酸性氧化电位水对啤酒发酵罐的消毒效果

研究酸性氧化电位水(EOW)在啤酒业的消毒效果,进行了实验室和200L发酵罐的现场试验。实验室杀菌效果评估表明,E-OW的稳定性良好,以EOW百分含量、EOW处理菌液时间、菌液稀释倍数、有害菌种4因素3水平的正交试验分析得出EOW的百分含量是决定因素。以含EOW4.0%的稀释水进行刷罐试验,残水中无微生物检出、杀菌效果好。结果表明:EOW在短时间内对啤酒发酵罐中的微生物具有较强的杀灭效果,具备啤酒消毒剂的良好条件和应用价值。     

高氧化还原电位水对虾的保鲜效果

通过研究高氧化还原电位水(EOW)不同温度和不同作用时间对虾杀菌效果和品质的影响,确定最佳处理条件。将EOW作用的虾4℃保藏,通过测定细菌总数、pH和挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)等鲜度指标评价保鲜效果。结果表明,EOW电解15min最佳,结合50℃水浴作用5min使细菌总数有效降低2～3个对数值,同时发现4℃保藏,可使虾的保鲜期延长2d,证明EOW和温度协同作用可以有效延长虾的保鲜期。     

酸性氧化电位水处理对鲜参切片的杀菌效果及色泽的影响

目的:探讨酸性氧化电位水处理对鲜参切片微生物的杀菌效果,以及对鲜参切片色泽的影响,获得优化杀菌工艺条件,为鲜人参的保鲜贮藏提供新方法。方法:首先,以鲜参切片微生物的杀菌率为指标,考察料液比、浸泡时间、浸泡温度和pH四个因素对杀菌效果的影响,然后采用三因素三水平响应面优化试验设计优化杀菌工艺,并测定酸性氧化电位水处理鲜参切片的色泽。结果:酸性氧化电位水处理鲜参切片的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:10 g/mL、浸泡温度25 ℃、浸泡时间11 min,此条件下的杀菌率为94.40%±0.61%,影响因素的显著性大小顺序为浸泡时间>料液比>浸泡温度,酸性氧化电位水处理前后的鲜参切片色泽无明显变化。与其他常用杀菌剂相比,酸性氧化电位水的杀菌率提高了24.5%~30.7%。结论:酸性氧化电位水处理技术对鲜参切片微生物的杀菌效果显著,可以为人参的保鲜贮藏和加工提供一种更有效、更安全和高品质的非热杀菌方法。     

新型杀菌剂——中性氧化电位水的应用

为评估新型杀菌剂——中性氧化电位水的应用性能,对其稳定性、安全性进行了研究,并与过氧乙酸、二氧化氯、双氧水对比分析了中性氧化电位水对金属腐蚀性的影响和其杀菌性能。结果表明,中性氧化电位水在密闭、避光条件下稳定性良好;浓度为0.5%⁵%的中性氧化电位水对啤酒老化无显著影响,对啤酒风味无安全隐患;浓度低于5%的中性氧化电位水对铜、铝、不锈钢(304和316)、碳钢涂层T541基本无腐蚀,浓度为1.5%的中性氧化电位水可有效杀灭2×(1065%的中性氧化电位水对啤酒老化无显著影响,对啤酒风味无安全隐患;浓度低于5%的中性氧化电位水对铜、铝、不锈钢(304和316)、碳钢涂层T541基本无腐蚀,浓度为1.5%的中性氧化电位水可有效杀灭2×(106¹07)CFU/mL的单一污染菌和混合菌。     

