激光熔覆Ni-Cr-Si-B-C系合金层微观组织和性能研究

本工作在奥氏体不锈钢等基材上激光熔覆镍基硬面合金，对其工艺、微观组织和性能进行了较深入的研究。通过扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射仪、金相等微观分析方法研究，对快速凝固激光熔覆合金层的非平衡态微观组织特性、形成条件与其性能关系有较深入的了解。结果表明，合金层微观组织为超细的共晶组织，在含Ｃｒ、Ｓｉ、Ｃ、Ｂ元素过饱和γＮｉ（Ｆｅ）奥氏体基体中，均匀分布着细小的树枝状碳化物、硼化物及硅化物；获得这种特殊的快速凝固非平衡态超细共晶组织及与基材的良好冶金结合是它具有良好的力学性能和耐磨耐蚀使用性能的关键。     

球铁激光表面重熔组织热处理制备新型铁基耐磨材料

对球墨铸铁激光表面重熔／快速凝固组织进行处理，使亚稳相快速凝固共晶渗碳体部分转变为石墨，成功地制得了既含快速凝固共晶渗碳体又含弥散石墨的新型多相铁基耐磨材料。     

激光气相合成氧化铁超细粉

本文采用激光气相反应法，以脉冲ＣＯ２激光器为光源、Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）２／Ｏ２为反应物，合成了Ｆｅ２Ｏ３超细粉，并发现制备的γ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３超细粉呈规则的正多边形晶体，研究了该粉体生成的条件和特性，本法具有良好的工业应用前景。     

45钢激光渗硼后的显微组织及相结构分析

用扫描电子显微镜和Ｘ射线衍射仪对４５钢激光渗硼层的显微组织和相结构进行了分析，结果表明４５钢激光渗硼后，渗硼区的显微组织：表层为胞晶组织，次表层为树枝晶组织，再往里为共晶组织。渗硼区组织的相组成为α－Ｆｅ、ＦｅＢ、Ｆｅ２Ｂ、Ｆｅ３（Ｃ·Ｂ）及Ｂ４Ｃ相等。不同显微组织中各相所占比例不同，因而导致各区显微硬度不同。     

STUDY FOR MECHANICAL ALLOYING OF Fe─M BY MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY

将Ｆｅ－Ｍ（Ｍ＝Ｃ５ＳｉＯ２Ａｌ２Ｏ３）混合物在Ａｒ中高能球磨５６ｇ后测量Ｍｏｓｂａｕｅｒ谱，结果表明，（Ｆｅ）２－（ＳｉＯ２）１仍为Ｆｅ和ＳｉＯ２的机械混合物：（Ｆｅ）６－（Ｃ）３已完全合金化，生成两种Ｆｅ３Ｃ；（Ｆｅ）２－（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）１则成为Ｆｅ（７３％），尖晶石型的ＦｅＡｌ２Ｏ４）２２％），ｑｑｎｔＦｅ的团聚族（５％）和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合物。     

球铁激光表面WC合金化区TEM观察

本文采用透射电镜对球墨铸铁激光表面ＷＣ合金化区的微细组织进行了详细观察，结果表明，合金化区内存在ＷＣ、Ｆｅ３Ｃ、Ｍ（马氏体）、γ（残余奥氏体）等相。同时还发现Ｆｅ３Ｃ上形成很多层错，ＷＣ上存在大量点状物。     

（Ni,Fe）Al金属间化合物的快速凝固组织与室温塑性

用单辊快速凝固法制备（ＮｉＦｅ）Ａｌ金属间化合物并研究其组织与室温塑性。结果表明，Ａｌ－４５Ｎｉ－５Ｆｅ（原子分散）在快速凝固条件下可形成内部为亚微米级针状亚晶的等轴晶粒，具有高达３．１％的弯曲塑性，Ａｌ－３５Ｎｉ－１５Ｆｅ和Ａｌ－２５Ｎｉ－２５Ｆｅ的快凝组织则为柱状晶，弯曲塑性仅有１．１％１．０％，针状亚晶是一定成分的（Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ）Ａｌ在快速凝固条件下形成的亚稳相，其形成机制和快速凝固过程中原子     

