基于灰度投影变换的改进Mean-shift算法

针对传统的均值漂移算法中核窗宽无法实时适应运动目标大小变化的问题,提出一种改进的Mean-shift跟踪算法。该算法通过对数坐标变换后的目标图像以及候选图像进行灰度投影计算,得到两幅图像的相对位移量,从而计算出窗口缩放因子,以便对核窗宽进行调整。实验证明,该算法可以有效地提高Mean-shift算法跟踪的准确性。     

鲁棒的前视红外目标多核跟踪算法

针对前视红外目标跟踪中常见的目标位置偏差和部分遮挡问题,在均值漂移算法的框架下,提出了一种基于投影直方图匹配和拓扑约束的多核跟踪算法。首先,对前后帧图像进行基于空间-灰度二维投影直方图匹配的目标位置预测;然后,充分利用目标的前景和背景信息构建多个独立的核跟踪器;最后,采用拓扑约束选取跟踪性能好的核跟踪器,组合得到最终的跟踪结果。实验结果表明:此算法能对目标进行准确跟踪,对目标位置偏差和部分遮挡具有较好的鲁棒性,在有遮挡的情况下,平均跟踪误差远小于传统的跟踪算法。因此,该算法在前视红外成像制导中具有较好的实用性和可行性。     

光纤陀螺漂移误差动态Allan方差分析

提出采用动态Allan方差(DAVar,Dynamic Allan variance)方法对光纤陀螺实测数据进行分析,系统地分析了引起光纤陀螺漂移误差的随机噪声种类及其来源和特性,DAVar分析方法的优势在于不仅能确定各种随机漂移的系数,而且可以跟踪和描述信号随时间变化的稳定性.实验证明,DAVar分析是对光纤陀螺随机漂移进行研究的有效方法.     

基于奇异值分解的图像目标跟踪算法

传统相关跟踪方法是利用模板图像与目标图像对应像素的灰度差异信息进行跟踪,它对旋转变化敏感,且存在跟踪累积误差,容易导致模板漂移而丢失目标。文中提出基于奇异值分解的跟踪算法,算法首先建立模板图像训练集合,利用奇异值分解方法,张成模板图像特征空间,然后求出模板图像在特征空间里的投影值,代替传统算法中灰度对两幅待匹配图像进行的全局搜索定位。在进行投影值间的相似性度量时,欧氏距离同等对待所有的特征向量不移合理,文中采用了一种鲁棒估计方法,可以对不同距离的值做不同处理。匹配跟踪实验效果良好。     

结合GLCM与三阶张量建模的在线目标跟踪

为提高目标跟踪算法对多种目标表观变化场景的自适应能力和跟踪精度,论文提出一种结合灰度共生(GLCM)与三阶张量建模的目标优化跟踪算法。该算法首先提取目标区域的灰度信息,通过GLCM的高区分度特征对目标进行二元超分描述,并结合三阶张量理论融合目标区域的多视图信息,建立起目标的三阶张量表观模型。然后利用线性空间理论对表观模型进行双线性展开,通过在线模型特征值描述与双线性空间的增量特征更新,明显降低模型更新时的运算量。跟踪环节,建立二级联合跟踪机制,结合当前时刻信息通过在线权重估计构建动态观测模型,以真实目标视图为基准建立静态观测模型对跟踪估计动态调整,以避免误差累积出现跟踪漂移,最终实现对目标的稳定跟踪。通过与典型算法进行多场景试验对比,表明该算法能够有效应对多种复杂场景下的运动目标跟踪,平均跟踪误差均小于9像素。     

基于Harris算法的自适应双极性红外舰船目标检测

红外舰船目标检测是舰船目标自动识别与跟踪的关键技术之一。针对现有方法在舰船目标成像灰度呈现"双极性"(舰船亮度高于或低于背景)或多极性(舰船目标灰度分布不均匀)的情况下适应能力不足,提出了一种新的红外舰船目标检测方法。为抑制海空杂波干扰提高检测概率,对图像进行均值漂移滤波,利用行垂直方向梯度投影获得感兴趣区域,通过检测区域内目标角点实现舰船目标的自动检测。实验结果表明,该算法能够克服传统算法基于舰船亮度高于背景的假设,在舰船灰度呈现双极性或多级性的情况下获得较好的检测结果。     

一种面向高斯差分图的压缩感知目标跟踪算法

针对压缩感知目标跟踪算法在目标纹理改变、比例缩放、光照变化剧烈时鲁棒性不足,提出一种面向高斯差分图的实时跟踪算法.首先,构建图像的多尺度空间及其对应的高斯差分图,实现高斯差分图的特征提取并获取压缩感知的输入信号;然后,通过压缩降维,目标邻域遍历,参数更新等过程,计算出面向高斯差分图的后续帧的目标最优跟踪窗;最后,将跟踪窗投影到对应的原始图像上,完成面向视频流的目标跟踪.高斯差分图像是单通道灰度图,具有灰度取值范围小、数值低、结构简单、维数少等特点,增强了特征对纹理改变、比例缩放和光照变化的稳健性,且继承了传统算法的实时性.实验证明,该算法能够快速准确地实现复杂环境下的移动目标跟踪任务.     

压电陀螺漂移的动态补偿

提出一种基于模糊推理的压电陀螺动态漂移补偿方法，设计了智能漂移补偿器。该补偿器通称在载体运动的复杂环境中对随时间变化的压电陀螺漂移作动态补偿，在三套应用系统上进行了实验，将陀螺漂移减小了２个数量级。     

光纤陀螺随机漂移的补偿方法研究

在研究高精度光纤陀螺时,尤其是在捷联惯性导航系统中,随机误差是光纤陀螺误差中不可忽视的部分,对光纤陀螺随机误差的补偿就显得非常必要.这里基于对光纤陀螺随机漂移建模的方法,首先采用ARIMA方法时光纤陀螺仪随机漂移进行建模;然后采用强跟踪卡尔曼滤波器进行滤波补偿,并利用实测数据进行了实验验证.实验结果证明,这种方法能够较好地补偿光纤陀螺的随机漂移.     

一种新型GM(1,1)-AR预测模型在陀螺漂移中的应用

为了对陀螺漂移趋势进行更有效的预测,提出一种基于小波分析的新型GM(1,1)-AR时间序列预测算法。该算法通过运用小波分解算法将陀螺漂移数据中的趋势项和随机项进行分离,然后分别运用GM(1,1)模型和AR时间序列预测模型对趋势项和随机项进行预测,最后用小波重构算法得出最终的预测值。给出了一种算法及具体步骤,最后用某型导弹陀螺漂移数据进行仿真实验,以检验这种算法的有效性和可行性,结果表明这种预测算法应用于陀螺漂移趋势预测是可行的。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.