聚合物PAM/PVP与表面活性剂SDS的相互作用

本文通过对聚合物PAM/PVP与表面活性剂SDS混合体系的相对粘度和表面张力研究,证明聚合物PAM/PVP与表面活性剂SDS之间存在着明显的相互作用。这两种聚合物很容易和表面活性剂相互作用,通过缔合,形成混合胶束状聚集体,导致溶液粘度剧增。随聚合物溶液中SDS的加入,溶液粘度发生起伏变化,出现最大值（最小值）。而二者的相互作用使体系溶液的表面张力在SDS的临界胶束浓度（CMC）前后呈现先减小后增大,最后趋于平衡的情况。且聚表相互作用使溶液界面的界面张力比纯表面活性剂溶液的界面张力有所升高。     

活性蓝69与CTAB相互作用及其对溶液泡沫性能影响

无论是染整加工,还是用于染料废水处理的泡沫分离过程,表面活性剂发挥重要的作用。以染料活性蓝69(RB69)和表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为体系,用紫外-可见分光广度法研究了它们之间的相互作用及相互作用对泡沫性能的影响。结果表明602nm下活性蓝69与表面活性剂CTAB混合溶液的吸光值大于同浓度活性蓝69水溶液的吸光值,紫外-可见吸收光谱发生了明显变化,说明活性蓝69与表面活性剂CTAB之间存在络合作用。这种相互作用对溶液的起泡性产生影响,加入活性蓝69使泡沫的半衰期增大,表面张力降低。泡沫分离法分离水溶液中活性蓝69染料工艺中,CTAB的量(摩尔)要大于活性蓝69的量(摩尔),一部分CTAB用于与染料结合,另一部分用于形成稳定的泡沫层。     

水解聚丙烯酰胺与正、负离子表面活性剂的相互作用

通过表面张力法和粘度法对不同水解度的聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）与十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（DTMA）和辛基硫酸钠（SOS）等摩尔比例的混合体系的相互作用进行了研究。研究表明，HPAM与DTMA-SOS等摩尔比混合体系之间的静电作用使表面活性剂体系的表面活性发生明显变化．并使高分子溶液的粘度大为降低。     

CTAB/NaSal胶束溶液自然对流传热实验研究

为全面研究胶束溶液的对流传热性能,在等温竖直平板加热壁面附近,通过实验研究了不同浓度CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)与NaSal(水杨酸钠)复配的CTAB/NaSal胶束溶液,在不同壁面温度下的自然对流传热性能。实验结果表明:随着CTAB/NaSal胶束溶液质量分数增大、温度降低,NPR(净功率下降率)越大;加热壁面为53℃时,CTAB/NaSal(3 mmol/L∶3 mmol/L)加热壁面输入功率相对于水下降34.37%。建立了We影响下的自然对流传热关联式,其误差在±10%以内;该关联式可用于计算CTAB/NaSal及其性质相似的胶束溶液在0.000 15≤We~2/Pr≤0.000 4时,分别在4.98×10~5≤Ra_x≤2.23×10~9和2.19×10~(10)≤Ra_x≤8.22×10~(10)范围内的自然对流传热Nu_x。     

短链醇对CTAB/KCl混合溶液粘度的影响

采用粘度法研究了在KBr存在条件下,乙醇、丙醇以及丁醇对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)水溶液粘度的影响。结果表明,丙醇和丁醇的加入会导致溶液的相对粘度先上升后下降,而乙醇浓度的增加会引起溶液相对粘度的持续下降。在此基础上进一步探讨了不同链长的醇与表面活性剂形成的胶束之间的疏水相互作用及其对表面活性剂聚集形态的影响。     

钴蓝色陶瓷釉料墨水制备及其性能

利用分散法制备钴蓝色陶瓷釉料墨水。研究了分散剂中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙二醇400的不同含量对釉料墨水的粘度和电导率的影响,并测定釉料墨水的流变性和表面张力。结果表明:制备性能优良的釉料墨水,分散剂中CTAB、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙二醇400的含量分别为50%、20%、30%;釉料墨水具有一定的触变性,粘度为38mPa·s;表面张力随着时间的延长而减小,最终趋向一定值(35mN/m)。     

