路面谱函数对车桥耦合随机振动敏感性分析

将桥梁离散为梁单元,车辆简化为两自由度车模型,基于虚拟激励法建立车桥耦合随机振动模型。分别以GB7031谱、Wang谱及ISO谱三种路面不平顺谱函数作为不平顺激励输入,研究路面谱函数对简支梁桥及车辆振动响应的影响。分析三种路面功率谱对桥梁竖向振动响应的影响,研究不同路面谱函数作用下车速对桥梁振动响应的敏感性及车辆振动对路面谱函数的敏感性。研究结果表明:三种路面谱函数引起的简支梁桥跨中竖向位移均方根曲线形状相似;路面谱与车桥耦合共同作用,桥梁及车辆共振频率出现在桥梁一阶频率处;ISO谱引起的车辆振动响应受车速变化敏感性较弱,但桥梁振动响应受车速影响敏感性较强;GB7031谱和Wang谱引起车辆和桥梁的动力响应及频率特性接近,GB7031谱计算结果略大于Wang谱。     

基于路面一致激励车桥耦合非平稳随机振动分析

基于路面不平顺一致输入激励,采用虚拟激励法研究车辆变速行驶三维车桥耦合非平稳随机振动响应。首先,将桥梁离散为板-壳实体单元,车辆简化为三维九自由度体系,考虑路面输入激励的多点不相干,将路面不平顺引起的荷载等效为虚拟激励荷载,建立三维车-桥耦合非平稳随机振动模型;然后,运用精细积分格式迭代求解,与Monte-Carlo法计算结果对比验证模型的正确性;最后,以某高速公路梁桥为背景,研究车辆匀加速行驶在B级桥面桥梁各点动响应。结果表明:笔者提出的计算模型及算法正确可行;相同路面激励引起的跨中位移和加速度响应峰值大小取决于瞬时最大车速;车辆变速行驶比匀速行驶具有更宽的共振频率区间,跨中位移和加速度最大值随车速呈现先快后缓的增长趋势。     

桥面不平引起车桥系统随机振动车速因素分析

将桥梁离散为梁单元,车辆简化为两自由度系统,桥面不平顺引起的车桥耦合振动荷载等效为虚拟激励荷载,建立移动车辆-桥梁耦合随机振动模型,运用虚拟激励法((pseudo excitation method,简称PEM)并结合模态综合叠加技术进行求解。将数值迭代结果与Monte-Carlo法对比,验证求解算法的正确性。以简支梁桥为例,在频域内对桥面不平顺引起车桥耦合随机振动的车速因素进行分析。结果表明:桥梁跨中竖向位移均方根值随车速变化较大,车速对位移和加速度功率谱曲线的1阶频率峰值和带宽影响显著;近支点加速度功率谱曲线的峰值、频率及带宽随车速变化明显。研究桥面不平顺引起的车桥耦合随机响应,车速对桥梁和车体振动影响不可忽略。     

运用模态综合法的车桥自激激励耦合振动分析

针对车桥耦合振动影响自动化码头集装箱小车-低架桥结构安全和使用效率的问题,基于双协调自由界面模态综合法求解了车桥系统在轨道不平顺和轮对蛇形运动自激激励下的耦合振动时域响应,轨道不平顺时程通过Shinozuka一元多维平稳随机过程模拟法从轨道谱生成。用量纲分析法推导了结构动力模型相似条件,设计了试验模型,结合模型试验分析了铅芯橡胶支座、小车速度对车桥耦合振动响应的影响。模型试验与原型仿真结果相互验证表明:模态综合求解车桥耦合振动响应的仿真方法合理;使用铅芯橡胶支座可有效减小车桥加速度响应和支柱反力;车桥加速度响应随着小车速度的增大而增大,系统横向共振临界车速低于竖向车速,临界车速可由简支梁在移动集中力作用下车桥共振条件来估算。     

