长效超疏水铜表面的构建及耐磨性和自清洁性能

改善超疏水表面的普适性、稳定性和耐磨性是超疏水材料实用化的前提。本研究通过水热反应和表面修饰成功制得接触角达156.2°、滚动角为3~4°的铜基超疏水表面。利用接触角测量、扫描电镜观察、XRD测试、红外光谱和EDS分析对超疏水铜表面的润湿性能、表面微结构、相结构和化学结构进行了分析表征。结果表明:所制备的超疏水表面是由大量Cu₂S晶粒堆积形成的微纳米二元结构及接枝的疏水长链构成,二者共同赋予铜基超疏水表面广泛的普适性和良好的稳定性。同时,该超疏水表面具有良好的耐磨性和优异的自清洁性能。本工作对此项性能产生的原因和机理进行了分析探讨,以期为超疏水材料在实际生产和生活中的应用奠定基础。     

超疏水铝合金表面的防覆冰和防黏附行为

通过硬脂酸的醇水溶液一步浸泡法成功获得超疏水铝合金表面,其水接触角可达156.2°,滚动角小于5°.利用接触角测试、扫描电镜、红外光谱观测、结冰实验与防黏附实验分别对超疏水铝合金表面的润湿性能、表面微结构、化学结构以及防覆冰和防黏附行为进行了研究.结果表明:所制得的超疏水表面是由微-纳“多孔”结构和疏水烃基长链所共同赋予的.正是由于其特殊的粗糙结构和化学组成,使得该超疏水表面表现出良好的防覆冰和防黏附行为.     

聚合物/疏水性SiO2超疏水复合涂层的制备及表征

使用低密度聚乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和疏水性SiO2为原料,通过简单的共混涂膜方法在玻璃基底上制得了具有超疏水性能的聚乙烯/疏水性SiO2和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/疏水性SiO2复合涂层;用接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜、X-射线光电子能谱仪等分析手段对涂层的润湿性能、微观结构以及表面化学成分等进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的两种聚合物/疏水性SiO2复合涂层的静态水接触角都超过150°,滚动角低至3.0°。聚合物和疏水性SiO2共混涂膜后形成了类似于荷叶的微纳米二元结构,是其表面具有优异超疏水性能的主要原因。     

钢辊热压微模塑-可控剥离法构建聚乙烯超疏水表面

人工超疏水表面能否简单、环保、经济地量产对其实际应用有重要影响。本研究以滚压成型的表面含微坑的钢辊为模板,采用简单的热压微模塑-可控剥离工艺制备了聚乙烯超疏水表面,接触角大于150°,滚动角约为5°。扫描电镜观察表明,钢辊表面具有均匀网格状微米级浅坑,以此为模板微模塑制备的聚乙烯超疏水表面布满明显拉长的微米级山形结构和亚微米级毛刺结构。本文首次报道了直接应用钢辊制备聚合物超疏水表面,可望结合塑料薄膜流延生产工艺,实现聚合物超疏水薄膜或表面规模化生产。     

金属基体超疏水表面抗凝露抗结霜特性的研究进展

本文综述了近几年金属基体超疏水表面抗凝露抗结霜特性的研究进展。总结了金属基体超疏水表面抗凝露抗结霜特性的实验研究,指出微纳米复合结构和纳米结构超疏水表面都有抗凝露抗结霜性能,但两者性能优劣并无定论。关于超疏水表面抗凝露抗结霜的机理,部分研究者认为是超疏水表面凝结水形成有较大能量势垒,另一部分研究者认为纳米结构超疏水表面液体自迁移现象对其抗凝露抗结霜有重要的影响。目前,超疏水表面与空气换热的研究还不够充分,这方面的深入研究能够为超疏水表面应用到微通道换热器中提供理论基础。     

