基于视觉掩盖的码分多址水印算法

本文提出了基于视觉掩盖的的码分多址水印算法,利用视觉掩盖在小波变换域完成水印的嵌入.采用水印估计的方法提取水印信号,实现了不需要原始图像完全恢复出水印信号的水印盲检测,进一步提高了数字产品版权认定的可靠性.     

一种改进的数字图像扩频水印技术

提出了一种改进的数字图像扩频水印技术。该算法将水印序列经过伪随机序列扩展频谱后，根据图像本身的亮度掩盖特性和DCT域的频率掩盖特性，计算出图像子块不同部分的最小掩盖阈值，由此在图象的不同部分嵌入不同强度的水印，从而在保证水印不可视的前提下，提高了算法的鲁棒性，使其对JPEG压缩、中值滤波等攻击具有很好的抵抗能力。     

基于人类视觉的混沌阵列在图像上的水印算法

本文提出了一种新的使用混沌阵列,基于HVS视觉掩盖自适应的公开图像水印算法,利用四阶累积量定义了视觉掩盖中的噪声敏感度.该方法将混沌阵列作为水印嵌入到图像子块的DCT次低频系数中去,然后根据噪声敏感度进行视觉掩盖.实验结果表明,在噪声敏感度的作用下,视觉掩盖实现了自适应地调整水印嵌入强度;在无原始数据的情况下,通过使用密钥能够清晰地检测出水印的存在;在常见的信号失真和几何失真下(有损压缩,剪切等),水印具有很好的稳健性.     

图像小波变换低频域的水印嵌入与检测算法

数字水印是数字媒体版权保护的有效手段。文章详细分析了小波域图像水印嵌入策略，提出一种小波域透明图像水印算法，算法选择图像经过小波多分辨率分解后的低频子带作为水印嵌入区域，并利用人眼视觉掩蔽特性对水印的添加强度进行自适应调节。实验获得了良好的结果。     

基于亮度和纹理特征的可见水印技术

数字水印是一种多媒体数字产品版权保护技术。分析了可见水印应具有的特性，提出了基于图像亮度和纹理特征的自适应可见水印方案。采用YUV颜色模型，只对Y分量水印嵌入，以同时适用于彩色或灰度图像。水印嵌入因子是由图像的局部亮度和纹理特征确定，可在满足水印特性的前提下，增加水印嵌入强度，提高水印鲁棒性。试验表明：嵌入水印的图像对中值滤波、有损压缩、加入随机噪声后再滤波等攻击性操作具有较强的鲁棒性，在保持灰度直方图分布基本不变的基础上更加平滑集中，说明水印和原图的统计特性较一致，想在不损坏图像使用质量的前提下，去除或毁坏图像中的可见水印是很困难的。     

基于离散运算的鲁棒数字图像双水印算法研究

为了使水印具有更好的鲁棒性和更广泛的应用性,提出了一种在数字图像内嵌入字符和伪随机数的双水印算法。算法利用人眼视觉掩盖特性,根据要嵌入的水印大小自适应地选择原始图像小波逼近子图中纹理信息丰富的图像子块,通过对这些图像子块小波系数的二值离散修改同时实现字符和伪随机数水印的嵌入,避免了现有双水印方案中2个水印先后嵌入或嵌入在不同图像区域内对宿主图像视觉质量的严重影响。实验结果表明,嵌入的水印不仅具有很好的不可觉察性,而且又有比较理想的鲁棒性,能免疫于加噪、滤波、JPEG压缩和裁剪等常规图像处理方法的有限攻击。     

基于混沌加密和HVS的数字水印算法

本文提出一种基于混沌加密和人类视觉特性(HVS)的数字水印算法。首先将含有版权信息的二值图像水印，利用混沌序列进行加密，使水印嵌入方案具有一定的安全性。然后根据视觉特性，将一位水印信息自适应地嵌入一棵小波树的重要系数中。通过实验证明：该算法得到的水印图像对噪声和常见的图像处理(尤其是JPEG压缩)有较好的鲁棒性和不可见性。     

一种基于图像融合的数字水印方案

数字水印是一种新型的多媒体信息版权保护技术，它是在多媒体信息中嵌入标志版权信息的不可感知且难以去除的水印信息，通过检测水印信息来进行版权保护及盗版跟踪，从而有效地弥补了数字加密技术的不足之处。提出了一种具有良好鲁棒性的数字水印方案。由于该方案利用人眼视觉系统把数字水印嵌入到图像的视觉重要区域中，对水印的破坏将会非常困难。     

基于混沌序列的DWT域图像水印算法

数字媒体版权保护已经变得十分迫切和必要,有效的盗版确认方法是实现版权保护的前提。本文提出一种基于混沌序列加密的频率域数字图像水印算法,先将二值图像水印信号采用混沌序列加密,然后再通过另外一个混沌序列控制水印嵌入在小波变换域系数中位置,实现小波系数中隐藏不可见水印的技术。实验结果表明,该项技术具有非常好的安全性;水印提取在DWT域中进行,不需要原始图像;该方法嵌入的水印不可见性好,对JPEG-2000压缩、图像剪切和图像加噪声攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

一种基于小波多分辩率数据组合的文字水印方案

本文利用人眼视觉掩蔽特性,通过组合静态图像和文字水印对应方向上的小波细节子图数据,提出了一种基于小波多分辩率数据组合的在静态图像上嵌入文字水印的方案.借助于原始图像,能方便、可靠地检测出嵌入的文字水印.同时,对水印图像进行退化处理模拟实验表明,嵌入的文字水印具有很好的稳健性.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.