Ar气氛中退火对Zn0.66Co0.34O薄膜性能的影响

采用电子束反应蒸发生长Zn0.66Co0.34O薄膜,生长温度仅为250℃,尔后在Ar气氛中500℃退火1h.场发射扫描电镜测量显示薄膜由粒径约10～20nm的晶粒所构成.X射线衍射测量表明薄膜在退火前后均呈类ZnO的六方纤锌矿结构.振动样品磁场计测量室温下薄膜的M-H曲线,结果显示退火前薄膜呈超顺磁性,退火后则为铁磁、超顺磁混合态,这表明退火提供了足够能量使得薄膜中一部分磁性Zn0.66Co0.34O小晶粒融合成大晶粒,新晶粒的尺寸超过了Zn0.66Co0.34O材料的超顺磁临界半径而表现出铁磁性,但由于另有部分晶粒仍表现为超顺磁性,故薄膜呈铁磁性与超顺磁性的混合态.     

衬底温度对脉冲激光沉积在Si衬底上Zn0.95Co0.05O薄膜的影响

在不同的衬底温度下在n型Si(111)衬底上采用脉冲激光沉积的方法生长了(002)择优取向的具有室温铁磁性的Zn0.95Co0.05O薄膜。X射线衍射显示所生长的薄膜呈六方纤锌矿结构。X射线光电子能谱测试表明薄膜中出现的室温铁磁性不是由于Co团簇产生的。发现薄膜生长过程中产生的间隙锌、氧空位以及晶格缺陷对铁磁性有显著的影响。通过改变衬底温度可以控制薄膜中间隙锌、氧空位及晶格缺陷的数量,薄膜的铁磁性同时也可以被明显地改变,这是缺陷与薄膜的室温铁磁性相关的直接证据。     

衬底温度对Mg0.1Zn0.9O薄膜结构及光学性能的影响

利用射频磁控溅射技术在不同温度的(100)Si和玻璃衬底上成功地制备了c轴择优取向的Mg0.1Zn0.9O薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、紫外可见光分光光度计和光致发光谱研究了衬底温度对Mg0.1Zn0.9O薄膜结构、表面形貌和光学性能的影响,结果表明,在衬底温度为400℃时生长的Mg0.1Zn0.9O薄膜具有很好的c轴取向和较好的光学性能.用激发波长为300nm的氙灯作为激发光源得到不同衬底温度下Mg0.1Zn0.9O薄膜的室温PL谱.分析表明,紫外发光峰与薄膜的结晶质量密切相关,蓝光发射与氧空位有关.简单探讨了衬底温度影响紫外光致发光峰红移和蓝移的可能机理.     

退火对sol-gel法制备的Zn0.88Co0.12O薄膜结构和磁性的影响

在玻璃衬底上用sol-gel方法制备了具有室温铁磁性的Zn0.88Co0.12O薄膜,X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外可见透射谱(UV-vis)证明Co2 替代Zn2 掺入了ZnO的晶格中.随退火温度的升高,光致发光谱(PL)中紫外发光峰增强,缺陷相关的可见光辐射减弱.用振动样品磁强计(VSM)对其磁性进行了表征.分析表明,薄膜室温铁磁性源于替位的Co离子,而非形成了第二相,其磁性强弱与退火处理制度有关,取决于替位的Co2 和缺陷引起的载流子之间的耦合程度.     

ZnCoO薄膜的生长取向及其性能

利用脉冲激光沉积法在石英和玻璃衬底上制备了ZnCoO以及Zn（Co,Ga）O薄膜,分别研究了其结构形貌和电学、光学及磁学等性能。研究发现,Ga掺杂后ZnCoO薄膜的择优取向由（002）向（101）转变,并且在玻璃衬底的Zn（Co,Ga）O薄膜具有更为单一的（101）取向,我们分析认为,Ga的掺入是引起生长取向转变的重要因素。此外,相比于ZnCoO,Zn（Co,Ga）O薄膜的电学性能明显提高,光学带隙蓝移,同时具有较好的室温铁磁性。     