栅栏技术在预包装鸭脯串生产过程中的应用研究

为了提高预包装鸭脯串的品质,采用响应面中心组合设计研究臭氧水处理对鸭脯肉解冻过程和腌制过程菌落总数的影响,并研究热杀菌和辐照杀菌对产品感官品质的影响。结果表明,鸭脯肉解冻过程最佳减菌化工艺为:在温度10℃,肉水比14︰100(m︰V)的条件下使用7.7mg/L臭氧水浸泡解冻40min左右,与对照样比较,鸭脯肉的菌落总数从2.7×105 CFU/g减少到1.1×103 CFU/g,大肠菌群从1 500MPN/100g减少到90MPN/100g,色差值增加1.07。腌制液的最佳减菌参数为:在腌制液中通入臭氧,使臭氧浓度达到0.6mg/L后,在10℃的条件下处理14min。与对照样比较,腌制液的菌落总数从2.3×105 CFU/g减少到0.6×102 CFU/g。经臭氧和稳定态ClO2处理后的腌制液与鸭脯串倒入滚揉机正反滚揉5 min后置于4℃的冷库中腌制16h。与对照样比较,使用臭氧处理后的腌制液腌制的鸭脯串的菌落总数从8.2×103 CFU/g降至1.4×103 CFU/g。处理样品经121℃热杀菌20min或使用辐照杀菌(10kGy、12h)具有良好的安全性和感官品质。     

酸性氧化电位水楼宇消毒系统及常见故障分析

文章重点介绍了洲际资源GRDJ1000型酸性氧化电位水楼宇消毒系统的工作原理。酸性氧化电位水楼宇消毒系统的日常维护方法及常见故障处理。酸性氧化电位水(Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water,EOW)自20世纪90年代进入我国以来,现已在医院、农业、畜牧业、食品、公共卫生等领域都有广泛的应用[1]。它是通过电解低浓度氯化钠溶液产生的一种新型环保型消毒剂,具有广谱、高效、简便、无毒且无残留的优点。文章重点介绍了洲际资源GRDJ1000型酸性氧化电位水楼宇消毒系统的工作原理,酸性氧化电位水楼宇消毒系统的日常维护方法及常见故障处理。     

酸性氧化电位水和低温等离子体处理对鲜参微生物群落的影响

目的 探究酸性氧化电位水和低温等离子体两种杀菌技术对鲜参微生物菌落总数、群落多样性和结构的影响,揭示鲜参的微生物群落组成。方法 采用传统的培养方法测定鲜参的微生物菌落总数;采用16S rRNA和ITS测序技术分析酸性氧化电位水处理和低温等离子体处理鲜参群落的多样性和结构的变化。结果 低温等离子体杀灭鲜参微生物的数量显著大于酸性氧化电位水;经两种杀菌方式处理前后鲜参微生物的种类无显著性变化,但是在鲜参微生物群落的门水平和属水平上均引起了菌群结构的显著变化,且细菌菌群结构的变化大于真菌。结论 低温等离子体杀灭鲜参微生物的效果优于酸性氧化电位水,经这两种杀菌方式处理后鲜参群落结构的变化,能够为后续靶向抑制鲜参的腐败和延长其货架期提供一定的指导。     

不同浓度芽孢萌发剂对肉毒梭菌芽孢萌发的影响

肉毒梭菌（Clostridium botulinum）及芽孢是真空包装、冷冻食品及罐装食品中的主要杀菌对象,其抗逆性强,生长速度快,而成为食品中毒的主要原因之一。本试验采用单因素试验和响应面分析法研究芽孢萌发剂L-丙氨酸和KCl添加浓度,处理温度和处理时间对肉毒梭菌芽孢萌发条件的影响,探究影响肉毒梭菌芽孢萌最适条件,并结合常压100 ℃,20 min杀菌,研究最终肉毒梭菌的杀灭效果。结果显示,当处理温度为75.5 ℃,处理时间为25.0 min,添加L-丙氨酸浓度为15.4 mmol/L,KCl浓度为0.53%时,芽孢萌发率最大,可达89.91% ± 1.31%,经过两次100 ℃杀菌20 min,肉毒梭菌杀灭率可达98%。研究结果可为食品工业中罐头的常温杀菌提供一定的技术指导。     

