不同厚度GaAs覆盖层对自组织生长InAs量子点退火效应的影响

本文利用光致发光测量了不同厚度GaAs覆盖层对自组织生长InAs量子点退火效应的影响．退火使量子点发光峰蓝移，发光强度减弱．深埋的量子点承受更大的应变，应变使退火引起的互扩散加强．GaAs盖层越厚，量干点的互扩散越明显，发光峰蓝移越显著，并由此导致了发光峰半高宽的不同变化．     

自组织生长InAs量子点发光的温度特性

本文报道ＩｎＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ自组织生长量子点结构中发光的温度特性．在１２～１５０Ｋ温度范围内，实验测得的ＩｎＡｓ激子发光能量随温度增加明显红移，其红移速率远大于ＩｎＡｓ带隙的温度关系，而光谱宽度则明显减小．这些结果表明ＩｎＡｓ量子点结构是一种强耦合系统，局域在ＩｎＡｓ量子点中的载流子波函数会相互交途、相互贯穿，从而增强了载流子的弛豫过程．     

低落曙GaAs外延层上生长InAs量子点的研究

利用退火技术,实现了在低温ＧａＡｓ外延层上ＩｎＡｓ量子点的生长。透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）研究表明,低温ＧａＡｓ外延层上生长的ＩｎＡｓ量子点比通常生长的ＩｎＡｓ量子眯明显变小,且密度变大,认为是由于低温ＧａＡｓ中的点缺陷以及Ａｓ沉淀引起的：点缺陷释放了部分弹性能,使得量子点变小,而Ａｓ沉淀可能是量子点密度变大的原因。在光致发光谱（ＰＬ）上,退火低温外延层上生长的量子点的发光峰能量较高,且半高宽变窄。     

InGaAs／GaAs应变量子阱中的激子发光动力学

本文详细测量并分析了ＩｎＧａＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ应变量子阱中的激子发光衰退特性，研究了激子发光寿命与Ｉｎ组分和阱宽的关系．发现Ｉｎ组分增大时，激子寿命变短，而发光寿命与阶宽的关系不大．文章分析了影响发光寿命的诸多因素，指出在ＩｎＧａＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ量子阱中，由合金无序造成的散射对激子发光寿命有重要的影响．     

InAs／GaAs亚单层结构的静压光谱研究

在１５Ｋ下测量了ＩｎＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ亚单层结构的静压光致发光，静压范围为０～８ＧＰａ．常压下ＩｎＡｓ层中重空穴激子的发光峰随ＩｎＡｓ层厚的减小向高能移动，同时峰宽变窄，强度减小．其压力行为与ＧａＡｓ基体的基本一致，表明量子阱（线、点）模型仍适用于ＩｎＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ亚单层结构．得到平均厚度为１／３单分子层的样品中由于附加的横向限制效应引起的电子和空穴束缚能的增加分别为２３和４２ｍｅＶ     

快速热退火提高应变InAs／InP量子阱结构的晶体质量

研究了快速热退火对应变ＩｎＡｓ／ＩｎＰ单晶子阱结构光学性质的影响。样品经最佳条件７００℃，５ｓ的快速热退火，８Ｋ温度下量子阱的荧光强度地加了４倍，量子阱荧光峰仅蓝移１．５ｍｅＶ。     

浅离子注入InGaAs/InGaAsP SL-MQW激光器的混合蓝移效应

利用３００ｋｅＶ的Ｐ＋离子对ＩｎＧａＡｓ／ＩｎＧａＡｓＰ应变层多量子阱（ＭＱＷ）激光器外延结构实施浅注入,经Ｈ２／Ｎ２混合气氛下的快速退火,结构的光致发光（ＰＬ）峰值波长蓝移了７６ｎｍ,所作宽接触激光器的激射波长蓝移了７７．９ｎｍ．发现具有应变结构的ＩｎＧａＡｓ／ＩｎＧａＡｓＰＭＱＷ,在较低的诱导因素作用下即可产生较大的量子阱混合（ｉｎｔｅｒｍｉｘｉｎｇ）效应     

应变In0.20 Ga0.80As／GaAs单量子阱结构的光谱研究

报道了用光致发光光谱，吸收光谱和光电流谱研究具有相同组伊阱宽，不同覆盖层厚度的应变Ｉｎ０．２０Ｇａ０．８０Ａｓ／ＧａＡｓ单量子阱结构的实验结果，结果理论计算，观察到ＧａＡｓ覆盖层厚度对单量子阱结构的材料质量，应力驰豫和发光淬灭机制的影响，确定了各样品应变值和导带不连续因子Ｑｃ，并讨论了这种结构发光机制。     

