50%异菌脲·腐霉利悬浮剂在设施和露地番茄上的残留与安全性评价

目的 开展50%异菌脲·腐霉利悬浮剂在设施和露地番茄上的残留试验, 评价其在番茄上使用的安全性。方法 2021年在北京、辽宁、甘肃、山西、山东、浙江、河南、江苏、贵州、河北、湖南和重庆的番茄主产区开展了田间试验, 番茄样品用乙腈涡旋提取, N-丙基乙二胺、石墨化碳黑和十八烷基碳混合分散吸附剂净化, 超高效液相色谱分离, 三重四极杆串联质谱检测, 基质标准曲线-外标法定量。结果 设施番茄中异菌脲和腐霉利的降解半衰期分别为11.5和12.3 d, 露地番茄中异菌脲和腐霉利的降解半衰期分别为6.9和7.8 d。50%异菌脲·腐霉利悬浮剂在番茄上按最高剂量525 g a.i/hm2施药3次后, 安全间隔期7 d时, 设施番茄中异菌脲的最终残留量为0.10~0.73 mg/kg, 腐霉利的最终残留量为0.14~1.67 mg/kg, 露地番茄中异菌脲的最终残留量为<0.01~0.25 mg/kg, 腐霉利的最终残留量为<0.01~0.58 mg/kg。结论 依据GB 2763—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》中规定的异菌脲和腐霉利的最大残留限量标准, 收获的番茄食用是安全的。本研究结果为50%异菌脲·腐霉利悬浮剂在设施和露地番茄上的安全使用、农药残留量控制和农产品安全提供理论和技术支持。     

固相萃取-GC-ECD检测沃柑中的腐霉利、五氯硝基苯和甲氰菊酯残留

目的:实验开发固相萃取-GC-ECD检测沃柑中的腐霉利、五氯硝基苯和甲氰菊酯残留的分析方法。方法:沃柑样品粉碎后,准确称取10.0 g,置塑料离心管中,加20 mL乙腈提取,Florisil固相萃取柱净化、富集,正己烷洗脱,洗脱液氮吹至近干,残渣加1.0 mL正己烷溶解,0.45μm滤膜滤过,上气相色谱仪,外标法定量检测。结果:腐霉利、五氯硝基苯和甲氰菊酯在浓度范围为0.02～10.0μg/mL内,线性关系良好;检出限分别为:0.004 mg/kg、0.008 mg/kg和0.004 mg/kg;加标回收率在87.4～105.3%之间;重复性良好。结论:实验证明,此方法快速、准确,适用于沃柑等水果中农药杀虫剂残留的检测。     

高效液相色谱法检测运动饮料中的L-肉碱

建立一种快速、有效的高效液相色谱法测定运动饮料中L-肉碱的方法。样品经1.0 mmol/L盐酸提取后,采用MCX固相萃取小柱进行净化和富集。采用RP C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)分离,以乙腈∶辛烷磺酸钠(50 mmol/L)=25∶75(体积比)作为流动相,用PDA检测器检测,外标法峰面积定量。结果表明,L-肉碱标液在1.0μg/m L~20.0μg/m L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r~2为0.999,检出限为0.1 mg/kg,定量限为0.3 mg/kg,加标回收率达到82.3%~84.1%。     

SPE-HPLC法测定大米中甲萘威残留的研究

建立了大米中甲萘威农药残留量的固相萃取-高效液相色谱(SPE-HPLC)分析方法。以乙腈为提取剂,振荡提取,采用C_(18)固相萃取柱净化,经C_(18)柱(3.9 mm×300 mm,10μm)分离,乙腈-水(55︰45,V/V)为流动相,柱温40℃,流速1.0 m L/min进行分离,紫外检测器280 nm下进行检测。甲萘威的质量浓度在0.05~2.00μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 9。在0.50,1.25和2.50 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,甲萘威的加标回收率为92.41%~110.18%,相对标准偏差在2.91%~4.35%(n=6),检出限为0.006 mg/kg。该方法具有样品前处理操作简单、灵敏度高、试剂用量少、重现性好等优点,适用于大米中甲萘威的定性定量分析。     

决明子中8种天然滋味物质的HPLC法同时检测

试验比较不同来源决明子提取物对葡萄糖、果糖、甘露醇、决明子苷、决明子苷Ⅴ、决明子苷Ⅳ、决明子黄素和决明子二醇苯甲酸酯8种天然滋味物质的色谱法检测及决明子来源对其含量的影响。试验采用Waters symmetry C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相A相为80%乙腈水溶液(含0.01%三氟乙酸和2.0 mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液);流动相B相为水溶液(含0.01%三氟乙酸和2.0 mmol/L醋酸铵),梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 m L/min,DAD检测波长:254 nm;柱温45℃。检测方法显示:8种天然滋味物质的检测线性范围为0.02~500 mg/L,线性关系良好(r0.997 0);检出限(S/N=3)在0.005~0.02 mg/kg之间;在加标浓度为1.0~50.0 mg/kg条件下,加标回收率(N=9)在86.34%~103.88%之间,检测方法灵敏有效。     