衬底温度对Zn0.85 Mg0.13 Al0.020薄膜结构和发光特性的影响

采用射频磁控溅射方法,在Si(111)基片上制备出Zn0.85Mg0.13Al0.02O薄膜。X射线衍射(XRD)证实Zn0.85Mg0.13Al0.02O薄膜为单相六角钎锌矿结构,衬底温度从室温升高到500℃,薄膜沿c轴择优生长。原子力显微镜(AFM)测量显示薄膜表面粗糙度随衬底温度的升高由9.32nm增加到19.94nm。荧光光谱仪(PL)测量显示薄膜在397nm附近有强的紫光发射,在486nm处有弱的蓝光峰,随衬底温度的升高紫峰强度提高15倍。在可见光范围内,薄膜平均透过率随衬底温度的升高由75%增加到95%,薄膜光学带隙分别为3.18,3.18和3.19eV。分析表明紫峰来自于自由激子复合,蓝峰由俘获在施主能级Zn填隙中的电子与俘获在受主能级Zn空位中的空穴复合而产生发光。     

基于ECR-PEMOCVD生长的稀磁半导体(Ga,Mn)N的特性

利用电子回旋共振-等离子体增强金属有机物化学气相沉积(ECR-PEMOCVD)技术,在蓝宝石(α-Al2O3)衬底上生长出Mn含量约为3%的(Ga,Mn)稀磁半导体薄膜.利用反射高能衍射(RHEED)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征(Ga,Mn)N薄膜的表面形貌和结构特征.(Ga,Mn)N薄膜具有良好的(0002)择优取向和纤锌矿结构,表面形貌是由许多亚微米量级的晶粒按一致的取向规则堆砌而成.光致发光(PL)测量发现3.27eV附近出现施主-受主对(DAP)发光峰.超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)测量表明薄膜在室温下具有铁磁性,没有发现超顺磁性和自旋玻璃态,居里温度可达400K.     

低温生长Zn1-xCoxO(x=0.33)薄膜的微结构和磁性

用电子束反应蒸镀法在低温生长了Zn1-xCoxO薄膜.Co含量x高达0.33的Zn1-xCoxO薄膜仍具有类ZnO的纤锌矿结构,没有杂质相,Co的化合价为 2.场冷和零场冷M-T及M-H曲线表明,Zn1-xCoxO(x=0.33)薄膜在低温下具有铁磁性;随着温度的升高,其剩磁和矫顽力均逐渐下降,在65 K以上趋于零,显示出超顺磁性.Zn1xCoxO薄膜的低温铁磁性起源于Co2 离子之间的双交换相互作用及载流子诱导的sP d交换耦合作用,而从低温(＜65 K)铁磁态到高温(＞65 K)超顺磁态的转变可归因于薄膜的纳米晶小尺寸效应.     

Zn0.85Co0.15O薄膜的制备及其结构分析

用电子束蒸镀方法在(100)单晶Si衬底上,生长Zn0.85Co0.15O薄膜,并研究了衬底温度对薄膜质量的影响,结果表明当衬底温度为400℃时,外延膜取向性最好,且其(002)衍射峰半高宽最窄(为0.4834°)。     

衬底温度对射频磁控溅射制备HfO2薄膜结构的影响

采用射频磁控溅射法在氧氩比为0.2的混合气氛中,分别在室温、100℃、200℃、250℃、300℃、350℃和400℃温度下,在P-Si(100)衬底上制备了HfO2薄膜,并用SEM、XRD和AFM研究了衬底温度与薄膜沉积速率对微结构的影响.结果表明:随着衬底温度的增加,薄膜沉积速率呈减小趋势.室温沉积的HfO2薄膜为非晶态,当衬底温度高于100℃,薄膜出现单斜晶相,随着衬底温度继续增加,(111)择优取向更加明显,晶粒尺寸增大,薄膜表面粗糙度减小.     