柠檬酸三酯三季铵盐表面活性剂与聚乙烯醇的相互作用

通过黏度、电导率、表面张力、紫外吸收光谱以及荧光光谱等方法,研究柠檬酸三酯三季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂(CTTAC)与水溶性中性聚合物聚乙烯醇(PVA)之间的相互作用。结果表明:PVA与CTTAC混合体系表现出异常的黏度行为;CTTAC/PVA混合溶液的电导在临界胶束浓度(cmc)以下随着PVA浓度的增加而增加,在临界胶束浓度以上随着PVA浓度的增加而降低;CTTAC/PVA混合溶液的临界胶束浓度由0.33 mmol.L-1降为0.15 mmol.L-1;最大紫外吸收峰发生了红移;胶束聚集数由单组分表面活性剂体系的9个~16个降低为3个~9个。     

阴离子型丙烯酸酯类两亲接枝聚合物的合成、溶液性质及其与阳离子表面活性剂的相互作用研究

通过催化链转移聚合（CCTP）技术可以一步得到末端带有可聚合碳碳双键的大分子单体P（MMA-CO-t-BMA）,并进一步接枝聚合得到阴离子型两亲接枝聚合物。采用滴形分析法、动态光散射以及透射电镜（TEM）系统研究了所得接技聚合物的水溶液性质（表面张力、聚集体大小及形貌等）,详细研究了合成的阴离子两亲聚合物与阳离子表面活性剂CTAB之间的相互作用。     

明胶、海藻酸钠、水溶性壳聚糖对螺旋静电纺丝可纺性及纤维形貌的影响

以水为溶剂,采用明胶、海藻酸钠、水溶性壳聚糖及其混合物进行螺旋静电纺丝,考察溶液粘度、电导率、表面张力对螺旋静电纺丝的影响。研究发现:明胶、明胶/海藻酸钠、明胶/水溶性壳聚糖静电纺丝,可得到直径分别为176nm、112nm、103nm的光滑连续纤维;海藻酸钠具有较高的电导率,纺丝得到平均直径为93nm的超细纤维;纯的水溶性壳聚糖,由于具有较高的表面张力,在收集器上仅得到细小的液滴。结果表明:溶液粘度、电导率直接影响纺丝纤维的形态,而表面张力的大小则关系到溶液的可纺性。     

期刊文献

正Gemini型阳离子表面活性剂与铜酞菁染料的相互作用房宽峻,刘代明,蔡玉青摘要:采用电导率测定、可见吸收光谱和表面张力测定等方法研究了Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂与铜酞菁结构染料直接蓝199的相互作用。结果表明,染料与表面活性剂作用后,在溶液中形成染料表面活性剂离子对复合物,使染料的吸收光谱发生变化,最大波长出现红移。同时,离子对复合物的形成使溶液的表面张力和电导率发生变化,混合溶液的临界胶束浓度(cmc)大于纯表面活性剂溶液的,而电导率随着表面活性剂浓     

Photoinduced increase in surfactant solution viscosity using azobenzene dicarboxylate for molecular switching

We provide further insight into the photochemical control of viscoelasticity through the use of azobenzene sodium dicarboxylate for molecular switching. As a photoresponsive molecule, Sodium 3,3'-azobenzene dicarboxylate (3,3'-Azo2Na) was added to a solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/sodium salicylate (NaSal), which is known for inducing the formation of wormlike micelles. This solution maintained a wormlike micellar structure, although a reduction in zero-shear viscosity was observed. When this mixed aqueous solution of CTAB/NaSal/3,3'-Azo2Na (16.7 mM each) was irradiated by ultraviolet light, the 3,3'-Azo2Na exhibited molecular trans-cis photoisomerization. We measured the dynamic viscoelasticity of the sample in the photostationary state and found that the zero-shear viscosity increased approximately sevenfold compared to the preirradiation state. This phenomenon is the opposite of the system wherein viscosity reduced by irradiation, as reported by us. We discuss the mechanism of this viscosity change.     

Interaction between 4-chloro-(2′-hydroxylphenylazo)rhodanine and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide

The interaction between 4-chloro-(2′-hydroxylphenylazo)rhodanine (ClHPAR) and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was investigated by surface tension, absorption spectra, resonance light scattering (RLS) spectra and transmission electron microscopy. It can be concluded from the experimental results that the hydrophobic forces cannot be neglected, even though the electrostatic interaction between ClHPAR and CTAB plays an important role. The RLS spectral behavior of ClHPAR changes in the presence of CTAB. The efficiency and the effectiveness of ClHPAR–CTAB mixture to decrease the surface tension of water are higher than those of any single component, i.e. CTAB and ClHPAR. As one might expect, NaCl and urine have different effects on the interaction between ClHPAR and CTAB and their interaction also depends on pH.     

