化学溶液沉积法La2CuMnO6缓冲层薄膜的制备与结构表征

根据镧、铜及锰盐在不同溶剂中的溶解性,选择合适的溶剂及镧、铜及锰盐为前驱体,配制成前驱溶液进行润湿性、稳定性及不同衬底热处理实验,成功筛选出制备La2CuMnO6(LCMO)缓冲层薄膜的前驱体,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对化学溶液沉积法(CSD)合成的La2CuMnO6薄膜的相组成和形貌结构进行了表征。结果表明,选择合适的前驱体(La(CH3COO)3·1.5H2O、Cu(CH3COO)2·1.0H2O、Mn(CH3COO)2·4.0H2O)及SrTiO3(STO)(100)衬底,在1000℃、保温时间3h、空气气氛及总离子浓度为1.0mol/L工艺条件下制备的La2CuMnO6薄膜具有很好的c轴织构,薄膜表面较平整、均匀、无裂纹、无孔洞,分布均匀且排列致密,完全满足缓冲层对薄膜的要求。     

超声化学沉淀法制备纳米NiO

以Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和(NH4)2C2O4·H2O为原料,采用超声沉淀法制备了纳米NiO,并利用XRD、FT-IR和TEM等分析方法对前驱体及产品组成和形貌进行了表征.结果表明,超声沉淀法制备的纳米NiO前驱体是二水合草酸镍.和实验制备的大颗粒Nio相比,纳米氧化镍Ni-O伸缩振动吸收峰及肩峰均发生了红移.纳米...     

共沉淀法制备ZrW2O8及其中间产物的晶体结构

以仲钨酸铵[（NH4）10W12O41·5H2O]和氧氯化锆（ZrOCl2·8H2O）为原料,采取共沉淀法制备具有负热膨胀系数的钨酸锆（ZrW2O8）。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析合成过程的前驱体、中间体和最终产物等的晶体结构,并采用FullProf-Suite程序和Material Studio程序分别对ZrW2O8晶体的XRD数据进行处理,精化修正其原子坐标参数和晶体结构参数。结果表明,前驱体结构呈无定形态;中间体的结晶度为33．66％;最终产物为立方晶系的ZrW2O8,空间群为P213（198）,晶胞参数α0为0．91598nm,晶胞体积为0．76852nm^3,衍射峰指标化的可靠性因子F（30）=57．1（44）,峰形因子RP为0．2519,权重因子Rwp为0．1343。     

沉淀剂对共沉淀法制备Lu2O3发光粉体形貌的影响

研究了共沉淀法制备Eu3 掺杂氧化镥(Lu2O3)发光粉体过程中三种不同的沉淀剂(氨水、碳酸氢铵以及NH3·H2O NH4HCO3两者的混合溶液)对所得粉体形貌的影响.通过差热热重质谱联用(DTA-TG-MS)和红外光谱研究了不同沉淀剂所得沉淀前驱体的热分解行为,结合显微结构观察、粒度分布和比表而积测试,对i种沉淀剂影响Lu2O3晶粒尺寸和团聚状态的规律进行了探讨.研究发现:采用NH3·H2O NH4HCO3混合沉淀剂得到的Lu2O3粉体具有最佳的显微结构和粒径分布状态,沉淀前驱体经1000°C煅烧2h,粉体的平均晶粒尺寸为35nm,中位粒径(D50)为0.48μm.     

液相转化法制备纳米级二氧化锆

以ZrOCl2·8H2O和NH4HCO3为原料,先在溶液中进行反应制备得氧化锆前驱体碳酸氧锆,再用水洗涤前驱体并烘干。然后将前驱体在450℃下热解即得氧化锆产品。考察了有关因素对制备氧化锆的影响,例如氯氧化锆与碳酸氢铵质量比,反应温度,反应时间,反应物浓度,表面活性剂用量,煅烧温度及煅烧时间。获得了最佳工艺条件,在此条件下锆的回收率达99.96%,产品平均粒径约为50nm。     

超细Mo-30Cu复合粉末的烧结行为

采用溶胶-喷雾干燥-煅烧-氧还原方法制备了晶粒尺寸为17-30 nm的超细Mo-30Cu复合粉末,在制备过程中经历了一系列的相转变,由喷雾干燥复合盐前驱体Cu7.6O8(NO3)+(NH4)2(Mo4O13)+(NH4)6(Mo7O24)(H2O)4+Cu4Mo5O17+CuMoO4在450℃煅烧后转变为CuMoO4+MoO3复合氧化物,在300℃低温还原转变为MoO2+Cu2O+Cu三相,再在700℃高温还原完全转变为Mo+Cu两相复合粉末.该粉末在1050-1200℃烧结时从亚稳态Mo(Cu)固溶体逐渐转变为Mo和Cu相,在1050℃烧结后得到致密度为99.7%的细晶合金.合金的最大抗拉强度可达755 MPa,最大延伸率可达15.8%.     

硫酸盐共沉淀法制备YAG粉体及透明陶瓷

以自制Y2(SO4)3和NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O混合溶液为母盐,碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备了以YAG相为主要成分的混合粉体.研究表明,先驱体化学成分为[NH4AlO(OH)HCO3]·0.3[Y2(CO3)3·2H2O].先驱体经1200℃、2h煅烧,pH=7.2时产物以YAG相为混合粉体的主要成分,pH=8.5时Y2O3为主要成分.在较低温度下(低于1500℃),以硫酸盐为母盐制备的YAG混合粉体烧结性低于同样条件下硝酸盐为母盐合成的粉体烧结性.1100℃煅烧2h后合成的YAG混合粉体(pH=7.2),经1700℃真空烧结5h,获得了完全透明的YAG陶瓷,可见光区的最大透光率约为60%.     

共沉淀法制备球形磷酸亚铁铵

以FeSO4·7H2O、NH4H2PO4、NH3·H2O为原料,用共沉淀法合成了用于制备磷酸铁锂正极材料的前驱体磷酸亚铁铵(NH4FePO4),通过XRD、SEM、FTIR等测试手段对材料进行了表征.通过正交实验得到了最佳工艺条件.在该工艺条件下材料振实密度达到1.73g/cm3.     

化学沉淀法制备纳米氧化铝过程中的防团聚研究

分别以无水乙醇、去离子水为溶剂,以NH3·H2O、NH4HCO3为沉淀剂,采用化学沉淀法制备了纳米Al2O3粉体.利用TEM、XRD、FT-IR和激光粒度仪研究了溶剂、沉淀剂、浓度、前驱体等因素对纳米Al2O3粉体制备过程中的团聚程度的影响.结果表明:当NH4HCO3和Al(NO3)3水溶液浓度分别为3.0mol/L和0.3mol/L时,借助超声分散和微波干燥,得到的纳米Al2O3粉体粒度均匀、分散良好,1100℃煅烧所得粉体平均粒径为20nm.     

TiO2/Mn2O3复合纳米纤维的制备及光吸收性能研究

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为络合剂,与钛酸四正丁酯 Ti(C4H9O)4]和醋酸锰(Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O)反应制得前驱体溶液,用静电纺丝法制备PVP/TiO2/Mn2O3纳米复合纤维,在马弗炉中经过煅烧处理过程,获得了TiO2/Mn2O3纳米纤维.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、热分析仪(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射...     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。