Dielectric and pyroelectric properties of Ba-modified lead lanthanum zirconate stannate titanate ceramics

(Pb_0.97−xLa_0.02Ba_x)(Zr_0.75Sn_0.12Ti_0.13)O₃ ceramics in the composition range 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.16 were prepared by conventional solid state reaction process. On increasing Ba content from 0.1 to 0.16 mol, the specimens underwent phase transition from the first order to the second order and the Curie temperature decreased from 85 to 35 °C. With x = 0.16, the specimen showed good pyroelectric properties for practical applications. When a 500 V/mm dc bias field was applied, the specimen showed the maximum pyroelectric coefficient of 5800 μC/m² K and figure of merit of 58 × 10⁻⁵ Pa^−0.5 at Curie temperature.     

Microstructure and optical properties of plasmapolymer thin films with embedded silver nanoparticles

Plasmapolymer thin films with embedded silver nanoparticles were deposited by simultaneous plasma polymerization and metal evaporation. The particle size and shape were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analysed by optical image processing. The optical properties in the UV/ VIS/NIR spectral region were determined by the plasma resonance absorption of the silver particles. Transmittance spectra were calculated with the Bergman effective medium theory and compared with experimental spectra.     

X-cor夹层结构的力学性能试验研究

X-cor夹层结构比强度高,比刚度大,有望取代传统蜂窝夹层结构作为航空航天器的主承力结构材料。采用真空固化成型工艺,通过改变Z-pin的植入参数制备了X-cor夹层结构,研究了Z-pin植入角度、植入间距和直径对其平压、剪切和拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明,Z-pin的植入参数对X-cor夹层结构的力学性能影响显著。随Z-pin植入角度的增加X-cor夹层结构的平压性能降低,剪切性能增强,拉伸模量减小,拉伸强度先增加后减小。随Z-pin植入间距和直径增加,X-cor夹层结构力学性能均增加。与泡沫夹层结构相比,X-cor夹层结构压缩、剪切和拉伸模量的测试值分别提高了1.26～5.15倍、2.50～13.56倍和1.90～2.71倍,压缩、剪切和拉伸测试值分别提高了1.63～9.20倍、1.28～2.03倍和1.01～2.30倍。     

Material Properties of Titanium Diboride

The physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polycrystalline TiB₂ are examined with an emphasis on the significant dependence of the properties on the density and grain size of the material specimens. Using trend analysis, property relations, and interpolation methods, a coherent set of trend values for the properties of polycrystalline TiB₂ is determined for a mass fraction of TiB₂ ⩾ 98 %, a density of (4.5±0.1) g/cm³, and a mean grain size of (9±1) µm.     

Properties of high performance concrete containing fine-ground ceramics as supplementary cementitious material

This paper presents experimental work regarding the basic physical characteristics, mechanical and fracture-mechanics properties, durability characteristics, hydric and thermal properties of high performance concrete (HPC) with up to 60% of Portland cement replaced by fine-ground ceramics. Experimental results show that the amount of the ceramics in the mix is limited mainly by the resistance against de-icing salts which is found satisfactory only up to the cement replacement level of 10%. The mechanical and water transport properties are not significantly impaired by ceramic additions of up to 20%, whereas the effective fracture toughness, specific fracture energy, and chemical resistance (to MgCl₂, NH₄Cl, Na₂SO₄, HCl) are effectively maintained up to 40%. The frost resistance, water vapor transport and storage parameters and thermal properties are not significantly impaired even up to a 60% replacement level.     

Facile preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites with pristine layered double hydroxides

In this paper, nano-sized Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) was synthesized by a fast nucleation and slow aging method. The structures of LDH were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposites with different LDH loadings were prepared by water solution casting method. TEM observations show that the LDH nanoplatelets are uniformly dispersed in the PVA matrix. Tensile tests indicate that the elastic modulus and the tensile strength of PVA are improved by about 15% and 54%, respectively, when incorporating with 2 wt% LDH. The improvement of mechanical properties of PVA can be attributed to fine dispersion of LDH, good compatibility and strong interaction between PVA and LDH. In addition, the presence of LDH decreases the decomposition rates at the second stage and improves the amount of residues of PVA. Meanwhile, the transparency of the nanocomposite films is maintained compared with neat PVA.     

