Fe-Mo/Al_2O_3催化剂催化分解甲烷制备碳纳米管:温度对碳管结构的影响

利用化学气相沉积法,以Fe-Mo/Al_2O_3为催化剂,催化分解甲烷气体制备碳纳米管(CNTs).研究了温度,反应时间和气体流速对碳纳米管结构的影响.结果显示:温度是影响碳纳米管壁厚的关键参数.低温导致壁厚为2 nm～7 nm的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的生成.相对地,高温有利于双壁碳纳米管(DWCNTs)的生长,而更高的温度促使单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)的产生.进一步升高温度,得到了壁厚为3 nm～15 nm的MWCNTs和大的炭颗粒.     

浮游催化法半连续制取碳纳米管的研究

研究了浮浮催化法半连续制取碳纳米管的过程,根据透射电子显微镜等检测方法的结果,结合碳纳米管浮游催化的生长过程,论述了裂解温度、催化剂浓度,噻吩浓度等工艺参数对产物形态、产率及管径分布的影响,给出了正己烷为碳源情况下的最佳工艺参数。浮游催化法制的碳纳米管直径在３０ｎｍ－６０ｎｍ之间。     

Ho/Ni作为催化剂合成单壁碳纳米管

利用直流电弧等离子体方法，以Ho／Ni作为催化剂合成了单壁碳纳米管，借助扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和热重分析方法对所合成的单壁碳纳米管的形貌、结构以及含量进行了表征。电镜观察以及热重分析表明，收集到的大量网状物中单壁碳纳米管含量较高；不同激发波长拉曼测量表明碳纳米管直径分布比较集中，在1．35nm～1．69nm范围，且直径为1．5nm的碳纳米管占多数；与Ce／Ni等作为催化剂合成的单壁碳纳米管的直径分布不同。研究结果表明，Ho／Ni对于合成单壁碳纳米管具有很好的催化效果且影响管径分布，元素Ho对单壁碳纳米管的形成起到了重要的作用。     

浮动催化体系中碳纳米管的生长机理

提出了气相形核生长（VPN）机理解释浮动催化体系中碳纳米管的生长过程。浮动催化系统中生长碳纳米管的活性碳原子是由苯热解产生的,被硫原子部分覆盖的液态铁颗粒是单壁碳纳米管的形核中心,生成的单壁碳纳米管继续径向生长、逐渐石墨化后,得到多壁碳纳米管。气相形核生长机理能够解释浮动催化系统生长碳纳米管的结构特征。     

堇青石载镍催化剂对燃烧合成碳纳米管的影响

借助于硝酸镍溶液, 利用浸渍法在堇青石表面均匀负载镍催化剂颗粒, 在甲烷扩散火焰中活化并催化生成碳纳米 管. 实验结果表明, 生成的多壁碳纳米管直径为30～50nm, 长度约为十几微米, 空腔比较小, 管壁石墨结晶结构良好.提高浸渍液浓度, 催化剂颗粒尺寸明显变大, 但对碳纳米管的形态影响比较小. 延长浸渍时间, 可使催化剂颗粒密度提高, 碳纳米管出现成束生长现象. 结合碳管成核生长过程和火焰燃烧的特点, 探讨了催化剂对于碳纳米管生长的影响机制.     

单壁碳纳米管的制备及生长特性研究

采用Fe/MgO作为催化剂 ,催化裂解CH4制备了较纯的单壁碳纳米管 ,用TEM和Raman对碳纳米管进行了表征 ,对不同生长温度下制备的碳纳米管Raman径向呼吸振动峰 (RBM)进行了分析 ,研究了生长温度对单壁碳纳米管生长特性和结构特性的影响     

定向碳纳米管阵列在石英玻璃基底上的模板化生长研究

分别以带有刻痕的石英玻璃和溅射过Au膜的石英玻璃为生长基底,通过催化裂解二茂铁和二甲苯混合物的方法,在基底上制备出了模板化的定向碳纳米管(CNT)阵列,扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)观察表明:在这两种基底上生长的定向碳纳米管阵列的模板化程度都很高,其中的碳纳米管多为直径在20～50nm的多壁管(MWNT),且具有很好的定向性。本文还分析、对比了基底材料对定向碳纳米管生长的影响,初步探讨了定向碳纳米管模板化生长的形成机制。     

垂直定向螺旋碳纳米管阵列的大量合成（英文）

以二甲苯作为碳源、二茂铁作为催化剂前驱体,采用催化裂解法大规模合成了具有不同螺距和螺旋直径、垂直于基底生长的碳纳米管阵列。通过拉曼光谱和高分辨透射电镜测试分析,结果表明,所制备的碳纳米管阵列分布均匀、石墨化程度高,且沿其长度方向具有不同的螺距和螺旋直径。由于在碳纳米管的生长过程中,会伴随着碳五环、碳七环与碳六环的生成,而碳六环是形成石墨晶格的基本结构单元。当碳六环网络结构中出现碳五环和碳七环时,螺旋形的碳纳米管就会形成。实验中螺旋形碳纳米管的产率约为4.5 mg/cm~2·h。螺旋形碳纳米管在高性能传感器、谐振器、纳米机械弹簧、电感等纳米电子器件中具有潜在的应用价值。     