气相色谱法测定人参提取物中3种农药残留

建立GC-ECD(气相色谱-电子捕获检测器,Gas chromatograph-electron capture detector)检测人参提取物中五氯苯胺、腐霉利、烯酰吗啉3种农残的方法。人参提取物样品用水溶解,环己烷萃取,通过毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测。五氯苯胺和腐霉利在范围为0.01μg/m L~1.0μg/m L(n=5),烯酰吗啉在范围为0.1μg/m L~10.0μg/m L标准曲线范围内线性良好,加标回收率平均值为97.71%~107.45%,RSD为1.61%~5.09%(n=9),检测限为1μg/kg~20μg/kg。该法可用于准确检测人参提取物中五氯苯胺、腐霉利、烯酰吗啉3种农残含量。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测食品中 腐霉利的残留量

目的建立固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测食品中腐霉利的残留量。方法样品提取采用浸渍-振荡法,采用石墨化碳黑固相萃取小柱和中性氧化铝固相萃取小柱对不同来源(植物源性和动物源性)的样品溶液进行净化和萃取,然后经气相色谱-质谱法分析腐霉利的残留量。结果在0.005~1.0?g/m L范围内,腐霉利呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.9998)。茶叶、葡萄酒、猪肝样品分别按0.01~0.10 mg/kg添加3个水平的标样,回收率在81.4%~103.6%之间,RSD为3.5%~8.2%,检出限分别为0.025、0.01、0.025 mg/kg。结论该方法可适用于食品中腐霉利残留量的检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定食品中甲醛次硫酸氢钠含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法检测食品中的甲醛次硫酸氢钠含量。方法样品经磷酸溶液提取,残留在其中的甲醛次硫酸氢钠分解释放出甲醛,甲醛与衍生试剂2,4-二硝基苯肼发生反应,生成黄色的衍生物苯腙,经Eclipse XDB-C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离,流动相为乙腈-水(60:40,V:V),柱温为35℃,流速为1.0 m L/min;检测波长为355 nm,经高效液相色谱仪检测。结果本方法优化的实验条件是:磷酸溶液浓度2.0%,衍生剂2,4-二硝基苯肼溶液的浓度为2.0%,60℃水浴中反应30 min;甲醛标准溶液在0~3μg/m L浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=1.00);在5、10和30μg 3个加标水平上的回收率为95.36%~98.20%,相对标准偏差为0.403%~1.05%;检出限为0.17 mg/kg。结论本方法快速准确,适合于测定食品中甲醛次硫酸氢钠的残留量。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定桑葚等浆果中百菌清、腐霉利和联苯菊酯3种农药残留

目的建立固相萃取-气相色谱法测定桑葚等浆果中百菌清、腐霉利和联苯菊酯3种农药残留的分析方法。方法乙腈提取桑葚浆果样品中的3种农药,提取液经HLB固相萃取柱富集、净化,丙酮+环己烷(1:9,V:V)洗脱,洗脱液氮吹至近干,环己烷定容至1 mL,上气相色谱仪定量检测。结果百菌清、腐霉利和联苯菊酯在浓度为0.002～0.200μg/mL范围内线性关系良好;百菌清、腐霉利和联苯菊酯定量限分别为0.0002、0.0006、0.0006 mg/kg;方法加标回收率在85.8%～99.7%之间;精密度和重复性RSD均在10.0%以内。结论方法具有简便、准确、快速等特点,可以用于桑葚等浆果中的农药残留检测。     

HPLC法测定乳饮料中纽甜含量的研究

建立快速、准确测定乳饮料中纽甜含量的高效液相色谱检测方法。样品以20%乙腈水溶液为提取液,硫酸锌和亚铁氰化钾为沉淀剂进行前处理,采用ZORBAX SB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,200 nm检测波长,磷酸氢二铵(0.020 mol/L,pH 3.5~4):乙腈=(70∶30)为流动相进行等度洗脱分离。纽甜在0.2μg/m L~50.0μg/m L范围内线性良好,在0.8 mg/kg~5.0 mg/kg加标范围内,回收率为90.1%~96.1%,RSD值为1.7%~2.1%,最低定量限为0.30 mg/kg。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.