雌激素低下动物模型研究

目的研究雌激素低下大鼠模型对更年期综合征的模拟程度,为建立我国"辅助改善更年期综合征的功能学评价方法"提供依据。方法以雌二醇(0.2mg/kg)为阳性物,用大鼠建立雌激素低下模型,测定大鼠尾温和血清雌二醇、卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素、β-内啡肽的浓度,观察这些指标对更年期综合征相应指标的模拟程度,并用不同剂量的大豆异黄酮(50、100、200mg/kg)对该模型进行验证。结果试验期间雌激素低下模型组大鼠尾温显著升高,雌二醇和不同剂量大豆异黄酮均不同程度地降低大鼠尾温。试验结束时,雌激素低下模型组大鼠雌激素水平显著低于对照组、雌二醇组和各剂量大豆异黄酮组;雌激素低下模型组大鼠黄体生成素水平显著升高,雌二醇组和高剂量大豆异黄酮显著降低血清黄体生成素水平;雌激素低下模型组血清卵泡刺激素的水平显著高于其他各组,而β-内啡肽的水平显著低于其他各组。结论雌激素低下大鼠模型能够较好地模拟更年期综合征,大豆异黄酮能够一定程度地改善该模型造成的更年期综合征。     

一种蛹虫草配伍的新工艺酒对小鼠免疫功能调节作用研究

研究一种蛹虫草配伍的新工艺酒对Balb/c小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。雄性Balb/c小鼠200只随机均分为5组:水对照组、基酒对照组和新工艺酒低、中、高剂量组,每日灌胃20 mL/kg·bw,连续30 d对各组分别灌胃灭菌水、15%vol基酒、8.33 m L/kg·bw、16.67 mL/kg·bw、33.33 mL/kg·bw新工艺酒,依据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》进行免疫功能评价。结果表明,在小鼠血清溶血素抗体积数检测中,新工艺酒中、高剂量组与水对照组和基酒对照组相比,其抗体积数有显著增加(P0.05)。在小鼠NK细胞活性率测定实验中,低、中剂量组与水对照组和基酒对照组小鼠相比,其NK细胞活性率显著增加(P0.05)。该新工艺酒具有改善小鼠免疫力的作用,值得深入研究。     

蔓越莓复合提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的评价蔓越莓、越橘、玫瑰茄复合提取物作为保健食品增强免疫力的作用。方法分别以0.26、0.52和0.78 g/kg剂量连续灌胃小鼠30 d后,通过小鼠淋巴细胞转化试验、抗体生成细胞测定、血清溶血素检测、迟发型变态反应、小鼠碳廓清实验、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验和自然杀伤细胞(natural killer,NK细胞)活性测定等试验,评价其对小鼠免疫力的影响。结果蔓越莓、越橘、玫瑰茄复合提取物能促进淋巴细胞转化,增加抗体生成细胞的数量,增强NK细胞的活性。结论蔓越莓、越橘、玫瑰茄复合提取物可以增强小鼠的免疫力。     

大豆异黄酮对新生儿期大鼠子宫发育和雌激素受体表达的影响

目的研究母鼠暴露于大豆异黄酮对新生儿期大鼠子宫发育及雌激素受体表达的影响。方法将母鼠及其仔鼠随机分至6组,母鼠的大豆异黄酮暴露剂量分别为0、10、50、100、150、200mg/kgBW（i.g.）,暴露时间为产后第5至10天（PND5~10）。在PND11处死雌性仔鼠,称量子宫重量并进行病理学检查,利用ELISA方法测定血清雌二醇（E2）和孕酮（P）浓度,利用RT-PCR方法测定子宫中雌激素受体（ER）mRNA的表达。结果与对照组比较,大豆异黄酮150、200mg/kgBW剂量组仔鼠的子宫/体重比显著增加,子宫内膜增厚的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;血清E2浓度明显高于对照组,SIF150组升高幅度最大,但各处理组血清P浓度呈下降趋势;100、150、200mg/kgBW剂量组仔鼠的子宫ERmRNA表达降低的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论大豆异黄酮经母鼠暴露,可刺激雌性仔鼠的子宫发育,这种雌激素样效应至少与该物质对血液性激素和子宫ERmRNA表达的调节作用有关。     

