碳纳米管和氧化铝混杂增强铝基复合材料的制备及力学性能

采用化学气相沉积结合机械球磨的方法制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)和Al_2O_3颗粒混杂增强铝基复合材料,研究了球磨时间、Al_2O_3含量对复合材料组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:本方法可以获得CNTs和Al_2O_3颗粒在铝基体内的均匀分散。随球磨时间的增加,复合材料的硬度随之增大;当球磨时间为180min时,复合材料硬度达纯铝的2.1倍。此外,随Al_2O_3颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的硬度和压缩屈服强度均不断提高。当Al_2O_3的质量分数为4%时,CNTsAl_2O_3/Al复合材料的硬度达112.1HV,为纯铝的2.8倍;压缩屈服强度达416MPa,为纯铝的4.6倍,说明CNTs和Al_2O_3的混杂加入发挥了良好的协同增强效果。     

基于Isobam注凝成型制备碳纳米管/氧化铝及其性能研究

报道了基于Isobam注凝成型工艺制备的CNTs/Al_2O_3复合陶瓷材料。研究了Isobam对CNTs和Al_2O_3粉体分散效果的影响,CNTs含量对混合陶瓷悬浮体流变性能以及复合材料坯体和烧结体性能的影响。结果表明,当Isobam含量为5%(质量分数),pH值=9～10时,CNTs悬浮液的分散效果最佳。随着CNTs的添加量的增加,混合悬浮体的粘度逐渐升高,凝胶时间呈现先降低后升高的趋势。当CNTs含量为0.3%(质量分数)时,相比于相同条件下纯氧化铝陶瓷,CNTs增强Al_2O_3复合陶瓷的断裂韧性提高了23.7%。     

碳纳米管增强Al_2O_3-SiO_2气凝胶制备及性能研究

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、六水氯化铝(AlCl3·6H_2O)和碳纳米管(CNTs)为硅源、铝源和增强体,采用溶胶-凝胶和超临界二氧化碳干燥制备不同比例CNTs增强Al_2O_3-SiO_2气凝胶,研究了CNTs的加入对Al_2O_3-SiO_2气凝胶压缩强度的影响,并利用扫描电镜、氮气吸附、热重和万能材料试验机对其基本物理性质、微观结构、比表面积和孔结构、热学性能和压缩强度进行了分析。结果表明,随着CNTs含量增加,Al_2O_3-SiO_2气凝胶的密度、收缩率和压缩强度,由不添加CNTs时的0.105g/cm~3、9.1%和0.76MPa增大为添加1.5%(wt,质量分数)CNTs增强时的0.182g/cm3、18.3%和8.59MPa,表明CNTs的加入能有效提高Al_2O_3-SiO_2气凝胶的力学性能。     

等离子喷涂CNTs/Al2O3复合涂层力学性能研究

通过等离子喷涂工艺制备了不同碳纳米管含量的CNTs/Al2O3复合涂层,系统研究了碳纳米管含量对涂层孔隙率、洛氏硬度和断裂韧性的影响规律。实验结果表明:采用喷雾干燥工艺制备的CNTs/Al2O3颗粒为球形,CNTs均匀分布在团聚颗粒的表面;部分CNTs经等离子喷涂后保留在沉积涂层内部并且与Al2O3基体形成冶金结合,起到一定桥接作用。涂层孔隙率和洛氏硬度值均随CNTs含量的增加呈现降低的趋势。随CNTs含量从6%(质量分数)增加到12%(质量分数),CNTs增韧效果的增强和涂层孔隙率的降低导致涂层断裂韧性值从48MPa增加到90MPa。     

聚苯胺/石墨/碳纳米管复合热电材料的制备与表征

以石墨(G)含量为30%的高氯酸掺杂态聚苯胺(HClO4-PANI)为基体,掺入适量碳纳米管(CNTs),通过溶液共混合、机械球磨和冷压成型制备出聚苯胺/石墨/碳纳米管(HClO4-PANI/G/CNTs)复合热电材料。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)和热电仪(ZEM)等对复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征。实验结果表明,HClO4-PANI/G/CNTs复合材料中各组分均匀地复合在一起,其ZT值随着CNTs含量的增加而先升高后降低。在90℃时,碳纳米管含量为7%的HClO4-PANI/G/CNTs复合材料的ZT值最高可达2.43×10-3,高于相同条件下石墨含量为37%的HClO4-PANI/G复合材料,比30%石墨含量的HClO4-PANI/G提高了7倍,比HClO4-PANI提高了3个数量级。     

碳纳米管-ZrB2-SiC陶瓷基复合材料的制备与性能研究

研究了用热压烧结方法制备的不同碳纳米管(CNTs)含量的ZrB₂-SiC- xwt% CNTs (x=0、1.0、2.5、4.0) 复合材料的工艺条件、力学性能和微观结构. 用TEM观察了试样的微观结构, 用SEM观察了试样断口形貌和裂纹扩展情况, 并对其强韧化机制进行了分析. 研究表明, 碳纳米管主要分布沉积在ZrB2颗粒内部, 形成内晶型结构, 在CNTs含量为2.5%时, 相对密度、维氏硬度和弯曲强度分别为99.6%、21.7GPa和542MPa, 断裂韧性达到6.10MPa·m^1/2. 碳纳米管加入后材料致密性提高、晶粒细化,所形成的内晶型结构是材料强度和韧性得以提高的原因.     