钢铁表面超疏水膜的制备与表征

采用水热法结合氟硅烷修饰直接在钢铁表面制备超疏水膜。疏水膜的疏水性与钢铁基底的微纳米结构有重要关系。结果表明,以乙二胺为溶剂,经140℃水热反应4h和160℃水热反应5h,可以在钢铁表面制得具有次级网状结构的正八面体、花状等微纳米精细结构,再经氟硅烷修饰后表现出良好的超疏水性,与水滴的接触角分别达到156.49和165.31°。XRD的分析结果表明,该微纳米结构的主要成分是Fe3O4,它的形成一方面提供了制备超疏水表面所必须的微纳米精细结构,另一方面又为与氟硅烷发生反应生成牢固的薄膜创造了条件。电化学分析结果表明,超疏水膜层的存在显著降低了钢铁基底的腐蚀倾向。     

包装用白铁皮超疏水表面构建

目的研究包装用白铁皮超疏水表面膜层构建工艺,并确定最佳工艺参数。方法采用相分离方法在白铁皮表面构建超疏水膜层,研究溶解温度、PP-g-MAH用量、乙醇用量及干燥温度对白铁皮表面超疏水性能的影响。结果试验表明,当溶解温度为118℃,PP-g-MAH的质量浓度为10 g/L,乙醇为0.45 m L,干燥温度为10℃时,所制备的白铁皮超疏水表面超疏水效果最好,接触角达到155.7°,滚动角只有3°。结论疏水白铁皮具有超疏水性、自清洁性、防腐蚀性等优异性能,在包装应用上具有一定的实用价值。     

仿生超疏水性表面及其制备研究进展

近年来,由于仿生超疏水性表面在自清洁、防腐蚀、微流体系统和生物相容性等方面所显示的独特性能以及在国防、工农业生产和日常生活中的潜在应用前景,有关超疏水性表面的研究引起了极大的关注。综述了超疏水性表面研究的最新进展,较为系统地对超疏水性表面的制备方法进行了评述。     

电火花线切割制备超疏水多孔钛及其油水分离的应用

利用电火花线切割的方法制备具有双尺度结构的超疏水多孔钛表面,用于实现油水混合物的分离。以多孔钛为基材,通过电火花线切割的方法在表面加工出阵列微沟槽结构,该表面经过全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷的低表面能修饰后,制得超疏水多孔钛表面。利用接触角测试仪和电子显微镜等手段对超疏水多孔钛表面进行润湿性测量和形貌特征的分析,利用油水分离器测试超疏水多孔钛的油水分离能力。制备的超疏水多孔钛表面的接触角为162.6°,滚动角为0.5°,表现出低的粘附性。在油水分离试验中,超疏水多孔钛对于不同的油水混合物的分离率超过98%,耐压性测试发现该表面具有较好的耐压性能。化学稳定性测试和耐腐蚀性测试表明,超疏水多孔钛比基材具有更好的化学稳定性和耐腐蚀性。     

超疏水表面微纳结构设计与制备及润湿行为调控(Ⅱ)

超疏水表面因其优异的自洁排水性能可望在高科技领域和日常生活等方面有美好的应用前景。目前通过对荷叶表面微纳结构仿生已达到在亲水材料上制备超疏水表面的准商业化水平。然而,超疏水表面现有制备方法一般都工艺复杂和费用高昂,同时其超疏水性与其他材料性能很难相容,限制了其实际应用。对此,特别需要深入理论研究,优化设计表面微纳结构,同时充分利用外界作用调控其润湿行为,实现其在某些高科技领域的率先应用。针对超疏水表面研究的这些关键问题,重点评述了当前超疏水表面理论研究特别是表面几何设计方面的最新进展,总结了目前国内外制备超疏水表面的流行技术方法,进而讨论了利用外界作用调控超疏水行为的可能性。     

Fabrication of polyethylene surface with stable superhydrophobicity by nanoparticle assisted thermal micromolding process

