬时误码率要求的影响较小.Nakagami信道中,在相同平均信道信噪比条件下,随着m的增大,系统吞吐量性能提高缓慢.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.