Mechanochemical synthesis,structural, magnetic,optical and electrooptical properties of CuFeS2 nanoparticles

The rapid mechanochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline CuFeS₂ particles prepared by high-energy milling for 60?min in a planetary mill from copper, iron and sulphur elements is reported. The CuFeS₂ nanoparticles crystallize in tetragonal structure with mean crystallite size of about 38?±?1?nm determined by XRD analysis. HRTEM study also revealed the presence of nanocrystals with the size of 5–30?nm with the tendency to form agglomerates. The Raman spectrum confirms the chalcopyrite structure. Low temperature magnetic data for CuFeS₂ support the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic spin structure. Moreover, the hysteresis loops taken at temperatures from 5?K to 300?K revealed a presence of very small amount of ferromagnetic phase, which seems to be associated with the non-consumed elemental Fe in as-prepared nanoparticles. The optical band gap of CuFeS₂ nanoparticles has been detected to be 1.05?eV, larger than band gap of the bulk material. The wider gap possibly resulted from the nano-size effect. Photoresponses of CuFeS₂ nanoparticles were confirmed by I-V measurements under dark and light illumination. It was demonstrated that mechanochemical synthesis can be successfully employed in the one step preparation of nanocrystalline CuFeS₂ with good structural, magnetic, optical and electrooptical properties.     

Engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as supplementary cementitious material: Strength,toughness, durability,and hygrothermal performance

A complex analysis of engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as supplementary cementitious material in the blended Portland-cement based binder in an amount of up to 60% by mass is presented. The studied parameters include basic physical characteristics, mechanical and fracture–mechanics properties, durability characteristics, and hygric and thermal properties. Experimental results show that 20% zeolite content in the blended binder is the most suitable option. For this cement replacement level the compressive strength, bending strength, effective fracture toughness, effective toughness, and specific fracture energy are only slightly worse than for the reference Portland-cement concrete. The frost resistance, de-icing salt resistance, and chemical resistance to MgCl₂, NH₄Cl, Na₂SO₄, and HCl are improved. The hygrothermal performance of hardened mixes containing 20% natural zeolite, as assessed using the measured values of water absorption coefficient, water vapor diffusion coefficient, water vapor sorption isotherms, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity, is satisfactory.     

Preparation and characterization of organic pigments and their fluorescence properties depending on bulk structure

Fluorescent pigments, based on the optical or electrooptical properties of dyes, are the main component in fluorescent coatings and inks. In this study, three kinds of dyes (Rhodamine B, Light Green SF Yellowish, Coumarin) with four different ratios (2.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%) were employed as luminophor, and the melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin was used as curing resin to prepare fluorescent pigments in different color. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry were carried out to analyze the structure of the fluorescent pigments. Scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution were used to present the morphology of fluorescent pigments. UV–vis and fluorescence spectrum were used to demonstrate the optical properties. It can be concluded that, coumarin pigments possessed consecutive structure in MF resin while rhodamine B might be the best for the preparation of printing inks among the three kinds of dyes from the view of particle size. The TG results presented that all the pigments showed good thermal stability, which might possess potential application in high speed printing industry.     

基于第一性原理研究Heusler合金Fe2CuGa的结构和性能

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,系统研究了Heusler合金Fe2CuGa的结构、磁性、弹性性能和电子性质.计算结果表明:立方相的基态结构是铁磁态的Hg2CuTi结构.立方到四方的相变几乎是体积不变的,这是形状记忆合金的特性.奥氏体和马氏体的磁矩分别是4.48和4.56μB/f.u..另外,预测了Fe2CuGa的弹性系数.Fe2CuGa的立方结构在力学上是不稳定的而四方结构是稳定的.根据体模量和剪切模量的比值,发现Fe2CuGa在本质上是可延展的.利用态密度的方法解释了Fe2CuGa马氏体相变的来源.