有机干扰物对超氧化电位水杀菌效果影响研究

试验以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为有机干扰物质,大肠杆菌为灭菌对象,通过悬液定量杀菌试验和理化分析方法研究有机干扰物质对超氧化电位水(NEOW)杀菌效果影响。试验结果显示:在不含有机干扰物时,NEOW作用30 s,能够将菌落数对数值为7.76的大肠杆菌完全杀灭。用无菌水对NEOW稀释后,pH和氧化还原电位(ORP)变化不明显,有效氯浓度(ACC)随着稀释度的增加而降低,但稀释至60%时同样保持快速杀灭能力。在干扰物作用下,随着BSA浓度增加,NEOW杀菌效果降低。但NEOW在低浓度BSA的干扰下,可以通过增加杀菌时间或者增加有效氯浓度达到杀菌效果;在高浓度BSA的干扰下,需要对消毒环境进行预先清洗降低干扰物的量再进行消毒。     

臭氧水在水产品保鲜中的应用研究

本文就臭氧水杀灭鱼体表细菌的条件及其对四种淡水鱼的杀菌效果进行了探讨,并对它在草鱼片保鲜中的应用进行了初步研究。结果表明,臭氧水杀灭鱼体表细菌的最佳条件为:处理方式,冲洗:处理时间,10 min;臭氧水浓度,5ppm;水量,5倍。还表明,臭氧水对鲫鱼、鳊鱼、鲢、鳙四种淡水鱼体表均具有良好的杀菌效果。臭氧水处理可改善草鱼片的感官及微生物质量,并将其保鲜期延长约1.5d。     

电生功能水抑制微生物及其产生毒素研究进展

由于电生功能水具有广谱杀菌性、效率高、经济、安全、环保等诸多优点,近几年,在抑制或杀灭微生物活性方面受到了人们的普遍关注。目前,强酸性电生功能水的应用已较广泛,也有一些微酸性及中性电生功能水应用于农业、食品领域的报道。随着研究的不断深入,电生功能水与其他多种处理手段的结合,电生功能水杀菌成分与机理,电生功能水的杀菌条件等问题也被不断探究。本文论述电生功能水杀菌、灭活病毒、毒素等方面的最新研究进展,指出目前研究中存在的问题以及今后的发展方向。     

Roles of hydroxyl radicals in electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) for the inactivation of Escherichia coli

The food industry has recognized electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) as a promising alternative decontamination technique. However, there is not a consensus about the sanitizing mechanism of EOW. In this study, we evaluated the disinfection efficacy of different types of EOW on Escherichia coli. Based on the hypothesis of hydroxyl radicals existing in EOW, in the present study, the hydroxyl radicals existed in slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) diluted to different levels were detected quantitatively. An ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer was used to scan EOW with different pH values. Accounting for the results of UV scanning to EOW with different pH value and the disinfection efficacy of different types of EOW, it can be concluded that considering the lower chlorine concentration of EOW compared with traditional chlorine disinfectants, the existing form of chlorine compounds rather than the hydroxyl radicals played important role in the disinfection efficacy of EOW.     

电解氧化水在瓶装饮用纯净水生产过程中消毒效果研究

为建立一种新的瓶装饮用纯净水的消毒方法,利用消毒产品鉴定与监测实验技术规范中的实验方法,对电解氧化水在瓶装饮用纯净水生产过程中几个主要环节的消毒效果作了实验研究。结果显示,电解氧化水浸泡600mL纯净水包装瓶1、2、5、10min,对其中污染的细菌的杀灭率分别为98．58％、99．06％、99．60％和99．92％,对污染真菌的杀灭率分别为97．34％、98．48％、99．65％和99．99％;用电解氧化水冲洗生产设备,对其表面污染细菌和真菌的杀灭率分别为95．73％和96．30％;用电解氧化水洗手,工作人员手污染的细菌和真菌分别减少93．84％和96．43％;用电解氧化水喷雾生产车间,空气中的细菌和真菌分别下降50．98％和53．49％;由于电解氧化水具有低毒无残留等优点,很适合在食品卫生领域推广应用。     

The antifungal mechanism of electrolyzed oxidizing water against Aspergillus flavus

Fungicidal electrolyzed oxidizing waters (EOW) include neutralized electrolyzed oxidizing water (NEW) and acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water (AcEW). These forms were evaluated against Aspergillus flavus conidia (spores) and mycelia. EOW possessed strong antifungal activities against A. flavus conidia and mycelia due to destruction of the cellular structures of the A. flavus conidium and mycelium. K⁺ and Mg²⁺ leakage results from damage to the normal cellular functions of A. flavus conidia and mycelia. Among the physicochemical parameters of EOW, the available chlorine concentration (ACC) is primarily responsible for the EOW antifungal activity. A. flavus can be eliminated by use of AcEW and NEW as a new, alternative method of fungal control that is superior to some current physical methods and to synthetic chemical fungicides.     