N-乙酰神经氨酸增强小鼠免疫力功能研究

目的：探究N-乙酰神经氨酸增强小鼠免疫力的功能。方法：经口给予小鼠8、17、50mg/kg·BW剂量的N-乙酰神经氨酸30 d，按《保健食品功能检验与评价方法》中有助于增强免疫力检验方法，测定小鼠的细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能、单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能及NK细胞活性，此外还用试剂盒测定了小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-12(P40)、TNF-α、IFN-γ含量。结果：中、高剂量组抗体生成细胞数、中剂量组半数溶血值及中、高剂量组巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率均显著高于阴性对照组，可判定小鼠体液免疫功能、单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能结果阳性。中、高剂量组小鼠血清中IL-12(P40)含量显著高于阴性对照组。N-乙酰神经氨酸对小鼠其他指标无明显影响。结论：依据《保健食品功能检验与评价方法》中的结果判定标准，N-乙酰神经氨酸有助于增强免疫力。     

长白山有机灵芝破壁孢子粉的毒理学安全性评价

目的对长白山有机灵芝破壁孢子粉作为保健食品进行毒性实验研究。方法采用小鼠急性毒性试验、遗传毒性试验,以及大鼠30 d喂养实验来评价长白山有机灵芝破壁孢子粉的毒理学安全性。结果样品给药后,ICR种雌、雄小鼠的最大耐受剂量(MTD)大于20.00 g/kg·bw,属于无毒级;遗传毒性试验结果中Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验及小鼠精子畸形试验均表现为阴性;大鼠30 d喂养实验中,动物生长发育良好,各剂量组体重、食物利用率、血常规指标、血生化指标、脏器重量和系数以及病理组织学等指标均未见毒性作用。结论长白山有机灵芝破壁孢子粉均未见明显毒副作用,具有服用安全性。     

葡萄籽菊花菊粉混合物对老龄小鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的：为了丰富创新抗氧化功能保健食品的配方种类，探讨以葡萄籽、菊花、菊粉组成的混合物对老龄小鼠抗氧化能力的影响，为其在保健食品中的应用提供理论依据。方法：将8月龄以上的小鼠随机分为老龄对照组和混合物低、中、高剂量组（0.58、1.17、2.33 g/kg），另设4周龄的小鼠作为少龄对照组。灌胃30天后，检测小鼠血清、肝组织和脑组织中的超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD），还原型谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH），丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）和蛋白质羰基（protein carbonyls,PC）水平，并在显微镜下观察肝组织病理形态学变化。结果：与老龄对照组相比，葡萄籽菊花菊粉混合物能显著提高老龄鼠血清、肝组织和脑组织中的SOD活性和GSH含量，降低MDA和PC含量（P <0.01,P <0.05）。从肝组织病理切片可以看出，相比老龄对照组，随着混合物剂量的增加，给药组小鼠肝细胞形态逐渐完整，细胞数量增多，排列整齐。结论：葡萄籽菊花菊粉混合物能提高老龄小鼠的抗氧化能力。     

野生水芹的毒理学安全性评价

评价野生水芹的毒理学安全性。根据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》,对野生水芹进行小鼠急性毒性实验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核实验、Ames实验、小鼠精子畸形实验及大鼠30 d喂养实验。结果表明:小鼠急性毒性实验的MTD15 g/kg·bw,属无毒级;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核实验和Ames实验结果为阴性;小鼠精子畸形实验各剂量组的精子畸形率升高,与阴性对照组比较有显著性差异(P0.05),且有明显的剂量-反应关系;大鼠30 d喂养实验对实验动物的体重、食物利用率、生化指标尿素氮有不同程度的影响,组间差异显著(P0.05),呈一定的剂量-反应关系。     