注入Ga离子的GaAs／AlGaAs量子阱中界面混合的光荧光研究

用注入Ｇａ离子ＧａＡｓ／ＡｌＧａＡｓ量子阱在快速热退火中大大加快了异质结界面的互扩散，表现在ＰＬ光谱中量子阱峰值能量有３０～９０ｍｅＶ的兰移．发现兰移大小同注入损伤程度、退火的温度及时间有关，并得到快速退火中的互扩散系数Ｄ约为１０－１５～１０－１７ｃｍ２／ｓ     

生长停顿对量子点激光器的影响

在ＩｎＡｓ自组织量子点的ＧａＡｓ覆盖层中引入生长停顿,将这种量子点结构作激光器的有源区,与不引入生长停顿的量子点激光器进行对比后发现：生长停顿可以降低激光器的阈值电流,提高其特征温度,改善激光波长的温度稳定性。简单的分析表明,量子点中的能带填充效应影响了激光波长的温度特性。     

Annealing behavior of InAs/GaAs quantum dot structures

We investigate the annealing behavior of InAs layers with different thicknesses in a GaAs matrix. The diffusion enhancement by strain, which is well established in strained quantum wells, occurs in InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs). A shift of the QD luminescence peak toward higher energies results from this enhanced diffusion. In the case of structures where a significant portion of the strain is relaxed by dislocations, the interdiffusion becomes negligible, and there is a propensity to generate additional dislocations. This results in a decrease of the QD luminescence intensity, and the QD peak energy is weakly affected.     

Pulsed laser annealing of self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots

The effect of pulsed laser annealing (PLA), using an excimer laser, on the luminescence efficiency of self-organized InAs/GaAs and In_0.4Ga_0.6As/GaAs quantum dots has been investigated. It is found that such annealing can enhance both the peak and integrated photoluminescence (PL) efficiency of the dots, up to a factor of 5–10 compared to as-grown samples, without any spectral shift of the luminescence spectrum. The improved luminescence is attributed to the annealing of nonradiative point and extended defects in and around the dots.     

Transition Mechanism of InAs Quantum Dot to Quantum Ring Revealed by Photoluminescence Spectra

The transition mechanism of InAs quantum dot (QD) to quantum ring (QR) was investigated. After the growth of InAs QDs, a thin layer of GaAs was overgrown on the InAs QD and the sample was annealed at the same temperature for a period of time. It was found that the central part of the InAs islands started to out diffuse and formed ring shape only after a deposition of a critical thickness (1 ~ 2 nm) of GaAs capped layer depending on the size of InAs QDs. This phenomenon was revealed by photoluminescence measurement and atomic force microscopy image. It is suggested that the strain energy provided by the GaAs overgrown layer is responsible for the InAs to diffuse out of the island to form QR.     

Study of the Structural and Luminescence Properties of InAs/GaAs Heterostructures with Bi-Doped Potential Barriers

The influence of Bi in GaAs barrier layers on the structural and optical properties of InAs/GaAs quantum-dot heterostructures is studied. By atomic-force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, it is established that the introduction of Bi into GaAs to a content of up to 5 at % results in a decrease in the density of InAs quantum dots from 1.58 × 10¹⁰ to 0.93 × 10¹⁰ cm^–2. The effect is defined by a decrease in the mismatch between the crystal-lattice parameters at the InAs/GaAsBi heterointerface. In this case, an increase in the height of InAs quantum dots is detected. This increase is apparently due to intensification of the surface diffusion of In during growth at the GaAsBi surface. Analysis of the luminescence properties shows that the doping of GaAs potential barriers with Bi is accompanied by a red shift of the emission peak related to InAs quantum dots and by a decrease in the width of this peak.     

不同淀积厚度InAs量子点的喇曼散射

利用喇曼散射方法在77K温度下对不同淀积厚度的InAs/GaAs量子点材料进行了研究.在高于InAs体材料LO模的频率范围内观察到了量子点的喇曼特征峰,分析表明应变效应是影响QD声子频率的主要因素.实验显示,随着量子点层淀积厚度L的增加,InAs量子点的声子频率由于应变释放发生红移.在加入InAlAs应变缓冲层的样品中,类AlAs声子峰随L增大发生了蓝移,从侧面证实了InAs量子点层的应变释放过程.     

Effect of local structural defects on the precipitation of as in the vicinity of InAs quantum dots in a GaAs matrix

Electron-microscopy studies of GaAs structures grown by the method of molecular-beam epitaxy and containing arrays of semiconductor InAs quantum dots and metallic As quantum dots are performed. An array of InAs quantum dots is formed using the Stranski-Krastanow mechanism and consists of five layers of vertically conjugated quantum dots divided by a 5-nm-thick GaAs spacer layer. The array of As quantum dots is formed in an As-enriched GaAs layer grown at a low temperature above an array of InAs quantum dots using postgrowth annealing at temperatures of 400–600°C for 15 min. It is found that, during the course of structure growth near the InAs quantum dots, misfit defects are formed; these defects are represented by 60° or edge dislocations located in the heterointerface plane of the semiconductor quantum dots and penetrating to the surface through a layer of “low-temperature” GaAs. The presence of such structural defects leads to the formation of As quantum dots in the vicinity of the middle of the InAs conjugated quantum dots beyond the layer of “low-temperature” GaAs.     