碳化硅纳米晶须生长和显微结构

采用两步生长生在碳化硅纳米晶须，首先是二氧化硅与硅反应生成一氧化硅，再与碳纳米管先驱体反应生成β－ＳｉＣ纳米晶须，其直径为３～３５ｎｍ，长度为２～２０μｍ，用高分辨透射电镜研究晶须形貌，显微结构，讨论了碳化硅纳米晶须生长机制。     

氢气流量对定向碳纳米管生长的影响及其生长机理研究

采用催化热解法,以二茂铁和二甲苯分别作为催化剂和碳源,在不同H2流量下,直接在硅基底上生长定向碳纳米管阵列.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对样品进行观察和表征,并研究了H2流量对定向碳纳米管生长的影响和碳纳米管定向生长的机理.结果表明:H2在反应过程中起刻蚀作用,H2流量为60cm3/min时,生长的碳纳米管定向性最好.     

含碳纳米管微波吸收材料的制备及其微波吸收性能研究

用竖式炉流动法,以二茂铁为催化剂,噻吩为助催化剂,苯为碳源通过催化裂解反应制备了碳纳米管,碳纳米管的外径为20-50nm,内径10-30nm,长度50-1000μm.分别以碳纳米管、羰基铁粉、碳纳米管与羰基铁粉的混合物为吸收剂制备了微波吸收材料,研究了上述三种微波吸收材料在2-18GHz的吸波性能,与纯碳纳米管和纯羰基铁粉微波吸收材料相比, 碳纳米管与羰基铁粉复合微波吸收材料在2-18GHz的吸收峰明显向低频移动.在含碳纳米管的微波吸收材料中,碳纳米管作为偶极子在交变电场的作用下,产生极化电流,电磁波的能量转换为其他形式的能量,瑞利散射效应和界面极化也是含碳纳米管微波吸收材料的主要吸波机理.     

镀镍碳纳米管的微波吸收性能研究

用竖式炉流动法制备了碳纳米管,碳纳米管的外径40nm～70nm,内径7nm～10nm,长度50μm～1000μm,呈直线型,用化学镀法在碳纳米管表面镀上了一层均匀的金属镍。碳纳米管吸波涂层在厚度为0.97mm时,在8GHz～18GHz,最大吸收峰在11.4GHz(R=-22.89dB),R<-10dB的频宽为3.0Hz,R<-5dB的频宽为4.7GHz。镀镍碳纳米管吸波涂层在相同厚度下,最大吸收峰在14GHz(R=-11.85dB),R<-10dB的频宽为2.23Hz,R<-5dB的频宽为4.6GHz。碳纳米管表面镀镍后虽然吸收峰值变小,但吸收峰有宽化的趋势,这种趋势对提高材料的吸波性能是有利的。碳纳米管作为偶极子在电磁场的作用下,会产生耗散电流,在周围基体作用下,耗散电流被衰减,从而雷达波能量被转换为其它形式的能量。     

镀Ni-P和Ni-N合金碳纳米管的磁性能及其复合材料的微波吸收性能

用竖式炉流动法,以二茂铁为催化剂,噻吩为助催化剂,苯为碳源通过催化裂解反应在1100~1200℃制备了直线形碳纳米管,外径为20~50 nm,内径10~30 nm,长度50~1000 μm。用化学镀工艺在碳纳米管表面均匀包覆了Ni-P和Ni-N合金,研究了它们的磁性能及其环氧树脂基复合材料在2~18 GHz的微波吸收性能。与纯碳纳米管相比,镀Ni-P合金碳纳米管复合材料的吸收峰向高频移动,镀Ni-P和Ni-N合金碳纳米管经热处理后,复合材料的吸收峰向低频移动。镀Ni-P合金碳纳米管以及镀Ni-P和Ni-N合金经热处理碳纳米管的矫顽力分别为304.34 Oe、 81.65 Oe、 183.85 Oe。随着矫顽力的增加,在2~18 GHz,复合材料的微波吸收峰向高频移动。在复合材料中,碳纳米管以及镀Ni-P和Ni-N合金的碳纳米管作为偶极子吸收微波。      

催化裂解聚苯乙烯制备碳纳米管的研究

通过在60℃氮气气氛中催化裂解聚苯乙烯,制备了大量管径为5～40nm的高质量的碳纳米管.利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和拉曼光谱对所制备的碳纳米管进行了表征.研究表明,所制备的碳纳米管石墨化程度高,在碳纳米管的管壁上仅有少量的无定形碳存在.催化裂解聚苯乙烯制备碳纳米管是一种有前途、低成本的绿色化学方法.     

