基于改进关联聚类算法的网络异常数据挖掘

为解决传统关联聚类算法挖掘网络异常数据时间复杂度高、精确度不理想等问题,提出Spark-MML聚类算法。为Apriori关联规则算法设计并行化频繁项集挖掘环境,使用兴趣度约束与支持度自适应策略挖掘网络数据特征量强关联规则;利用可变网格的局部离群点检测算法剔除K-means聚类离群点,基于最大最小距离确定聚类中心及数值K,将网络数据分为异常和非异常。测试结果表明,该方法避免聚类中心选取陷入局部最优,降低了异常数据挖掘的时间复杂度,有效节约算法运行空间,是一种可靠的网络异常数据挖掘方法。     

基于聚类划分的两阶段离群点检测算法

针对基于距离的离群点检测算法受全局阈值的限制, 只能检测全局离群点, 提出了基于聚类划分的两阶段离群点检测算法挖掘局部离群点。首先基于凝聚层次聚类迭代出K-means所需的k值, 然后再利用K-means的方法将数据集划分成若干个微聚类; 其次为了提高挖掘效率, 提出基于信息熵的聚类过滤机制, 判定微聚类中是否包含离群点; 最后从包含离群点的微聚类中利用基于距离的方法挖掘出相应的局部离群点。实验结果表明, 该算法效率高、检测精度高、时间复杂度低。     

基于聚类分析局部离群点挖掘改进算法的研究与实现

对于犯罪检测、网络入侵检测等应用,离群点检测是数据挖掘的一种重要算法.局部离群因子是对数据对象离群点的程度定义,计算所有数据对象局部离群因子需要大量计算. 一种基于聚类分析局部离群点挖掘改进算法得以实现,此改进算法以聚类分析为预处理,只对聚类之外的数据对象计算局部离群因子,避免了大量计算,并改进了对数据对象k距离邻域的求解.通过仿真数据和轨道交通AFC(automatic fare collecting system)客流数据的实验,证实此改进算法不仅能更高效地挖掘出值得关注的离群点,而且还能更好地达到解析目的.     

一种改进的粗k 均值聚类算法

Lingras提出的粗K均值聚类算法易受随机初始聚类中心和离群点的影响,可能出现一致性和无法收敛的聚类结果.对此,提出一种改进的粗K均值算法,选择潜能最大的K个对象作为初始的聚类中心,根据数据对象与聚类中心的相对距离来确定其上下近似归属,使边界区域的划分更合理.定义了广义分类正确率,该指标同时考虑了下近似集和边界区域中的对象,评价算法性能更准确.仿真实验结果表明,该算法分类正确率高,收敛速度快,能够克服离群点的不利影响.     

基于共享反K近邻的局部离群点检测算法

离群点检测和分析离群模式隐含的特征是离群点挖掘的重要研究内容.现有离群点检测算法存在两个明显的不足:根据离群度检测离群点,难以确定离群点的数量;忽略了与离群点邻接的聚类信息,不能提供解析离群模式的有效证据.为此,提出一种基于共享反K近邻的离群点检测算法,首先定义了一种对密度和维数变化不敏感的共享反K近邻相似度,然后应用聚类方法将数据集划分为聚类簇和包含离群点的离群簇,从而获取数据集中的离群点及解析离群点的聚类结构.仿真结果表明,反K近邻算法比现有方法更能精确地检测数据集中的局部离群点,具有很好的控制性能.     

神经网络技术下多尺度时序数据离群点挖掘

在大量的网络数据中,可能隐藏着少许攻击序列,离群点是由异常机制产生,不服从数据的普遍分布规律,设计一个基于神经网络的多尺度时序数据离群点挖掘方法。采用对象与其类别聚类中心的相似度来测量对象属于聚类的程度,确定检测对象的邻域,采用神经网络技术对多尺度时序数据离群点挖掘,初始化BP神经网络,基于网络的实际输出和预期输出,判断网络的停止条件,不断迭代上述基于神经网络的计算过程,直至所有的离群点挖掘完毕,以此完成多尺度时序数据离群点挖掘。实验结果表明,提高了挖掘准确性,还提高了离群点挖掘效率。     

K 均值算法改进及在网络入侵检测中的应用

研究保证网络安全有效阻止入侵行为,针对网络入侵检测问题,传统 K 均值聚类算法在网络入侵检测应用过程中,存在对聚类中心初始值敏感、易陷入局部最优值等不足,从而使网络入侵检测正确率低,误检测率高难题.为了提高检测准确性,提出一种改进的 K 均值聚类网络入检测算法.采用有效指数法自动调整初始聚类数,降低了检测结果对初始聚类数的依赖,可通过自适应最佳密度半径函数来选择聚类中心,降低聚类中心对检测结果不利影响,加快聚类速度,最后通过最优初始聚类数 K 和聚类中心对网络入侵进行检测.在 Manab 平台上,采用改进算法对 KDD 99 网络入侵数据进行测试,实验结果表明,改进的 K 均值聚类算法提高了网络入侵检测正确率,误检率降低,为网络检测优化提供有效参考.     

一种基于多重聚类的离群点检测算法

在LDOF算法的基础上,提出一种基于多重聚类的离群点检测算法PMLDOF。该算法针对局部离群度量计算量大的缺点,采用聚类剪枝技术作为减少计算量的方法;同时,为了避免将位于簇边缘的离群点错剪,算法利用多重聚类的差异性对簇的边缘点进行筛选。在对数据集进行剪枝后,计算剩余数据的局部离群度LDOF,并找出符合条件的离群数据点。实验结果表明,算法在时间复杂度和检测精度上具有更好的优越性。     

基于邻域密度的异构数据局部离群点挖掘算法

由于数据集规模、维数,以及复杂程度的不断提高,导致对其离群点的挖掘难度越来越大,提出了基于邻域密度的局部离群点挖掘算法.首先依据节点计算性能对高维数据进行区域分割,通过各个维度的数据分布来评价区域分割的效果.然后采取核密度来描述局部密度,根据高斯分布得到数据出现次数,进一步计算出数据邻域密度.再由邻域及密度关系计算得到各数据离群度,从而判断异构数据中的离群点.最后针对可能存在的离群误判情况,采取离群分数计算,为增强此过程的检测性能,利用权重进行剪枝处理.人工与UCI数据集上的仿真结果表明,当数据量和数据维数改变时,算法对离群点挖掘的准确度几乎不受影响,挖掘时间和覆盖率指标也显著优于其它方法;同时对于不同类型和复杂度的异构数据,算法仍然保持良好的挖掘准确度和效率.     

基于改进的OPTICS聚类和LOPW的离群数据检测算法

针对现有的离群数据检测算法时间复杂度过高,且检测质量不佳的不足,提出一种新的基于改进的OPTICS聚类和LOPW的离群数据检测算法。首先,使用改进的OPTICS聚类算法对原始数据集进行预处理,筛选由聚类形成的可达图得到初步离群数据集;然后,利用新定义的基于P权值的局部离群因子LOPW计算初步离群数据集中对象的离群程度,计算距离时引入去一划分信息熵增量确定属性的权重,提高离群检测准确性。实验结果表明,改进后的算法不仅提高了运算效率,而且提高了对离群数据检测的精确度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。