Superhydrophobic surface with lotus leaf effect has many practical and potential applications in different fields. In this paper, a novel process based on nanoparticle assisted thermal micromolding was developed to create polyethylene superhydrophobic surface. Briefly, a thin layer of TiO2 nanoparticles was first coated on the featured surface of the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp replicated from a fresh lotus leaf. Then low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was thermally pressed onto such TiO2 coated stamp. A control process was also performed by thermally pressing TiO2/LDPE nanocomposite material onto a blank PDMS stamp. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and contact angle measurements showed that the surfaces of LDPE films replicated from stamp coated with TiO2 had more delicate nano-structures and higher water contact angles (> or = 155 degrees) than those replicated from the blank stamp. Moreover, the superhydrophobic surface formed by TiO2 assisted micromolding was relatively stable under water stream with high pressure. This study shows that nanoparticle assisted micromolding is an alternative technique to other techniques for large scale production of superhydrophobic polymeric films.     

Highly transparent, flexible, and thermally stable superhydrophobic ORMOSIL aerogel thin films

We report preparation of highly transparent, flexible, and thermally stable superhydrophobic organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) aerogel thin films from colloidal dispersions at ambient conditions. The prepared dispersions are suitable for large area processing with ease of coating and being directly applicable without requiring any pre- or post-treatment on a variety of surfaces including glass, wood, and plastics. ORMOSIL films exhibit and retain superhydrophobic behavior up to 500 °C and even on bent flexible substrates. The surface of the films can be converted from superhydrophobic (contact angle of 179.9°) to superhydrophilic (contact angle of <5°) by calcination at high temperatures. The wettability of the coatings can be changed by tuning the calcination temperature and duration. The prepared films also exhibit low refractive index and high porosity making them suitable as multifunctional coatings for many application fields including solar cells, flexible electronics, and lab on papers.     

Superhydrophobic surfaces with hierarchical structure

The physics related to superhydrophobic surfaces has been investigated with attention of its potential applications in a variety of industrial and research fields. In the present study, we report a facile method for preparing superhydrophobic surfaces based on micro and nano scaled structures. Composite thin films are formed by using SiO₂ nanoparticles and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The static contact angle, advancing contact angle, and receding contact angle are measured to investigate the surfaces' water repelling property. The formed SiO₂-PDMS composite films, with different nanoparticle concentrations and sizes, can render the surfaces with superhydrophobicicty, exhibiting large contact angles and small contact angle hysteresis. The composite films are observed by using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It is demonstrated that the hierarchical structure in micro and nano scale on the surface, plays an important role in prompting the superhydrophobic (water-repelling) properties. Wetting phenomena and related theories are also discussed within the paper.     

Superhydrophobic polymer films via aerosol assisted deposition — Taking a leaf out of nature's book

Aerosol assisted deposition of three sets of polymer films based on commercially available resins was achieved on various substrates. The films were characterised using a range of methods, including water contact and slip angle to determine water repellent properties. The aerosol assisted deposition inside the chemical vapour deposition reactor was unique in generating a highly rough superhydrophobic surface with water contact angles up to 170°. During the deposition process, two of the polymers were cured resulting in the development of high surface morphology. It was observed that the polymer that did not cure did not develop such a rough surface resulting in a lower water contact angle (∼ 99°). The superhydrophobic films had a Cassie-Baxter type wetting with water failing to penetrate the surface porosity, water spraying on the surface would bounce off. These films had exceptionally low slide angles of ca 1-2° from the horizontal.     

