球形CdSe纳米晶的制备及其光电性能

以Cd(NO3)2和Na2SeSO3的混合液为反应体系,采用液相法(绝氧环境)制备CdSe纳米晶.探讨了Cd与Se摩尔比、Na2EDTA用量、反应温度和反应时间等制备条件对样品在模拟太阳光下光电性能的影响.结果表明,当n (Cd) ∶n(Se)=6∶1时,加入25 mL0.16 mol/L Na2EDTA、在90℃下反应40 min所得CdSe纳米晶薄膜具有较高的光电压,其值约为0.387 7 V.X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征结果显示,位于25.354°最强衍射峰(111)晶面和60.943°最弱衍射峰(400)晶面处的CdSe纳米晶粒尺寸分别为44.98 nm和17.82 nm;以Cd元素对CdSe进行归一化处理后,样品中Cd和Se元素原子数分数均为12.42％,质量分数分别为34.77％和24.42％;样品CdSe纳米晶体呈球形,分散均匀,直径约为100 nm.     

电沉积法制备CdSe薄膜及其光电性能

采用电沉积法制备了硒化镉(CdSe)薄膜,讨论了Cd(NO3)2和H2SeO3摩尔比(n(Cd∶Se))、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)浓度、沉积电压和时间等条件对CdSe薄膜光电压的影响,并对样品进行X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析(EDS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征.结果表明,CdSe薄膜制备最优条件是在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)体系中,以0.005 5 mol/L PVP、0.036 mol/L Cd(NO3)2、0.054 mol/L H2SeO3混合液为电解液,室温下3.0V直流电压沉积15 min,可得最高0.368 0 V光电压的CdSe薄膜.XRD表征显示,在2θ值为25.354°,42.010°,49.699°,67.083°和76.780°处出现了(111),(220),(311),(331)和(422)五个晶面衍射峰,与立方型CdSe标准衍射卡(PDF 19-0191)峰位相吻合.EDS分析表明,样品中Cd和Se质量分数分别为45.60％和51.65％,原子分数分别为36.84％和59.02％.SEM表征显示,样品中的CdSe呈多层链网结构,链直径尺寸为80～300 nm.     

磁控溅射法制备Bi2Te3热电薄膜的研究

Bi2Te3薄膜是室温下热电性能最好的热电材料,利用磁控溅射在长有一薄层SiO2的n型硅样品上制备Bi/Te多层复合薄膜,经后续退火处理生成Bi2Te3。通过分析Bi2Te3薄膜的生长和退火工艺,探讨Bi/Te中Te的原子数分数对薄膜热电性能的影响。采用XRD和SEM对薄膜的结构、形貌和成分进行分析,并测量不同条件下的Seebeck系数。薄膜Seebeck系数均为负数,表明所制备样品是n型半导体薄膜,且最大值达到-76.81μV.K-1;电阻率ρ随Te的原子数分数增大而增大,其趋势先缓慢后迅速。Bi2Te3薄膜的热电性能良好,Te的原子数分数是60.52%时,功率因子最大,为1.765×10-4W.K-2.m-1。     

稀土Dy掺杂对ZnO,CdO和SnO2薄膜性能的影响

用热蒸发法和热处理制备稀土Dy掺杂金属氧化物CdO,ZnO和SnO2薄膜,研究不同Dy掺杂浓度及热处理对3种薄膜性能的影响。XRD和SEM测试结果显示:适当的Dy掺杂和热处理可改善薄膜的结构特性,使薄膜表面的致密性变好。CdO,ZnO和SnO2薄膜的最佳掺Dy原子数分数为5%,5%和3%。掺Dy后Cd O,ZnO和SnO2薄膜的导电类型均为n型,电阻值降低约一个数量级。Dy掺杂使得薄膜的致密性增加而导致光透过率降低。制备的薄膜都是直接带隙半导体,相应的光学带隙:Cd O约2.232 eV,CdO∶Dy(Dy原子数分数5%)的略增为2.241 e V,ZnO薄膜约为3.31 eV;ZnO∶Dy(Dy原子数分数5%)约3.25 eV,SnO2薄膜约3.07 eV,SnO2∶Dy(Dy原子数分数3%)约3.03 eV。     

PEALD制备的Al2O3薄膜在n-TOPCon太阳电池上的钝化性能

对采用等离子体增强原子层沉积(PEALD)法制备的Al2O3薄膜在n型单晶硅隧穿氧化层钝化接触(TOPCon)太阳电池正表面的钝化性能进行了研究.采用少数载流子寿命、X射线电子能谱(XPS)及J-V特性的测试分析,重点研究了 Al2O3沉积温度、薄膜厚度及薄膜形成后不同退火条件对钝化性能的影响,实现了低表面复合速率、良好钝化效果的产业化制备的Al2O3薄膜工艺.研究结果表明,在沉积温度为150℃、膜厚为5 nm、退火温度为450℃时,测试计算得出薄膜中O和Al的原子数之比为2.08,电池发射极正表面复合速率较低,达到了Al2O3钝化的最优效果,并且分析了 Al2O3薄膜的化学态和形成机理.利用其Al2O3薄膜工艺制备的n型单晶硅TOPCon太阳电池开路电压提升了 8 mV,电池的平均光电转换效率达到了 23.30％.     