应用PCR-DGGE监测酸性电解水对虾的杀菌效果

目的：考察酸性电解水对虾的杀菌效果。样品虾处理方法为：室温(20℃)条件下酸性电解水处理不同时间(处理1min或5min);不同温度(20℃或50℃)酸性电解水处理5min;室温(20℃)条件下不同处理液(酸性电解水或2%乙酸)处理5min。利用平板培养结合PCR-DGGE技术监测酸性电解水对虾的杀菌效果。结果：50℃酸性电解水处理,虾中菌数减少1.44 lg(CFU/g),其他处理减少小于1.0 lg(CFU/g);不同处理时间对杀菌效果影响不显著;2%乙酸或50℃酸性电解水的杀菌效果显著高于室温酸性电解水(P＜0.05);PCR-DGGE指纹图谱分析结果显示：50℃酸性电解水处理后,虾中细菌种类不变,其他处理比对照(无处理)有不同程度的减少;处理1min的DGGE指纹图谱和对照极相似;50℃酸性电解水处理和对照中等不相似;其他处理和对照中等相似。结论：50℃酸性电解水对虾具有较好的杀菌效果,PCR-DGGE技术能用于监测酸性电解水对虾的杀菌效果。     

酸性电解水对苹果表面毒死蜱降解效果及降解途径分析

目的:通过研究不同条件下的酸性电解水对苹果表面毒死蜱的降解效果以及分析毒死蜱的降解途径,为苹果生产加工行业提供理论支持。方法:使用毒死蜱模拟污染苹果表面,在不同有效氯浓度（10、50、100 mg/L）和pH（pH为2.80和5.80）的酸性电解水条件下,采取浸泡处理或振荡清洗苹果的清洗方法,用气相色谱和气质联用方法测定毒死蜱残留和降解产物。结果:通过强酸性电解水降解苹果表面的毒死蜱实验,发现其降解效率与反应时间、有效氯浓度有直接关系,随着反应时间的延长或有效氯浓度的增加,降解效率也增加。当有效氯浓度达到50 mg/L时,浸泡15 min会降解55%以上的毒死蜱残留,并且与对照组自来水浸泡有极显著差异（P<0.01）。当有效氯浓度为100 mg/L时对毒死蜱的降解率超过了70%。在相同条件下强酸性电解水与微酸性电解水在降解毒死蜱的效果上无显著差异（P>0.05）,并且浸泡处理和振荡处理对实验结果没有显著影响（P>0.05）。酸性电解水处理对苹果主要品质指标没有显著影响（P>0.05）。经GC-MS分析,毒死蜱被强酸性电解水降解后,在降解产物中发现毒死蜱氧化物（CPO）和3, 5, 6-三氯吡啶-2-醇（TCP）。其可能的降解途径为毒死蜱→CPO→TCP→小分子有机物→无机物。结论:该研究结果对苹果加工产业在消除农药残留方面提供一种新方法。     

Efficacy of acidic electrolyzed water for microbial decontamination of cucumbers and strawberries