高能球磨法制备的CNTs/Al-5%Mg复合材料的力学性能及断裂特性

采用高能球磨法制备了不同质量分数碳纳米管(CNTs)与Al-5%Mg(质量分数)粉末的复合粉末,用热压烧结工艺制备了CNTs/Al-5%Mg复合材料。结果表明:高能球磨法可以将CNTs均匀的分散到基体中,并与其产生良好结合;CNTs具有细化复合粉末晶粒尺寸的作用,当CNTs含量为3%时,复合粉末的平均晶粒尺寸达到最小值为63.6nm,继续增加CNTs的含量,复合粉末平均晶粒尺寸增大;当CNTs含量为2%时,复合材料的抗拉强度和硬度达到最大值,与基体材料相比分别提高了42.39%和36.5%;CNTs/Al-5%Mg复合材料的强化机制为细晶强化和载荷传递。     

Al_6Si_2O_(13)晶须和TiC颗粒复合强化多孔Al_2TiO_5基复合材料

以γ-AlOOH和TiO_2为原料,添加不同质量分数SiC晶须(SiCw),采用无压反应烧结法制备多孔(Al_6Si_2O_(13)+TiC)/Al_2TiO_5复合材料,分析了SiCw质量分数对(Al_6Si_2O_(13)+TiC)/Al_2TiO_5复合材料孔隙率和抗压强度的影响,讨论了SiCw的强化机制。结果表明:不添加SiCw时,产物主要为Al_2TiO_5和少量Al_2O_3,还有少量未反应的TiO_2;加入SiCw之后,还形成了Al_6Si_2O_(13)和TiC相,TiC和Al_6Si_2O_(13)分别以规则颗粒状和晶须形态存在于Al_2TiO_5基体中。TiC颗粒与Al_6Si_2O_(13)晶须通过细化显微组织、裂纹偏转和晶须桥连机制,起到协同强化作用。SiCw的添加使孔隙率和抗压强度同时大幅度提高,随着SiCw质量分数的增加,(Al_6Si_2O_(13)+TiC)/Al_2TiO_5复合材料孔隙率降低,抗压强度提高的速率减小,当SiCw的质量分数为7.2%时,抗压强度最高,达到301.81 MPa。     

碳纳米管含量对纳米复合材料相变特性的影响

以多壁碳纳米管(CNTs)为填料,采用两步法制备了不同质量分数(0.1%~1.0%)的CNTs/石蜡复合相变材料,并对其相变特性进行了实验研究。研究表明,复合材料的相变温度几乎保持不变,但其相变潜热随碳纳米管含量的增加呈降低趋势,熔化时间和凝固时间随碳纳米管含量的增加逐渐缩短,在CNTs质量分数为1.0%时,复合相变潜热值下降了6.3%。熔化时间和凝固时间分别缩短了31.0%和25.5%。复合材料的固、液态导热系数随碳纳米管含量的增加而大幅度提高,在25℃,CNTs质量分数为0.5%时的复合相变材料的导热系数提高了13.2%,体现了良好的强化导热效果。此外,碳纳米管含量较小时,复合相变材料的粘度基本不受碳纳米管加入的影响。碳纳米管质量分数为0.5%和1.0%的复合相变材料的粘度比纯石蜡的粘度提高了1.0%和1.5%,说明碳纳米管含量是影响复合相变材料粘度的一个主要因素,进而影响复合材料的相变特性。     

CNTs/SiC_p/AZ91D镁基复合材料的力学性能研究

采用搅拌铸造法制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)与碳化硅颗粒(SiC_p)增强AZ91D镁基复合材料,对复合材料的力学性能进行了测试,对其显微组织进行观察和分析。结果表明:增强相使复合材料的晶粒细化,与基体合金相比,当CNTs、SiC_p含量分别是1.1 vol%、3 vol%时,复合材料的弹性模量为70.8 GPa,比基体提高了57.3%。当SiC_p含量一定时,复合材料的延伸率随CNTs含量的增加先增加后减小;对于只含镀镍CNTs的复合材料而言,当CNTs的体积分数为1.1%时,复合材料的延伸率最大,最高值达到了13.81,比基体材料提高了近60.6%,而1.1 vol%CNTs/2 vol%SiC_p/Mg的延展率比基体略有降低。当CNT体积分数一定,复合材料的延伸率均随SiC_p含量的增加而减小。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.