Drag reduction in turbulent pipeline flow of mixed nonionic polymer and cationic surfactant systems

Turbulent drag reduction behaviour of a mixed nonionic polymer/cationic surfactant system was studied in a pipeline flow loop to explore the synergistic effects of polymeric and surfactant drag reducing additives. The nonionic polymer used was polyethylene oxide (PEO) at three different concentrations (500, 1000, and 2000 ppm). The surfactant used was cationic octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (OTAC) at concentration levels of 1000 and 2500 ppm. Sodium salicylate (NaSal) was used as a counter‐ion for the surfactant at a molar ratio of 2 (MR = Salt/OTAC = 2). Relative viscosity and surface tension were measured for different combinations of PEO and OTAC. While the relative viscosities demonstrated a week interaction between the polymer and the surfactant, the surface tension measurements exhibited negligible interaction. The pipeline results show a considerable synergistic effect, that is, the mixed polymer–surfactant system gives a significantly higher drag reduction (lower friction factors) as compared with pure polymer or pure surfactant. The addition of surfactant to the polymer always enhances drag reduction. However, the synergistic effect in mixed system is stronger at low polymer concentrations and high surfactant concentrations. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

聚丙烯酰胺/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠的相互作用

通过对聚合物聚丙烯酰胺/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PAM/PVP)与表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)混合体系的相对黏度和表面张力研究,证明聚合物PAM/PVP与表面活性剂SDS之间存在着明显的相互作用,通过缔合,形成混合胶束状聚集体,导致溶液黏度剧增。随聚合物溶液中SDS的加入,溶液黏度发生起伏变化,出现最大值(最小值)。而2者的相互作用使体系溶液的表面张力在SDS的临界胶束浓度(CMC)前后呈现先减小后增大,最后趋于平衡的情况。且聚表相互作用使溶液界面的界面张力比纯表面活性剂溶液的界面张力有所升高。     

Rheology on novel viscoelastic trimeric octadecyl zwitterionic surfactant micelle solutions

In this work, a novel trimeric octadecyl zwitterionic surfactant (TOCC) was successfully synthesized. TOCC was compounded with sodium salicylate (NaSal) for an optimized formulation to form viscoelastic micelles. The effects of NaSal concentration, pH, and temperature on the rheological properties of TOCC and TOCC/NaSal micelle solutions were investigated. The flow curves for both TOCC and TOCC/NaSal micelle solutions can be fitted with the Carreau–Yasuda model. Zero shear viscosity of TOCC/NaSal micelle solution increased and then decreased with increasing NaSal concentration, and the same trend was observed for viscoelasticity. Some micelle solutions exhibited significant thixotropy with stress overshoot. The optimal composition of the TOCC/NaSal micelle solution obtained was 5.0/0.5 wt%. Frequency sweep in the form of Cole–Cole plots indicated that the viscoelastic modulus of the TOCC/NaSal micelle solution fitted the Maxwell model at low and medium frequencies. With increasing pH, 5.0 wt% TOCC micelle solution had the maximum zero shear viscosity at pH = 6.9. The steady-state viscosities of different concentrations of TOCC micelle solutions reached their maximum at neutral conditions (pH = 6.5 ~ 7.0). Viscoelastic modulus of 5.0 wt% TOCC and TOCC/NaSal (5.0/0.5 wt%) micelle solutions decreased with increasing temperature, and thermal thixotropy was observed in both micelle solutions. The novel TOCC and TOCC/NaSal micelle solutions enrich the variety of trimeric surfactants and viscoelastic micelle solutions. This study provides a rheological reference for the applications of viscoelastic trimeric surfactants in smart materials and oil fields.     

Comparative Study of Effect of Surfactant-Polymer Interactions on Properties of Alkyl Polyglucosides and Alpha Olefin Sulphonate

The properties of Alpha Olefin Sulphonate (AOS) and Alkyl polyglucosides (APG) were studied in the presence and absence of nonionic polymers such as polyethylene glycol, poly vinyl pyrrolidone and methyl cellulose and hydroxy propyl cellulose. Properties like surface tension, foaming, viscosity and emulsification were studied at a constant concentration of polymer (0.1%) and varying concentrations of surfactant. It was found that at low surfactant concentrations there is an association between surfactant and polymer at the liquid/air surface in the case of an anionic surfactant and a nonionic polymer, which is not seen in the case of nonionic surfactants and nonionic polymers. A nonionic polymer reduces the surface tension of AOS by forming a surfactant-polymer complex which in turn increases the foamability, emulsifying property and viscosity of solution. APG does not show any effect on its surface tension in the presence of nonionic polymers but its foamability and emulsifying properties are improved. Reduction in surface tension is not the only reason behind increased foamability in the presence of the polymer. Higher molecular weight polymers give a rich, creamy foam because of increased viscosity in the surfactant solution as compared to lower molecular weight polymers.     

