认知性警戒作业绩效与刺激率、记忆负荷的关系

研究采用2种刺激率和3种记忆负荷条件,以击中率作为绩效测量指标,要求12名被试在不同条件下对CRT显示的数字奇偶性做出判断,考察了认知性警戒作业绩效与刺激率、记忆负荷的关系.实验结果表明：①刺激率是影响认知性警戒作业绩效的一个重要因素,低刺激率条件下的作业绩效显著地优于高刺激率条件下的作业绩效;②认知性警戒任务绩效也与记忆负荷有关,随着记忆负荷的增加,警戒水平呈下降趋势;③在高刺激率和单/双记忆负荷条件下,认知性警戒下降趋势更明显.     

视觉刺激诱发情绪的表达抑制研究

目的研究视觉刺激诱发情绪的表达抑制对表达行为、主观体验、生理反应等系统的影响,以及表达抑制与记忆的关系。方法以32名女性为被试,采用生理和心理实验法测量被试观看电影片段的表达行为、主观体验和生理反应变化及表达抑制对记忆任务绩效的影响。结果与控制组相比,抑制组被试表情行为被抑制但仍能体验所诱发的情绪,心率变异性和皮电水平显著增加,听觉信息记忆绩效下降。结论表达抑制不对主观体验起作用但会引起交感神经激活增加,并伴有一定程度的认知代价。     

图形复杂度和人格特征对视觉搜索绩效的影响

该研究以场独立性、场依存性被试各30名，探讨在不同图形复杂度下人格特征对视觉搜索绩效的影响。结果发现：在不同图形复杂度下，人格特征对视觉搜索绩效有显著影响；当干扰子或靶子图形的复杂度为高时，场独立性搜索绩效显著优于场依存性；靶子复杂度为低，干扰子复杂度为中、低时，场依存性被试的搜索绩效优于场独立性被试。     

驾驶绩效与视觉听觉干扰

本文结合调查问卷和模拟行车实验,研究了不同程度的视觉、听觉干扰对驾驶绩效和行车安全的影响,以及驾驶行为对脑力负荷的影响。运用统计检验方法对实验结果进行分析,结果表明:不同程度的视觉、听觉干扰对驾驶绩效和行车安全的影响有显著性差异;在复杂程度的干扰下,视觉较听觉对驾驶绩效的干扰程度更大;驾驶过程中的干扰行为对驾驶员脑力负荷有显著影响。     

柔和背景音乐对脑力劳动绩效的影响

该文采用17项神经行为能力测试,定量地测量人员的感知、记忆、推理等多方面能力,并结合对情绪、烦躁度以及头疼等病态综合症状的主观问卷调查,通过实验研究了柔和背景音乐对人员脑力劳动绩效的影响。结果表明,柔和、慢节奏的背景音乐对人员脑力劳动绩效和情绪没有积极作用,相反,在背景音乐环境下受试者的不舒适、耳痛和头疼症状有所增加,其复杂脑力劳动任务的绩效显著下降。因此,对从事复杂的、认知资源需求较高的脑力劳动的人,其工作环境中不宜添加背景音乐。     

不同呈现条件下景点信息内隐记忆的绩效研究

实验探讨了在不同呈现条件下阅读者对旅游景点获取的效果,旨在为网页和广告设计以及效果评估提供心理学依据。通过过程分离程序(PDP)的包含和排除测验计算超文本和线性文本的不同呈现条件下外显控制性加工和内隐自动化加工各自的贡献大小。结果表明：①超文本的内隐记忆绩效优于线性文本;②有图像的文本内隐记忆优于无图像文本;③超文本的外显记忆绩效优于线性文本;④外显控制性加工在同一阅读材料的不同呈现方式的记忆中无显著差异。结论：过程分离程序可以分离记忆的控制性加工和自动化加工,在设计一个网络时应考虑控制性加工效果和自动化加工效果。     

驾驶分心行为的测量方法及其应用研究进展

驾驶分心行为的研究以成为工程心理学的研究热点。本文概述了驾驶分心行为的测量方法,重点介绍了外周视觉任务检测法(PDT)的应用。外周视觉任务检测法(peripheral detection task,PDT)是一种近年来较流行的用来测量驾驶分心的方法,文章总结了使用PDT测量法的主要研究进展,PDT测量法可以应用于视觉分心和认知分心的各种研究中,并且在和其他方法的比较中,PDT测量法也显示出了较好的安全性和易用性,最后展望了驾驶分心行为的研究趋势。     

驾驶过程中手机使用的补偿式行为

驾驶员在驾车过程中使用手机会造成驾驶分心,研究驾驶中的补偿行为有助于降低驾驶分心造成的危害。通过模拟驾驶探究驾驶行为和生理指标在是否使用手机、不同路段复杂程度、不同驾驶员类型中的差异,从而使驾驶员注意到驾驶中使用手机的危害并及时采取措施,弥补驾驶分心带来的危害。研究结果表明,使用手机主效应在各项指标中均呈现显著影响(P<0.001),驾驶员类型主效应在阅读短信行为中的踩刹车持续时间上存在显著影响(P<0.01),使用手机与驾驶员类型交互作用在接听电话行为的心率、阅读短信行为中的平均速度、踩刹车持续时间和心率上存在显著影响(P<0.05)。比起接听免提电话,阅读短信时采取补偿行为的幅度更大(P<0.05);驾驶员比学员采取补偿行为的幅度更大(P<0.05)。     

驾驶分心的测量方法

驾驶分心是引起交通事故的一个重要原因。测量驾驶分心的方法可分为直接测量和间接测量，其中直接测量又包括眼动测量法和视觉遮挡测量法，间接测量包括外周视觉检测任务测量法。不同测量方法具有各自的特点，适合于不同的研究条件。     

车载智能终端使用对驾驶分心的影响

为了探究车载智能终端使用对于行车安全的影响,本文概述了近年来国内外相关研究现状,提出驾驶分心的定义及类型,将可能导致驾驶人分心的车载智能终端分为手机、导航设备、收音机与CD播放机四类,分析了各类车载智能终端对行车安全的影响,发现行车时使用车载智能终端的事故几率是正常情况的4-23倍,且与操作内容相关,其中视觉分心与操作分心极易发生事故,阐述了国内外相关驾驶分心法规政策及其警示产品,概括了驾驶分心常用研究方法和评价指标,呼吁监管部门加强宣教与执法,制订车载智能终端使用及界面设计标准,最后对驾驶分心未来研究提出展望。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.