Cu和Nb对非晶态Fe—Si─B合金等温晶化过程的影响

采用示差扫描量热卡计（ＤＳＣ）得到了非晶态Ｆｅ─Ｓｉ─Ｂ合金加入Ｃｕ和Ｎｂ后的等温晶化放热曲线，结合Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）分析，明确了Ｃｕ和Ｎｂ在形成纳米α─Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）晶体相时的作用．此外，非晶态Ｆｅ（７６．５）Ｓｉ（１３．５）Ｂ９Ｃｕ１和Ｆｅ（７３．５）Ｓｉ（１３．５）Ｂ９Ｃ１Ｎｂ３等温晶化的α─Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）放热峰呈明显的非对称形状     

石墨及其涂层材料性能的研究

本文在改制后的ＬＡＳ－２０００表面分析设备上对ＳＭＦ８００，Ｇ３石墨和（ＳｉＣ＋Ｃ）／Ｃ涂层石墨的真空出气性能和Ｄ＾＋束辐照化学增强腐蚀性能进行了分析研究。研究表明：ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置第一壁选择ＳＭＦ８００石墨及其处理工艺及合理，正确的。     

THE ORDERING OF THE α-Fe(Si)PHASE IN Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9 ANNEALED ALLOY

用ＸＲＤ法研究了退火Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９合金中α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）晶化相的有序化过程，结果表明，Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９非晶合金在４９０℃，１ｈ退火后，α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）晶化相是具有ＤＯ３结构的有序相，有序畴为球形，直径为７．０ｎｍ，它随退炎温度的升颃是长大，在５９０℃退火后达１０．９ｎｍ，与α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）的尺寸相当，此时α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）的有序度为０．８，在８５０℃     

Nd:YAG激光与半导体激光复合焊接对铝合金焊缝组织和性能的影响

目的 提高铝合金的焊缝抗拉强度,解决铝合金焊接过程中的裂纹缺陷。方法 采用脉冲Nd:YAG激光与半导体激光复合焊接铝合金,先用Nd:YAG激光形成焊接熔池,然后用半导体激光对熔池进行加热保温,获得无裂纹的焊缝,并对焊缝进行抗拉强度测试。结果 与单独的Nd:YAG激光焊接相比,Nd:YAG激光与半导体激光复合焊接的铝合金焊缝抗拉强度提高了50%,达到193 MPa,为母材抗拉强度的90%。结论 2束激光的结合延长了熔池的冷却凝固时间,从而有效避免了热裂纹,减少了焊接缺陷,提高了焊接质量。     

Rapidly Solidified Microstructure in Laser Alloyed Ni-Al Layer by TEM,STEM z-contrast and HRTEM Techniques

In the present study, laser alloying of electroless Nie P coating on aluminum substrate was conducted using Nd：YAG pulsed laser under the condition of 5.36 109W/m2 in power density and 3.0 mm/s in scanning speed. The rapidly solidified microstructure in the alloyed layer was studied. The results showed that the alloying element distributed in the alloyed layer is inhomogeneous. The dendrite containing relatively high Ni was identified as Al3Ni phase and the areas between the dendrites are rich in Al content. Featureless with cell structure in Al-rich areas was firstly displayed by z-contrast image. Amorphous structure was revealed to exist in Al-rich areas.     

Doubly Q-switched tape casting YAG/Nd:YAG/YAG ceramic laser

A doubly Q-switched 1.06 μm pulsed laser using a novel tape casting YAG/Nd:YAG/YAG composite ceramic with a sandwich structure was demonstrated for the first time. Compared to purely acousto-optical (AO) Q-switching, this laser using an AO Q-switch and Cr⁴⁺:YAG saturable absorber simultaneously can generate shorter pulses. The pulsed laser performance was investigated at two modulated repetition rates of 10 and 20 kHz.     