三七参芪胶囊安全性评价及缓解体力疲劳功能的研究

评价三七参芪胶囊的安全性及研究其缓解体力疲劳的作用,采用小鼠急性经口毒性试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验、Ames试验对其安全性进行评价;通过负重游泳实验及测定小鼠血清尿素氮含量、肝糖原含量及全血乳酸含量考察三七参芪胶囊的缓解体力疲劳作用。结果表明:三七参芪胶囊经口最大耐受量(the maximum tolerated dose,MTD)均大于20 g/kg bw,属无毒级;对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102菌株无致突变作用;对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞未见致突变作用;对小鼠精子未显示损伤作用;经口给予小鼠0.45、0.9、2.7 g/kg bw剂量的三七参芪胶囊30 d,0.9、2.7 g/kg bw剂量能显著延长小鼠的负重游泳时间、显著提高小鼠肝糖原水平,2.7 g/kg bw剂量显著降低小鼠运动后血清尿素含量,对小鼠的血乳酸曲线下面积未见明显影响;表明三七参芪胶囊毒理学安全,根据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》判定标准,其具有缓解体力疲劳功能。     

植物提取物A对SD大鼠更年期综合征的缓解作用

该文研究了植物提取物A对更年期综合征尤其是骨质疏松的调节功效。采用卵巢摘除手术建立更年期大鼠模型,设置空白组、模型组、低、中、高剂量组五组,连续灌胃14周。结果表明,植物提取物A可改善更年期大鼠子宫状态,还可调节更年期大鼠性激素分泌,提高血清中雌二醇含量（33.33%）,降低血清促卵泡激素分泌（8.42%）,促进抗苗勒氏管激素分泌（134.78%）。并且植物提取物A可改善更年期大鼠的骨组织结构和功能,提高更年期大鼠的血磷（14.04%）、血钙（12.58%）含量;提高更年期大鼠的全骨骨密度（8.00%）、骨远端骨密度（7.69%）、骨中段骨密度（8.33%）以及骨钙含量（34.87%）;提高更年期大鼠血清25羟维生素D（Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D）水平（78.40%）,升高成纤维生长因子水平（60.21%）调节机体代谢,提高碱性磷酸酶（40.00%）、骨钙素含量（51.61%）,降低I型前胶原交联C末端肽含量（34.22%）,提高I型前胶原N端肽含量（128.57%）,对缓解骨质疏松有显著功效。该研究可为植物提取物A作为缓解更年期综合征的功能食品推广应用提供参考依据。     

Circulating hormones and estrous stage predict cellular and stromal remodeling in murine uterus

The understanding of how estrogen and progesterone (P(4)) drive uterine remodeling in rodents has largely been based on studies involving administration of exogenous hormones, using steroid receptor-deficient mice, or relying on vaginal smears. In all these cases, the actual serum levels of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) and P(4) are not directly measured, and the relationship between physiological levels of female sex hormones and uterine remodeling in cycling mice has not been fully explored. Here, we measured the circulating levels of E(2) and P(4) in cycling mice and performed correlation analysis between hormone levels and epithelial and stromal uterine parameters, irrespective of the estrous stage. In parallel, these parameters were analyzed in relation to the more conventional method of vaginal smear classification of estrous stage. We found that circulating P(4) inversely correlated with uterine width, luminal epithelial proliferation, stromal apoptosis, and degradation of luminal epithelial basement membrane collagen type-IV. Circulating E(2) positively correlated with uterine width, stromal cell proliferation, and collagen type-I content, while it negatively correlated with glandular epithelial proliferation, loss of collagen type-IV surrounding glandular epithelium, and apoptosis in luminal, glandular, and stromal compartments. Our findings indicate that measuring P(4) or E(2) levels can predict many concurrent cellular and stromal events in the mouse uterus, suggesting that in naturally cycling mice cellular responses to hormone changes are not delayed, but occur very rapidly.     

The Role of Dairy Products in Healthy Weight and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents

Overweight and obesity are major public health concerns with approximately 32% and 17% of U.S. children aged 2 - 19 being classified as overweight or obese, respectively. While the cause of overweight and obesity is multi-factorial, changes in eating habits and physical activity patterns have been proposed as contributing factors to the obesity epidemic. For example, the displacement of nutrient rich foods and beverages with non-nutrient dense items may be influencing childhood obesity. Many children do not consume the recommended servings of the Food Groups to Encourage, i.e. low-fat and fat-free dairy foods, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains identified by the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans which results in low intakes of calcium, potassium, fiber, magnesium, and vitamin E. While attention has focused primarily on reducing energy intake and/or increasing energy expenditure for weight maintenance, a promising beneficial role for dairy products in weight management has emerged. Most research has focused on adults, but there is evidence in children and adolescents indicating either a beneficial or neutral effect of dairy food consumption on body weight or body composition. The current review provides and assessment of the scientific evidence on the effects of dairy food consumption on body weight and body composition in children and adolescents.     

