神经网络在MEMS-IMU/GPS组合导航中的应用研究

针对基于MEMS传感器组成的INS/GPS组合中GPS信号缺失的情况下,系统误差瞬时增大,滤波迅速退化无法继续工作的问题,本文提出利用神经网络辅助INS/GPS导航系统以解决这一问题的方法.该方法首先建立系统模型,用组合导航的输入作为网络模型的输入,通过网络训练得到输出需要参数,结合卡尔曼滤波用于组合导航以继续使导航系统工作,仿真结果表明该方法可行和有效性的.     

基于联邦UKF的可重复使用运载器再入段组合导航

针对航天科技领域的再入问题,根据导航系统状态方程非线性的特点,设计基于联邦滤波的UKF（Unscented Kalman Filter）算法,并应用于可重复使用运载器（Reusable Launch Vehicle,RLV）的组合导航系统.对基于该算法的RLV组合导航（惯性导航、卫星导航和天文导航）系统进行仿真,并与传统的基于联邦滤波算法对组合导航系统进行比较.结果表明,提出的组合导航方案和基于联邦滤波的UKF算法能提高导航精度、鲁棒性和容错性.     

间接Kalman滤波器在航天器CNS/SINS组合导航中的应用

为了利用最优估计法实现捷联惯导系统和天文导航系统的组合,讨论了捷联惯导和天文导航两子系统的组合方式,初步建立了针对Kalman滤波的组合导航模型,在此基础上对比了直接法Kalman滤波和间接法Kalman滤波,并采用反馈校正法针对即得模型设计了间接Kalman滤波器.分析仿真结果表明,间接Kalman滤波器能较好实现两个子系统的组合,使两系统间的信息相互渗透,起到性能互补的作用.     

基于cubature Kalman filter的INS/GPS组合导航滤波算法

INS/GPS组合导航系统的本质是非线性的,为改善非线性下INS/GPS组合导航精度,提出将一种新的非线性滤波cubature Kalman filter（CKF）应用于INS/GPS组合导航中.为此,建立了基于平台失准角的非线性状态模型和以速度误差及位置误差描述的观测模型,分析了CKF滤波原理,设计了INS/GPS组合滤波器,对组合导航非线性模型进行了仿真.仿真结果显示,相对于扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）,CKF降低了姿态、位置和速度估计误差,CKF更适合于处理组合导航的状态估计问题.     

基于卫星／平流层飞艇的区域导航系统设计

针对卫星/捷联惯导组合导航系统中卫星信号易受干扰的问题,为提高导航的精度和可靠性,提出了一种新的基于卫星和平流层飞艇的区域导航系统.根据区域导航平台,利用组合导航的模式,建立了同步卫星/捷联惯导/平流层飞艇组合导航的状态方程和量测方程,选取自适应联邦滤波算法作为组合导航的信息融合算法,形成联合滤波器,要以弥补卫星导航中信号易受影响的问题.最后设计开发了区域导航仿真系统,通过数字仿真表明,与卫星/捷联惯导组合导航系统相比,区域导航系统具有较高的导航精度和较好的可靠性.     

基于DSP与FPGA的嵌入式组合导航计算机系统设计

为了满足SINS/GPS组合导航系统高精度、低功耗、小型化的需求,设计出基于DSP和FPGA架构的嵌入式导航计算机平台。首先,描述了导航计算机系统的总体架构,提出了导航计算机硬件总体设计方案,并阐述了导航信息处理模块和数据采集通信模块;其次,设计了Kalman组合滤波器,描述了组合导航系统软件流程;最后,进行样机实证试验。实验结果表明,该系统可以实时高效完成外围传感器信息数据采集、实时导航解算、Kalman滤波、上位机的指令读取等任务,满足SINS/GPS组合导航系统对导航计算机的性能需求。     

神经网络辅助的GPS/INS组合导航滤波算法研究

在高空高速条件下,GPS信号失锁致使常规的卡尔曼滤波器发散,从而导致组合导航系统精度严重下降。以BP神经网络辅助技术手段对GPS/INS组合导航滤波算法实施精度补偿,即在GPS信号锁定时,对神经网络进行实时在线训练,而当在GPS信号失锁时,利用之前训练好的神经网络进行组合导航滤波,以解决精度严重下降问题。算法采用多神经网络并行结构,以减少神经网络在训练过程中的交叉耦合,提高训练速度。通过MATLAB仿真,验证了算法的可靠性与可行性,并证明其在GPS信号丢失时,精度较纯惯性导航系统有较大提高。     

SINS/GPS组合导航系统Kalman滤波仿真研究

为提高捷联惯导系统SINS和全球定位系统GPS的精度和可靠性,研究了SINS和GPS的原理,建立了SINS/GPS系统的状态方程和位置速度误差量测方程;并采用卡尔曼滤波算法实现了SINS/GPS的组合导航.Matlab仿真结果证明,采用Kalman滤波实现SINS/GPS组合导航,其精度得到大大提高;且采用SINS/GPS组合导航系统,克服了SINS惯性导航难以长时间独立工作的缺点,解决了GPS易失锁、难以实时控制的不足,保证了导航系统的实时性及较高的精度和可靠性.     

多导航传感器的数据融合处理方法研究

在舰船导航过程中为克服单一模型的卡尔曼滤波器对真实系统状态参数发生变化时造成滤波误差过大甚至发散的现象,将多模自适应控制用于导航数据融合处理方法中,设计了组合导航系统的多模型自适应卡尔曼滤波器,通过数字仿真将单一模型的INS/GPS/Doppler组合导航系统与多模自适应控制的组合导航系统的性能进行了比较,表明了多模自适应控制在组合导航系统中可以改善系统的瞬态响应和覆盖大范围的参数不确定性,提高了组合系统的导航精度.     

北斗/GPS无人飞行器动态导航中改进自适应算法

北斗与GPS或其他类型导航设备可构成组合导航系统,为无人飞行器提供高精度、高可靠导航信息。在处理动态导航数据采用"当前"统计模型(CS模型)并利用标准Kalman滤波方法时,系统动态噪声和观测噪声未知且时变,而且加速度上下限值不能自适应于未知运动规律的无人飞行器当前加速度,导致导航精度降低。为此,提出一种适应于飞行器运动状态的改进自适应算法,并应用于北斗/GPS动态导航系统中。实验仿真验证了该算法能有效提高组合导航系统的精度和可靠性,并能更好地自适应于无人飞行器的机动特性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.