电动汽车机-电-路耦合系统建模及动力学分析

轮毂电机驱动的电动汽车簧下质量大导致轮胎动载荷增加,电机电磁力也会加剧车辆振动,同时车辆和道路通过动态轮胎力相互耦合.为了探究电动汽车的振动机理,建立电动汽车机-电-路耦合系统非线性动力学模型,考虑悬架刚度、阻尼和轮胎刚度的非线性,并在传统路面不平顺激励的基础上叠加了轮毂电机的电磁激励和车路耦合引起的路面二次激励.解析推导电机电磁激励的表达式,建立轮毂电机三维实体有限元模型,计算磁通分布及电磁转矩,验证理论结果的有效性.利用模态叠加法推导了两端简支黏弹性地基梁的垂向位移响应,将其作为路面二次激励引入耦合系统模型.以车身加速度、悬架动挠度、轮胎力和轮胎四次幂合力作为评价指标,分析电磁激励、路面二次激励、车速和车辆非线性对车辆平顺性和道路友好性的影响.研究发现,车辆非线性对车辆振动和道路友好性的影响最大,电磁激励的影响次之,路面二次激励的影响较小;车辆高速行驶时,车身振动加剧且车辆载荷对道路损伤的影响更为显著;路面越平坦,以上三个因素的影响越大.所提出的车辆与电机、道路一体化建模思路,可为电动汽车动态设计和道路友好性研究提供借鉴.     

基于参数识别的桥梁冲击系数随机响应优化方法

随着行车速度的不断增高,路面高低随机不平顺引起车桥结构强烈的耦合振动严重影响工程结构的服役性能,乘客舒适性、桥梁及车辆的安全性受到大量的关注。在设计领域,动力学分析及优化受到诸多困难的干扰。将虚拟激励法与辛数学方法相结合对车桥系统动态响应进行数值分析,基于正交分析技术建立影响因素强度分析,以识别设计因素的相对重要性,例如车辆重量、刚度、速度、轨道不平顺、接触模型、桥梁跨度、支撑形式和材料参数。基于参数重要度推导基于虚拟激励法的高效灵敏度分析方法用于优化关键因素,并用数值算例证明了方法的准确性和计算效率。结果表明,影响桥梁各个位置的因素差异很大,冲击系数随着桥表面的粗糙度增加而增加,影响因素主要是车辆悬架刚度、阻尼和速度参数,并通过参数优化有效降低了主要影响因素对桥梁的影响。     

摩托车随机振动响应分析

研究了摩托车受到不平路面激励而产生的垂向随机振动。摩托车采用四自由度垂向振动模型,构建了摩托车振动分析有限元模型。运用路面不平度随机振动的功率谱密度分析方法,拟合了不同路面等级、不同车速下三种行驶情况的路面时间频率功率谱密度作为路面激励,得出了摩托车整车的模态特性以及对应的加速度响应功率谱密度。结果表明:路面不平度和摩托车行驶速度对结构随机振动响应影响较大,而当结构某阶固有频率与瞬时的空间频率一致时发生共振。此分析方法可用于研究摩托车的舒适性和平顺性,具有较强的工程实用价值。     

十自由度车-轨耦合仿真分析

文章以十自由度车轨耦合模型为例,探究由轨道不平顺所导致车-轨耦合垂向振动的问题,由功率谱密度计算确定了轨道不平顺并以此作为激励源,计算分析车辆与轨道之间的垂向耦合振动响应.通过MATLAB仿真结果图分析得出,轨下的高底不平顺主要影响的是构架和轮对的振动频率,对车体的影响并不大,因此要减轻车-轨系统的振动主要从一系悬挂和...     

基于小波分析的跳车对桥梁的振动影响

为研究在跳车情况下,车辆荷载对桥梁振动的影响,以一双塔斜拉桥模型为研究对象,建立考虑跳车情况的车-桥耦合振动试验系统。采用连续小波变换对主梁振动信号的时频特征及能量分布进行了研究,探讨了不同路面工况下跳车对桥梁的冲击作用,得到了不同部位发生跳车时桥梁振动的响应分布规律,为桥梁设计和安全运营提供了参考依据。     

多线地铁列车-高架桥耦合系统动力分析

为了对多线地铁高架桥的车桥耦合作用进行分析,基于ANSYS的参数设计语言（parametric design language,简称APDL）建立了能够考虑列车单双线行驶的地铁列车-桥耦合动力分析模型。以一座三跨四线地铁高架连续梁桥为研究对象,采用四动二拖6辆编组B型地铁列车模型,分析了地铁列车分别沿不同单双线运行时桥梁结构的动力响应。结果表明：地铁列车对桥梁的横向位移和加速度影响较小;双线对向运行时桥梁竖向位移和加速度响应峰值大于沿单线运行的情况;双线对向运行时桥梁关键截面内力响应峰值约为沿单线运行时内力代数叠加的67%～99%。所提出的数值模型和计算结果可以为多线地铁高架桥车桥耦合振动研究提供理论方法和评估依据。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.