Effect of laser welding parameters on fusion zone morphological,mechanical and microstructural characteristics of AISI 304 stainless steel

Nowadays, the Nd:YAG laser has been a promising key tool for joining thin components. In this research, mechanical and microstructural properties of laser welded thin austenitic stainless steel sheets were investigated with experimental investigations, as a function of laser welding parameters. Butt welded joints were made using a Nd:YAG laser in the pulsed wave mode. The appropriate laser welding parameters were found in order to obtain quality and strong weld seam. The pulsed laser seam welding process is controlled by a variety of parameters. We focus on the effects of the several processing parameters on mechanical and microstructural characteristics of joint and weld quality. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of these processing parameters on joint strength and microstructure. And also we examined the weldability of stainless steels in butt joint configuration by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam.     

Repair of directionally solidified superalloy GTD-111 by laser-engineered net shaping

GTD-111 directionally solidified superalloy was repaired by the Nd:YAG laser based laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) process. Selection of process parameters are discussed against the formation of deposits and occurrence of defects. Formation of microfissures, porosity, lack of fusion, and stray crystals in the deposit zone was studied. It was identified that formation of stray crystals in the directionally solidified alloy could be due to two types of sources: the shape of the melt pool, and the existence of second-phase particles at the melt pool fusion boundary.     

碳原料结构对激光法合成纳米金刚石的影响

为了确定在较低激光能量密度下（10^6W／cm^2）激光法合成纳米金刚石最适宜的碳原料，研究了三种结构不同的碳原料（炭黑、片状石墨、土状石墨）对合成纳米金刚石的影响，采用拉曼光谱对碳原料的结构进行了分析，结果显示炭黑、土状石墨和片状石墨这三种碳原料的结晶程度依次增强，用Nd：YAG脉冲激光分别轰击不同碳原料的悬浮液，实验产物的透射电镜分析显示在激光照射炭黑和片状石墨的产物中没有金刚石生成，而在激光照射石墨的产物中发现了立方结构的金刚石，其颗粒尺寸约为5Bin．因此，在10^6W／cm^2的脉冲激光作用下，无序炭黑和结晶较完整的片状石墨均不利于合成金刚石，只有有序化程度适中的土状石墨有利于合成金刚石．     

Efficient pulsed 946-nm laser emission from Nd:YAG pumped by a titanium-doped sapphire laser

Efficient pulsed room-temperature laser emission at 946 nm is obtained from a Nd:YAG rod pumped by a Ti-doped sapphire laser in the free-running mode. Three bonded YAG rods of 3-mm diameter with different Nd concentrations and active lengths were tested. A maximum output energy of 83.5 mJ at 3 Hz was obtained with a slope efficiency of 32.3% in an end-pumping configuration.     

Focus control system for laser welding

We describe a focus control system for Nd:YAG laser welding based on an optical sensor incorporated into the fiber delivery system to detect light generated by the process. This broadband light is separated into two wavelength bands, and simple electronic processing gives a signal proportional to focal error as a result of chromatic aberrations in the optical delivery system. Focus control is demonstrated for bead-on-plate welds in different thicknesses of titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, mild steel, and stainless steel. The control system works for both pulsed and continuous laser radiation.     

激光双面区熔Al2O3/Y3Al5O12共晶自生复合陶瓷的制备与表征

采用激光区熔凝固技术制备大尺寸Al2O3/Y3Al5O12(YAG)共晶自生复合陶瓷,考察双面区熔条件下大尺寸氧化物共晶陶瓷的熔化及凝固成形规律,采用扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射对其凝固组织特征进行了表征和分析.研究结果表明:在优化的凝固工艺下,激光双面区熔增加了熔凝层的厚度,获得了熔凝层厚度8.2 mm,长度65.0 mm,致密度达98.5%±1%的Al2O3/YAG共晶陶瓷;共晶熔凝层厚度随激光扫描速率的减小而增加,随激光功率的增大而增大,并且致密度随着激光功率的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势;双面区熔后的Al2O3/YAG共晶陶瓷微观组织由均一分布、相互交织的Al2O3和YAG共晶相组成,共晶层片间距较小(1.0~3.5μm),且与凝固速度满足Jackson-Hunt公式;共晶间距随扫描速率的增大逐渐减小;双面区熔界面处共晶组织生长具有连续性,界面结合良好;共晶陶瓷的Vickers硬度为(18.6±1.0)GPa.