An examination was made of the efficacy of acidic electrolyzed water (AcEW, 30 ppm free available chlorine), ozonated water (5 ppm ozone), and a sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl, 150 ppm free available chlorine) for use as potential sanitizers of cucumbers and strawberries. AcEW and NaOCl reduced the aerobic mesophiles naturally present on cucumbers within 10 min by 1.4 and 1.2 log CFU per cucumber, respectively. The reduction by ozonated water (0.7 log CFU per cucumber) was significantly less than that of AcEW or NaOCl (P < or = 0.05). Cucumbers washed in alkaline electrolyzed water for 5 min and then treated with AcEW for 5 min showed a reduction in aerobic mesophiles that was at least 2 log CFU per cucumber greater than that of other treatments (P < or = 0.05). This treatment was also effective in reducing levels of coliform bacteria and fungi associated with cucumbers. All treatments offered greater microbial reduction on the cucumber surface than in the cucumber homogenate. Aerobic mesophiles associated with strawberries were reduced by less than 1 log CFU per strawberry after each treatment. Coliform bacteria and fungi associated with strawberries were reduced by 1.0 to 1.5 log CFU per strawberry after each treatment. Microbial reduction was approximately 0.5 log CFU per strawberry greater on the strawberry surface than in the strawberry homogenate. However, neither treatment was able to completely inactivate or remove the microorganisms from the surface of the cucumber or strawberry.     

Prevention of Enzymatic Browning of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Using Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water

In this study, the effects of electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) on the prevention of enzymatic browning of fresh‐cut “Jiu Jinhuang” Chinese yam were investigated. The yams were immersed in the inhibitors for 25 min at 20 °C. Compared with the tap water (TW) treatment, the chromatic attributes were significantly different after 72 h of storage (P < 0.05). The activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO, EC 1.10.3.1), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), and _L‐phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) were inhibited when measured at 24 h. The contents of phenolic acids, including gallic and chlorogenic acid, in the group treated with the slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) were higher than those treated with TW and neutral electrolyzed water (NEW). The group treated with NEW had the highest total phenol content (P < 0.05, at 24 h), while the group treated with SAEW had the highest flavonoid content (P < 0.05) during storage. Without being treated with inhibitors, the K_m and V_max values of yam PPO were 0.0044 mol/L and 0.02627 U/min, respectively, and the K_i of samples treated with SAEW and citric acid (CA) were 15.6607 and 2.3969 μmol/L, respectively. These results indicate that EOW is beneficial as a browning inhibitor.     

Fungicidal efficiency of electrolyzed oxidizing water on Candida albicans and its biochemical mechanism

The fungicidal influencing factors of electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) on Candida albicans were investigated by suspension quantitative germicidal tests. Results showed that EOW possessed predominant fungicidal rate on C. albican, as high as consumately 100% after 0.5min duration of 65.5mg/L active available chlorine concentration (ACC). The fungicidal effect was promoted proportionally along with ACC but was inhibited by organic interferential bovine serum albumin (BSA). The fungicidal mechanism was also investigated at a biological molecular level by detecting series of biochemical indices. Fluorescent microscopy showed that almost all C. albicans cells were stained red in 1min, suggesting that cell membrane was one of EOW's action targets. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that EOW destroyed the cellular protective barriers and imposed some damage upon the nucleus area, which verified EOW's effects on microbial ultra-structures. EOW improved membrane permeabilities with the result that the leakages of cellular inclusions (K(+), proteins and DNA) and the conductivity increased rapidly. The dehydrogenase relative activities of C. albicans decreased by 44.0% after 10min, indicating that EOW also had a destructive effect on cellular dehydrogenase.     

Disinfection effect and its mechanism of electrolyzed oxidizing water on spores of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">niger</Emphasis>

A study was carried out on the disinfection efficiency of electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) on spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger. The results showed a remarkable fungicidal rate of 100% after 20 min duration of 191 mg/L active available chlorine (ACC). The disinfection effect was improved with increased ACC or prolonged disinfection time, while organic interferents exerted a strong concentration-dependent inhibition against the disinfection. The disinfection mechanism was also investigated at bio-molecular level. EOW decreased dehydrogenase activity, intensified membrane permeability, elevated suspension conductivity, and caused leakage of intracellular K⁺, proteins, and DNA, indicating a damage of cell walls and membranes. Effects of EOW on microbiological ultra-structures were also verified by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images, showing that EOW destroyed protective barriers of the microbe and imposed some damages upon the nucleus area.