The study of Sunset Yellow anionic dye interaction with gemini and conventional cationic surfactants in aqueous solution

In the present study, the interaction of an anionic azo dye, Sunset Yellow, with two cationic gemini surfactants with different spacer lengths (s = 3, 6 methylene groups) and their monomeric counterpart, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB), was investigated by surface tension, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined from plots of the surface tension (γ) as a function of the logarithm of total surfactant concentration. Moreover, the values of binding constants (K_b) of dye-surfactant complexes were calculated by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The UV–Vis spectra showed that the dye–surfactant interaction occurred in the solution at concentrations far below the CMC of each surfactant. The gemini surfactant with a shorter spacer showed stronger interaction with dye in comparison to DTAB and the gemini with longer spacer. The effect of surfactant chemical structure on solubilization of dye-surfactant aggregates at surfactant concentration above CMC was investigated by zeta potential.     

添加不同物质的聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠静电纺丝研究

分别添加少量NaCl、乙酸、表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),研究少量添加物对海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液性质和静电纺纤维的影响,并初步探讨了溶液静电纺丝机制。结果表明:NaCl改变了溶液的电导率和黏度,乙酸降低了溶液的黏度、提高了溶剂挥发性,SDS降低了溶液的表面张力;适量的添加物可使纤维形貌得到改善;添加物对电纺纤维化学结构无本质影响;无机盐离子加剧了纤维拉伸作用,结晶性有所提高;处于泰勒锥处液滴表面受到静电排斥力、表面张力、同种聚合物分子间的氢键作用力、不同聚合物分子间的氢键作用力以及聚合物同水等溶剂形成的氢键作用力。     

基于“lock-in”效应的阳离子三联表面活性剂蠕虫状胶束流变性能

以三联阳离子表面活性剂双(2-羟基-二亚甲基醚)-α,ω,γ-三(十六烷基二甲基氯化铵)(16-4(OH)-16-4(OH)-16)在水杨酸钠(NaSal)及氯化钠(NaCl)作用下形成的蠕虫状胶束为研究对象,向该体系中增溶苯乙烯(S_t)引发聚合,探讨了聚合前后胶束溶液的流变性能。通过表观黏度法研究了16-4(OH)-16-4(OH)-16/NaSal/NaCl及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/NaSal两种体系聚合后溶液的耐温(T)及耐剪切性,并利用流变测试对16-4(OH)-16-4(OH)-16/NaSal/NaCl体系增溶S_t聚合前后溶液性能进行了表征。结果表明:CTAB/NaSal胶束体系中S_t最佳增溶量为0.05 g,T=100℃或剪切90 min,聚合后溶液表观黏度(η_a)分别为66.9、15.5 mPa·s;而16-4(OH)-16-4(OH)-16/NaSal/NaCl胶束中S_t 最佳增溶量为0.10 g,T=100℃且连续剪切90 min后,聚合后溶液的η_a 始终维持在99.1 mPa·s,该体系聚合后稳态模量(G₀)高于未增溶S_t体系,由此说明蠕虫状胶束内S_t聚合物链可以产生对其微结构的“lock-in”效应。     

表面活性剂对孪尾缔合聚合物水溶液表观黏度的影响

用黏度法研究了孪尾疏水缔合水溶性聚合物聚（丙烯酰胺／丙烯酸钠／N,N-二己基丙烯酰胺）[P（AM／NaAA／DiC6AM）]与十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CRAB）、OP-10的相互作用。结果表明,水溶液的表观黏度随SDS、CTAB质量浓度的增加急剧上升,超过一定浓度后水溶液黏度又急剧下降;黏度上升的幅度随疏水单体用量的增加、表面活性剂与疏水单体的摩尔比率（SMR值）的减小而增大;随水解度的增加,黏度上升的幅度较小。P（AM／NaAA／DiC6AM）的临界缔合浓度cac约为30g/mL,当加入SDS、CTAB时,能显著地降低。随OP-10质量浓度的增加,水溶液表观黏度几乎不变。表明P（AM／NaAA／DRAM）与SDS、CTAB的疏水缔合作用较强,而与OP-10的疏水缔合作用较弱。