PET－PBT共聚酯的结构与结晶性能

用差示扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）、核磁共振技术（ＮＭＲ）以及红外光谱等方法对经共缩聚而制得的ＰＥＴ－ＰＢＴ共聚酯进行了结构和性能分析。ＰＥＴ－ＰＢＴ共聚酯为嵌段共聚物，两种链段的非晶区是相溶的，只观察到１个玻璃化转变温度Ｔｇ，而它们的晶相是分离的。随着ＰＥＴ－ＰＢＴ共聚酯中ＰＢＴ链段含量提高，共聚结晶熔点不断下降，Ｔｇ也有下降趋势。ＰＢＴ链段的引入增强了ＰＥＴ分子链段的柔顺性，有利于提高ＰＥＴ链段的结晶能力。另一方面，少量ＰＢＴ链段的引入，也破坏了ＰＥＴ分子链的规整性，不利于其结晶。由于这两方面的原因，在低ＰＢＴ链段含量时，ＰＥＴ－ＰＢＴ共聚酯的结晶能力改善并不十分明显。     

LDPE对PBT／PC共混体系性能的影响

研究发现，在ＰＢＴ／ＰＣ共混体系中加入少量熔体指数（ＭＩ）较大的低密度聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ），可以改善该共混体系的加工成型性能、外观及力学性能。随着ＬＤＰＥ含量的增加，ＰＢＴ／ＰＣ巫混物的溶体指数增大；ＬＤＰＥ对共混体系还可起增韧作用，ＬＤＰＥ的加入使共混物的缺口冲击强度有明显的提高。另外，ＤＳＣ研究发现，ＬＤＰＥ的引入对共混物中ＰＢＴ组分的结晶有明显的促进作用，并使ＰＣ的玻璃化转变温度Ｔｇ下降。热失     

苯甲酸钠对PET结晶成核的影响

本文的研究工作表明，在苯甲酸钠与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的熔融共混体系中，ＰＥＴ的冷结晶峰温，结晶度与苯甲酸钠的颗粒粒径及多少无甚关系，而与苯甲酸钠的分子数目有关，增加苯甲酸钠含量，ＰＥＴ分子量有所下降。原子吸收光谱分析结果显示至少６５％的钠离子转化成了ＰＥＴ的钠盐，与共混挤出时间有关，萃取前后ＰＥＴ的ＤＳＣ分析表明主要影响ＰＥＴ结晶性能的是苯甲酸钠与ＰＥＴ反应生成的ＰＥＴ钠盐，而非苯甲酸钠本身。     

PET共聚酯结晶性能的研究

用ＤＳＣ，广角Ｘ射线衍射等方法研究了ＰＥＴ共聚酯的结晶行为，并与纯ＰＥＴ体系作了比较。以冷结晶峰温，等温结晶半周期ｔ１／２及结晶度等来表征它们的性能。结晶表明，共聚酯对ＰＥＴ结晶有明显的促进作用，共聚体系中再加入成核剂具有加和的促进作用，共聚体系的结晶度比纯ＰＥＴ体系和共聚核剂体系的高。     

聚酯／热致液晶聚合物体系的非等温结晶动力学研究

热致性液晶共聚酯ＰＥＴ／６０ＰＨＢ组分对ＰＥＴ及ＰＢＴ在两种共混体系中的非等温结晶行为的影响用ＤＳＣ方法进行了研究，并用Ｏｚａｗａ方法处理了动力学数据。随共混体系ＬＣＰ含量的增加，ＰＥＴ的Ａｖｒａｍｉ指数ｎ趋于降低而ＰＢＴ的ｎ值趋于增加，表明在非等温结晶条件下，对不同组成的共混物体系有着不同的成核和晶体生长的机理。     

固相缩聚PBT／PET共混体系的结晶熔融行为

用差示扫描量热法和小角Ｘ射线散射法对经固态缩反应后的ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ共混体系的结晶熔融行为进行了考察。共混体系的特性粘度随反应时间增加而提高，反应温度高，粘度增加幅度更大。粘度增加均能使ＰＢＴ、ＰＥＴ的熔融峰向高温方向移动，反应温度为２２０℃时，还能观察到ＰＢＴ－ＰＥＴ共聚酯的结晶熔融峰。     

PBT／PET共聚酯及其纤维的热性能

本文利用差示扫描量热分析研究了ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ共聚酯及其纤维热性能与形态结构的关系。实验结果表明ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ共聚酯高温稳定性好，其结晶结构为ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ共晶结构，随ＰＢＴ含量增加，其熔融热增加，熔点下降，ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ共聚纤维的熔融热随拉伸倍数增加而增加，这表明纤维结晶度随拉伸倍数而增加，适宜于ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ共聚纤维的拉伸温度为８０℃。     

PHB与PCL,PECL可生物降解高分子共混体系的研究

本文讨论了聚β－羟基丁酸酯／聚ε－己内酯（ＰＨＢ／ＰＣＬ）、聚β－羟基丁酸酯／聚ε－己内酯－聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物（ＰＨＢ／ＰＥＣＬ）共混体系的相容性、结晶性、形态结构及断裂表面形貌。ＰＨＢ／ＰＣＬ体系是不相容的，ＰＨＢ、ＰＣＬ的结晶度随共混组成而改变。ＳＥＭ结果表明，ＰＨＢ／ＰＣＬ共混膜断裂表面呈韧性断裂特征，ＰＨＢ的脆性得到改善，ＰＨＢ／ＰＥＣＬ，共混体系的相容性有所改善。     

液晶共聚酯酰胺对PET/PA66共混体系的增容作用

将ＰＥＴ、ＰＡ６６和ＬＣ３０进行熔融共混，采用ＳＥＭ、热台偏光显微镜、ＤＳＣ、Ｉｎｓｔｒｏｎ３２１１型毛细管流变仪测定了共混物的形态结构、热行为和流变性能，系统地研究了热致液晶共聚酯酰胺（ＬＣ３０）对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）／聚酰胺６６（ＰＡ６６）共混物的增容作用。结果表明，ＬＣ３０对ＰＥＴ／ＰＡ６６共混物的增容作用，有效地改善了ＰＥＴ／ＰＡ６６共混物的形态结构和流变性能，增强了ＰＥＴ链与ＰＡ６６链间的相互作用，使ＰＥＴ／ＰＡ６６共混物的熔点降低，结晶度提高，流变行为由原来的负偏差行为转变为正偏差行为。     

离聚体对PBT／PC共混体系结构与性能的影响

讨论了离聚体Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ９０２０对ＰＢＴ／ＰＣ共混体系的结构及其缺口冲击性能和结晶行为的影响。共混体系中加入适量离聚体，可使其缺冲击强度有较大提高，ＰＢＴ、ＰＣ间的界面相容性得到改善。ＤＳＣ、ＷＡＸＤ测试表明，离聚体的加入使共混体系的最大结晶速率有所增大，动力学结晶能力基本不变，体系保持了快速结晶的特性，且共混体系的结晶度略有提高。但是，当离聚体的含量较高（≥１５ｐｈｒ）时，共混体系的动力学性能和     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.