Measuring the work function of carbon nanotubes with thermionic method

The work function of carbon nanotubes might depend on their diameters and the number of walls, and be different for their tips and sidewalls. Here we report the work function measurement of single-walled, double-walled, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes by investigating the thermionic emission from the middle of their bundles. It is found that the sidewall work functions of the three kinds of carbon nanotubes are all around 4.7-4.9 eV; the diameter and the numbers of walls have no obvious influence on their work functions. For the carbon nanotube bundle with some tips appearing in the middle, the measured work function is smaller than without tips, indicating that the work function of tips is smaller than that of the sidewalls. This tip effect also results in a difference in the thermionic emission characteristic, implying non-uniform work function distribution along the bundle.     

The growth of aligned carbon nanotubes on quartz substrate by spray pyrolysis of hexane

Vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes were grown by spray pyrolysis of hexane as the carbon source in the presence of ferrocene as catalyst precursor on a quartz substrate. In recent work we used optimal experimental parameters for the feeding method, reactor conditions, reaction temperature and time, concentration of catalyst and flow rate of feed and gas. The process parameters were chosen so as to obtain multiwall carbon nanotubes and aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes. The tubes are around 15-80?nm in diameter. The morphology and structure of the samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses.     

Carbon Nanotubes as an Ultrafast Emitter with a Narrow Energy Spread at Optical Frequency

Ultrafast electron pulses, combined with laser‐pump and electron‐probe technologies, allow ultrafast dynamics to be characterized in materials. However, the pursuit of simultaneous ultimate spatial and temporal resolution of microscopy and spectroscopy is largely subdued by the low monochromaticity of the electron pulses and their poor phase synchronization to the optical excitation pulses. Field‐driven photoemission from metal tips provides high light‐phase synchronization, but suffers large electron energy spreads (3–100 eV) as driven by a long wavelength laser (>800 nm). Here, ultrafast electron emission from carbon nanotubes (≈1 nm radius) excited by a 410 nm femtosecond laser is realized in the field‐driven regime. In addition, the emitted electrons have great monochromaticity with energy spread as low as 0.25 eV. This great performance benefits from the extraordinarily high field enhancement and great stability of carbon nanotubes, superior to metal tips. The new nanotube‐based ultrafast electron source opens exciting prospects for extending current characterization to sub‐femtosecond temporal resolution as well as sub‐nanometer spatial resolution.     

Synthesis of CNTs via ethanol decomposition over ball-milled Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> coated copper sheets

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized on ball-milled Fe₂O₃ coated copper sheets by the catalytic decomposition of ethanol vapor at 650°C. TEM, SEM, and EDX revealed the presence of 30–50 nm diameter multiwalled carbon nanotubes with catalytic particles at their tips. CNTs, α-Fe, and Fe₃C were detected by XRD. Raman and TG analyses show that the product is CNTs with less than 10 wt % residues. The carbon yield was the maximum at 354 wt %. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

工业级原料制备碳纳米管的研究

为降低碳纳米管批量制备的原料成本,以焦化苯和二茂铁为主要原料(工业级),采用浮游催化热解法制备碳纳米管,用TEM、SEM、Raman、XRD等对产物的形貌和结构进行观察和表征,着重讨论了二茂铁的分解温度和苯的挥发温度对碳纳米管的制备及其形貌的影响,并对其影响机理进行了分析.研究表明:在噻吩体积分数为0.55 mL/100 mL苯、炉膛反应温度为1170℃的前提下,当二茂铁的分解温度为150℃、苯的挥发温度为50℃时,用工业级原料完全可以制备出碳纳米管,此时,碳纳米管的内径分布在0.88~1.15 nm.     

Synthesis of carbon and carbon–nitrogen nanotubes using green precursor: jatropha-derived biodiesel

The jatropha-derived biodiesel, a green precursor was found to be a new and promising precursor for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon–nitrogen (C–N) nanotubes. The CNTs and C–N nanotubes have been synthesised by spray pyrolysis of biodiesel with ferrocene and ferrocene–acetonitrile, respectively, at elevated temperature under an argon atmosphere. The typical length and diameter of as-grown CNTs are 20?µm and 20–50?nm, respectively. The C–N nanotubes are found in bundles with effective length of ～30?µm and diameter ranging between 30 and 60?nm with bamboo-shaped morphology. The as-grown CNTs and C–N nanotubes were characterised through scanning and transmission electron microscopes, X-ray photoelectron, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. These investigations revealed that the nanotubes synthesised by jatropha-derived biodiesel are clean from carbonaceous impurities and the bamboo compartment formations in C–N nanotubes are due to nitrogen incorporation. The nitrogen concentration in C–N nanotubes decreases with the increase in synthesis temperature.