用蛋白质羰基含量评价抗氧化保健食品的研究

为建立以蛋白质羰基含量为检测指标评价抗氧化保健食品的方法 ,用 2 ,4 二硝基苯肼比色法测定幼龄和老龄小鼠不同组织蛋白质羰基含量 ,用 3种具有抗氧化功能的保健食品饲喂小鼠 ,观察其对脑蛋白羰基含量的影响。发现随着年龄的增加 ,小鼠各组织中蛋白质羰基增量为脑 >肝 >心 >血清。因此脑组织是实验的灵敏材料。利用本实验方法能够将抗氧化保健食品对蛋白质的保护功能反映出来。检测结果得出的结论与用卫生部《保健食品功能学评价程序和检测方法》所判定的结论相吻合。采用本方法可为评价抗氧化保健食品的功能提供有力的证据     

毛竹叶柄多糖降血糖作用研究

研究毛竹叶柄多糖(polysaccharide from moso bamboo leaves,PMBL)的降血糖作用。以四氧嘧啶诱发糖尿病小鼠模型,并分为PMBL高、中、低剂量组与糖尿病阳性药物组、糖尿病模型组及正常小鼠组对照。分别以不同剂量PMBL、优降糖及生理盐水灌胃,记录摄食量、饮水量及小鼠体重,采血测定并比较各组小鼠血糖值的前后变化及组间差异。结果表明:PMBL有较好的降血糖的作用,能较明显减缓病鼠消瘦和多饮多食的症状,结果证实高剂量PMBL降血糖效果最佳,且对正常小白鼠血糖无影响。     

Specific factors affecting lead uptake by food from cooking water

Following earlier work, detailed studies have been carried out on the lead uptake of individual foods from soft and hard water containing various amounts of lead. Experiments have also been made to determine whether solutions of lead nitrate in distilled water simulate the behaviour of water containing naturally present lead. The effect of length of cooking time, weight/volume ratio and salt addition have been studied, as well as the depostion of lead on to cooking vessels. In general, green vegetables, carrots, rice and spaghetti were found to take up more lead than do other foods. The difference in uptake observed between hard and soft waters varied according to the particular food being studied. Uptake from lead nitrate solutions showed a very similar pattern to uptake from hard water containing naturally present lead. Equilibrium was reached after only 5 min cooking for cabbage and spaghetti. Varying the solid/volume ratio for cabbage affected the uptake of lead from water, but the addition of sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate had little effect on lead uptake. There was no sign of saturation in uptake of lead by cabbage from solutions of 11 mg litre^?1 lead as lead nitrate. Deposition of lead occurred on both aluminium and glass saucepans, and cleaning was more effective in removing lead from glass saucepans. Results obtained from the analysis of diets in a small population at Ayr confirmed those obtained previously by laboratory experiments.     

The contribution of lead in water to dietary lead intakes

Preliminary experiments have been carried out to determine the uptake of lead from both hard and soft waters used in the preparation of food and beverages. Lead concentrations in water for the range of 0.05-0.5 mg litre^?1 were used to prepare composite groups representing root vegetables, other vegetables and beverages whose composition reflected per capita consumption of these foods in the UK. The uptake of lead from water was highest for the composite group of other vegetables which comprises 70% by weight of green vegetables. For each of the composite groups and the particular water samples used there was little relative difference in uptake whether foods were prepared in hard or soft water. Calculations of the contribution made by lead in water used for preparation of foods and beverages to the total dietary lead intake indicates that at levels of lead of 0.02 mg litre^?1, the contribution is about 10% but this can rise to about 40% as lead levels in the water approach 0.1 mg litre^?1.     