纳米硅层状薄膜及其p-i-n太阳能电池的研制

通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)法分别制备了本征、掺磷和掺硼的氢化纳米硅薄膜(nc-Si:H),并制备出纳米硅复合层状薄膜.对薄膜样品进行了喇曼(Raman)散射谱,X射线衍射等分析测试.结果表明:掺杂元素对纳米硅薄膜的晶态比和晶粒大小存在不同程度的影响;通过薄膜表面衍射(XRD)可得到硅的(111),(220)和(311)三个晶面衍射峰;并在制得的纳米硅复合层状薄膜的基础上,制备了结构为Al/ITO/n -nc-Si:H/i-nc-Si:H/p-c-Si/Al/Ag的太阳能电池.该电池的开路电压、短路电流和填充因子与非晶硅太阳电池相比,均得到很大的提高.     

纳米硅层状薄膜及其p-i-n太阳能电池的研制

通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)法分别制备了本征、掺磷和掺硼的氢化纳米硅薄膜(nc-Si:H),并制备出纳米硅复合层状薄膜.对薄膜样品进行了喇曼(Raman)散射谱,X射线衍射等分析测试.结果表明:掺杂元素对纳米硅薄膜的晶态比和晶粒大小存在不同程度的影响;通过薄膜表面衍射(XRD)可得到硅的(111),(220)和(311)三个晶面衍射峰;并在制得的纳米硅复合层状薄膜的基础上,制备了结构为Al/ITO/n+-nc-Si:H/i-nc-Si:H/p-c-Si/Al/Ag的太阳能电池.该电池的开路电压、短路电流和填充因子与非晶硅太阳电池相比,均得到很大的提高.     

Cd_(1-x)Zn_xTe多晶薄膜的制备、性能与光伏应用

用共蒸发法制备了 Cd1 - x Znx Te多晶薄膜 ,薄膜结构属立方晶系空间群 F4 3m.通过透射光谱的测量 ,计算光能隙 ,得到室温时薄膜的光能隙随组分 x值的变化满足二次方关系 .作为对异质结界面的修饰 ,提出了有 Cd1 - x-Znx Te过渡层的 Cd S/ Cd Te/ Cd1 - x Znx Te/ Zn Te∶ Cu电池 .并在相同工艺下制备了 Cd S/ Cd Te/ Cd0 .4 Zn0 .6 Te/ Zn Te∶ Cu与 Cd S/ Cd Te/ Zn Te∶ Cu太阳电池 ,发现前者比后者效率平均增加了 35 .0 % .     

ZnTeCu薄膜的制备及其性能

用共蒸发法在室温下沉积了 Zn Te∶ Cu多晶薄膜 .刚沉积的不掺 Cu的薄膜呈立方相 ,适度掺 Cu时为立方相和六方相的混合相 .随着 Cu含量的增加 ,六方相增加 ,光能隙减小 .根据暗电导温度关系 ,结合 XRD和 DSC的结果 ,认为在 110℃、170℃开始出现类 Cu Te、类 Cu2 Te相以及 Cu0、Cu+离解的结果导致电导温度关系异常 ,应用这种薄膜作为背接触层获得了转换效率为 11.6 % ,面积为 0 .5 2 cm2 的 Cd S/Cd Te/Zn Te∶ Cu太阳电池     

ZnTe Cu薄膜的制备及其性能

用共蒸发法在室温下沉积了 Zn Te∶ Cu多晶薄膜 .刚沉积的不掺 Cu的薄膜呈立方相 ,适度掺 Cu时为立方相和六方相的混合相 .随着 Cu含量的增加 ,六方相增加 ,光能隙减小 .根据暗电导温度关系 ,结合 XRD和 DSC的结果 ,认为在 110℃、170℃开始出现类 Cu Te、类 Cu2 Te相以及 Cu0、Cu+离解的结果导致电导温度关系异常 ,应用这种薄膜作为背接触层获得了转换效率为 11.6 % ,面积为 0 .5 2 cm2 的 Cd S/Cd Te/Zn Te∶ Cu太阳电池     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.