InAs/GaAs系列量子点研究

为了获得波长长、均匀性好和发光效率高的量子点,采用分子束外延(MBE)技术和S-K应变自组装模式,在GaAs(100)衬底上研究生长了三种InAs量子点。采用MBE配备的RHEED确定了工艺参数:As压维持在1.33×10-5Pa;InAs量子点和In0.2Ga0.8As的生长温度为500℃;565℃生长50nmGaAs覆盖层。生长了垂直耦合量子点(InAs1.8ML/GaAs5nm/InAs1.8ML)、阱内量子点(In0.2Ga0.8As5nm/InAs2.4ML/In0.2Ga0.8As5nm)和柱状岛量子点(InAs分别生长1.9、1.7、1.5ML,停顿20s后,生长间隔层GaAs2nm)。测得对应的室温光致发光(PL)谱峰值波长分别为1.038、1.201、1.087μm,半峰宽为119.6、128.0、72.2nm、相对发光强度为0.034、0.153、0.29。根据PL谱的峰位、半峰宽和相对发光强与量子点波长、均匀性和发光效率的对应关系,可知量子点波长有不同程度的增加、均匀性越来越好、发光效率显著增强。     

Metastable population of self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots

In the present work, we report on the investigation of a p-n heterostructure with InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QD) by capacitance-voltage and deep level transient spectroscopy. We have observed controllable and reversible metastable population of the energy states of quantum dots and interface in the structure containing one plane of InAs QDs as a function of temperature of isochronous annealing as well as under bias-on-bias-off cooling conditions and white light illumination. This effect was attributed to the change in the Fermi level position due to the hole capture on self-trapped defects similar to the DX center in GaAs after isochronous annealing and white light illumination.     

GaAs structures with InAs and As quantum dots produced in a single molecular beam epitaxy process

Epitaxial GaAs layers containing InAs semiconductor quantum dots and As metal quantum dots are grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The InAs quantum dots are formed by the Stranskii-Krastanow mechanism, whereas the As quantum dots are self-assembled in the GaAs layer grown at low temperature with a large As excess. The microstructure of the samples is studied by transmission electron microscopy. It is established that the As metal quantum dots formed in the immediate vicinity of the InAs semiconductor quantum dots are larger in size than the As quantum dots formed far from the InAs quantum dots. This is apparently due to the effect of strain fields of the InAs quantum dots upon the self-assembling of As quantum dots. Another phenomenon apparently associated with local strains around the InAs quantum dots is the formation of V-like defects (stacking faults) during the overgrowth of the InAs quantum dots with the GaAs layer by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy. Such defects have a profound effect on the self-assembling of As quantum dots. Specifically, on high-temperature annealing needed for the formation of large-sized As quantum dots by Ostwald ripening, the V-like defects bring about the dissolution of the As quantum dots in the vicinity of the defects. In this case, excess arsenic most probably diffuses towards the open surface of the sample via the channels of accelerated diffusion in the planes of stacking faults.     

Electron microscopy of GaAs-based structures with InAs and As quantum dots separated by an AlAs barrier

Electron microscopy studies of GaAs-based structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy and containing arrays of semiconductor InAs quantum dots and metal As quantum dots are performed. The array of InAs quantum dots is formed by the Stranski-Krastanov mechanism and consists of vertically coupled pairs of quantum dots separated by a GaAs spacer 10 nm thick. To separate the arrays of semiconductor and metal quantum dots and to prevent diffusion-induced mixing, the array of InAs quantum dots is overgrown with an AlAs barrier layer 5 or 10 nm thick, after which a GaAs layer is grown at a comparatively low temperature (180°C). The array of As quantum dots is formed in an As-enriched layer of the low-temperature GaAs by means of post-growth annealing at 400–760°C for 15 min. It is established that the AlAs barrier layer has a surface profile corresponding to that of a subbarrier layer with InAs quantum dots. The presence of such a profile causes the formation of V-shaped structural defects upon subsequent overgrowth with the GaAs layer. Besides, it was obtained that AlAs layer is thinned over the InAs quantum dots tops. It is shown that the AlAs barrier layer in the regions between the InAs quantum dots effectively prevents the starting diffusion of excess As at annealing temperatures up to 600°C. However, the concentration of mechanical stresses and the reduced thickness of the AlAs barrier layer near the tops of the InAs quantum dots lead to local barrier breakthroughs and the diffusion of As quantum dots into the region of coupled pairs of InAs quantum dots at higher annealing temperatures.