尼龙织物超双疏涂层的制备及其自清洁研究

用丙烯酸六氟丁酯(HFBA)和含双键的硅树脂(SR)进行乳液共聚,以该共聚乳液对尼龙织物进行浸涂,制备出超疏水和超疏油的尼龙织物。对织物进行了红外光谱、扫描电镜分析,并研究了单体配比、浸涂次数和织物种类对织物超疏水性能和超疏油性能的影响。实验结果显示,单体质量比SR∶HFBA=5∶18,乳液浸渍3次,可以使尼龙织物表面获得超双疏性能,对水和油的接触角分别可达到152.25°和155.69°。该织物还具有较好的自清洁性能。     

一种磁性-超疏水棉纤维的制备及性能

首先,将棉纤维浸泡在含有盐酸多巴胺(DA)和纳米Fe3O4的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中制备得到聚多巴胺(PDA)-Fe3O4磁性棉纤维.其次,用十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷(DTES)在碱性的乙醇水溶液中对PDA-Fe3O4磁性棉纤维进一步改性,得到DTES-PDA-Fe3O4磁性-超疏水棉纤维.采用FTIR、XRD、TG、SEM、EDS、AFM、水接触角测量仪对改性前后棉纤维的化学组成、表面微观结构、疏水性能进行表征;测试了改性棉纤维分离效率、吸附性能.结果表明:DTES-PDA-Fe3O4改性棉纤维具有微/纳米尺寸粗糙结构;具有优异的超疏水性和磁性,水接触角大于160°;该棉纤维可重复使用且具有超高选择吸附性能和油水分离性能,可吸附自身质量8.96倍的氯仿,对氯仿油水混合液分离效率大于98.90％,可应用于生产生活中含油废水的处理.     

氧化铁纳米棒的制备及其在光催化降解水溶性活性染料中的应用

采用均相沉淀法制备了半导体纳米材料α-Fe2O3.通过XRD、TEM等手段对该材料进行了分析.研究了烧结温度、光催化剂的用量、光照等因素对催化剂光催化降解活性染料的影响.并用红外和紫外的分析方法验证了光催化降解效果.结果表明,在适当的用量和350℃烧结并在紫外光照射下,α-Fe2O3对活性染料B-RN蓝、活性艳兰K-NR有极强的光催化降解活性.     

利用微波法均相制备α-Fe2O3粒子初探

介绍了用微波辐照均相制备α-Fe2O3胶体粒子的方法.实验表明:采用微波辐照均相制备,可在较短时间内得到均分散的α-Fe2O3粒子,其尺寸大且产量大.     

油水分离膜的研究进展

介绍了油水混合物的分类、油水分离膜的分离机理、油水分离膜的类型以及超疏水-亲油膜、超亲水-疏油膜的制备和性能。根据油水分离膜技术现在的发展状况,指出目前在该领域的研究中存在的一些问题以及对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。超疏水-亲油膜从材料制备和油水分离性能等方面,均取得了长足发展,但该膜的疏水稳定性和膜材料的力学强度等有待进一步提高。超亲水-疏油膜的制备过程简单、性能稳定、易清洗,近年来被广泛应用。     

磁性超疏水聚氨酯海绵的制备及其性能研究

随着世界工业化进程的不断推进,各个产业含油污水排放量日益增加,严重破坏生态系统。近年来,由于超疏水材料特殊的表面效应,将其应用于油水混合物的分离领域已成为研究的热点。采用浸渍法对聚氨酯海绵表面进行疏水改性,通过对四种主要因素考察,优选出最佳制备工艺:将0.1 g纳米Fe_3O_4超声分散于海绵表面,再用4%(wt)的硬脂酸溶液对其进行表面改性18 h,经90℃热处理6 h后即可得到磁性超疏水海绵。该材料水接触角高达158°,且可通过磁铁进行回收和驱动,在油水混合物的连续分离中表现出优异的性能,对开发新型油水分离材料具有重要的研究意义和实用价值。     

利用微波法均相制备α—Fe2O3粒子初探

介绍了用微波辐照均相制备α-Fe2O3胶体粒子的方法。实验表明：采用微波辐照均相制备，可在较短时间内得到均匀分散的α-Fe2O3粒子，其尺寸大且产量大。     

磁性γ-Fe2O3/P（MMA-AM）纳米复合材料的反相微乳液法制备及表征

以FeSO4.7H2O的水溶液为分散相(水相),环己烷为连续相(油相),甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚-10(OP-10)为乳化剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂及引发剂,配制反相微乳液体体系。用热引发此体系的反应来制备γ-Fe2O3/P(MMA-AM)纳米磁性复合材料。用X射线衍射、红外光谱、热失重分析、透射电子显微镜对产物进行了表征。结果表明:单体MMA和AM发生了共聚,且γ-Fe2O3微粒分散于高分子聚合物中,则产物为γ-Fe2O3/P(MMA-AM)。制备该磁性复合材料球状微粒的最佳条件为:油水体积比为1∶3、亚铁离子浓度为0.4 mol/L、单体含量为7%(质量分数)。     

疏水性油水分离膜及其过程研究进展

油水分离是治理含油废水和含水油液的重要工业过程。本文概括了疏水性油水分离膜的类型与制备方法,包括常规分离膜和高度疏水/超亲油分离膜。前者为常规微滤、超滤及纳滤过程用膜;后者由构筑高度疏水（水滴接触角≥120°）表面方法得到,形式有金属网膜、纤维膜、滤纸、复合膜及不对称膜,其为制备耐污染的疏水性油水分离膜提供了新思路。指出了疏水性膜用于油水分离的过程原理及应用现状：含油废水除油中,疏水性膜可实现O/W乳液的破乳、粗粒化油滴、滤除油滴及吸附油分子几方面的功能;含水油液除水中,膜被用来截留水滴,可直接得到净化的油品。最后,指出了其过程规模化应用前尚需解决的重要问题,特别是高度疏水/超亲油分离膜的制备、相关过程研究的深入及其规模化试验等方面需着力加强。     

纳米α-Fe2O3粒子的湿法制备

综述了近年来国内外纳米α-Fe2O3粒子的湿法制备.主要介绍了沉淀法、水解法、水热法、溶胶-凝胶法和微乳液法的基本原理和应用,最后讨论了纳米α-Fe2O3粒子制备方法的发展方向.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.