用高血脂小鼠模型评价降血脂保健食品可行性的探讨

目的:建立高血脂小鼠模型并对模型的稳定性和在降血脂保健食品功能检测研究中的实用性进行初步评价。方法:采用高脂饲料喂养法,观察小鼠进食高脂饲料60d内血脂变化情况,从而评价高血脂小鼠模型在60d内的稳定性。将大鼠与小鼠在同一时间,相同的实验条件下,进行降血脂功能检测实验,观察两种保健食品对高血脂小鼠和高血脂大鼠血脂各项指标的影响。结果:给小鼠饲喂高脂饲料30d可以造成高血脂模型,在继续饲喂高脂饲料30d里,观察到此高血脂模型能够继续维持。两种不同的保健食品影响高血脂小鼠血脂三项指标的情况与对高血脂大鼠的影响结果相一致。结论:在降血脂保健食品功能评价实验中用小鼠代替大鼠基本可行。     

安吉白茶、桑叶复合功能性饮料对D-半乳糖致小鼠氧化损伤的拮抗效应研究

本文采用D-半乳糖建立小鼠氧化损伤(应激)模型,研究了不同剂量安吉白茶、桑叶复合功能性饮料喷雾干粉DPCB(100、200、500 mg/kg.bw)对小鼠体重、脏器指数,血清、肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,以及对肝脏组织病理学的影响。结果表明,DPCB可使氧化损伤小鼠体重增量、胸腺指数显著升高,使肝脏、肾脏和脾脏指数也出现一定程度的升高;DPCB可有效降低氧化损伤小鼠血清和肝脏中MDA含量,最大降幅分别为21%和15%;同时有效增高氧化损伤小鼠血清和肝脏中GSH-Px、SOD的活性,且具有量效关系;此外,DPCB对肝脏组织的病理学改变有一定拮抗效应。本研究为安吉白茶、桑叶天然抗氧化功能性食品的开发奠定了基础。     

A harmonised approach for identifying core foods for total diet studies

Total diet studies (TDS) are used to gather information on chemical substances in food, thereby facilitating risk assessments and health monitoring. Candidate foods for inclusion in a TDS should represent a large part of a typical diet to estimate accurately the exposure of a population and/or specific population groups. There are currently no harmonised guidelines for the selection of foods in a TDS, and so the aim of this study was to explore the possibility of generating a harmonised approach to be used across Europe. Summary statistics data from the European Food Safety Authority’s (EFSA) Comprehensive Food Consumption Database were used in this research, which provided data from national food consumption surveys in Europe. The chosen methodology for the selection of foods was based on the weight of food consumed and consumer rate. Using the available data, 59 TDS food lists were created, representing over 51 000 people across 17 countries and seven population groups. All TDS food lists represented > 85% of the populations’ diets (85.9–96.3%), while the number of foods in the TDS food lists ranged from 15 to 102. Comparison of the TDS food lists indicated that the most commonly consumed foods included wheat bread and rolls, pastries and cakes, tomatoes, apples, bananas, and chicken, while cow’s milk, tap water and orange juice were the most commonly consumed beverages across Europe. This work was complete to support EFSA and other institutions in the development of harmonised TDS into the future.     

多元复合抗性淀粉减肥功效评价

为了研究多元复合抗性淀粉对饮食诱导肥胖小鼠减肥的作用机制,通过建立饮食诱导肥胖小鼠模型对肥胖小鼠进行分组灌胃,记录试验期间小鼠的体质量及摄食量变化,试验结束后采集血清并用试剂盒测定相关指标:总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、瘦素(Leptin,LP)、低密度脂蛋白(Low-density lipoprotein,LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(High-density lipoprotein,HDL)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(Alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(Asparate aminotransferase,AST)。结果:灌胃不同剂量的多元复合抗性淀粉可使肥胖小鼠的体质量和摄食量明显下降,血清中TC、TG、LDL、LP、ALT和AST水平降低,HDL含量升高。结果表明,多元复合抗性淀粉可以增加肥胖小鼠的饱腹感迫使小鼠摄食量降低,同时多元复合抗性淀粉通过调节肥胖小鼠体内的短链脂肪酸,使得脂质的代谢和排泄达到最佳效果,最终达到减肥降脂的目的。