Free-standing functional graphene reinforced carbon films with excellent mechanical properties and superhydrophobic characteristic

In this work, we reported a simple method to fabricate novel free-standing stiff carbon-based composite films with excellent mechanical properties and superhydrophobic behaviors. The free-standing stiff carbon composite films based on reduced graphene oxide/glassy carbon (rGO/GC) were prepared by the combination of in-situ polymerization and carbonization process. The obtained composite films exhibited excellent mechanical properties by the addition of rGO nanosheets. It was found that incorporating 0.5 wt.% of rGO sheets in GC precursors resulted in enhancements of 99% in strength (202.6 MPa) and 184% in modulus (33.8 GPa), respectively. More interestingly, carbon nanoarrays were uniformly grown on the surface of composite films by the incorporation of rGO sheets. Superhydrophobic surfaces of carbon films were subsequently formed through functionalizing carbon nanoarrays with Trichloro(1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl)silane. Contact angle (CA) analysis suggested that superhydrophobic surfaces with a CA as high as 155° could be formed through optimizing the fabrication process.     

电沉积法制备低碳钢超疏水表面及其耐蚀性能

电沉积法制备超疏水表面优势明显,但施加电压较高。采用一步快速电沉积法在低碳钢表面制备超疏水膜,测试了超疏水膜的接触角、形貌,通过动电位极化曲线研究了超疏水膜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能,优选了超疏水膜的制备工艺。结果表明:超疏水膜最佳制备工艺条件为电解液组成0.20mol/L硬脂酸+0.1%HCl,电沉积电压8V,电沉积时间16h;最优工艺所制备的超疏水膜接触角达到了153°,在3.5%NaCl溶液中的缓蚀效率高达99.1%。     

超疏水SiO2/PS 薄膜于木材表面的构建

通过溶胶-凝胶法一步合成疏水性且具备独特形貌的二氧化硅粒子,联合聚苯乙烯以滴涂的方式于木材表面仿生合成了稳定性超疏水薄膜。经处理后的木材表面与水的静态接触角为153°,滚动角小于5°。通过扫描电子显微镜照片观察到该复合涂层拥有微米/亚微米的二维等级粗糙结构,该结构协同低表面能物质共同决定超疏水性木材的成功制得。此外,进一步研究了超疏水性木材表面的稳定性和耐久性。结果表明,该超疏水性木材于水、腐蚀性液体(酸液/碱液)、常见有机溶剂中以及一些常见条件下仍保留超疏水特性,为未来木材材料的应用领域扩展提供了有利条件。     

透明超疏水聚乙烯薄膜的制备及性能分析

目的研究包装透明超疏水聚乙烯(PE)薄膜的制备方法及其性能。方法以纳米二氧化硅和无水乙醇为原料,将纳米二氧化硅溶于无水乙醇制得二氧化硅半透明溶液,采用浸渍提拉法将PE膜在二氧化硅溶液中浸泡数分钟后提拉取出并自然干燥,然后用扫描电子显微镜、接触角测量仪、透光率雾度测定仪测量膜表面的性能,并进行研究分析,用污水浸泡样品数天后测量其抗污性。结果成功制备了透明超疏水PE薄膜,其表面与水的接触角高达(171±2)°,滚动角低至1°。当纳米二氧化硅的质量浓度为10 mg/mL时,其薄膜表面表现出了优异的透明性、防水性和抗污染自清洁性。结论采用简易方法制备了透明超疏水聚乙烯塑料薄膜,提高了聚乙烯膜超疏水自清洁的性能,大大增强了聚乙烯膜在包装领域的应用前景。     

超疏水表面融霜演化行为及排液特性

及时脱除热力除霜后冷表面残留液滴,可以延缓二次结霜。本文对室温环境下超疏水表面融霜演化行为进行了微观可视化观测,对比分析了表面倾角对裸铝表面(接触角88. 0°)及超疏水表面(接触角151. 1°)融霜排液的影响。实验结果表明,水平超疏水表面融霜过程存在单液膜卷曲收缩及多液滴合并两种行为,较大的静态接触角及较小的接触角滞后是促使多液滴合并的主要原因。与倾斜裸表面融霜过程存在大量残留液滴不同,超疏水表面融霜液可实现自排除;当表面倾角>30°时,超疏水表面排液率可达90%以上。结合表面润湿特性及表面倾角推导出表面液滴临界脱落半径,与实验结果吻合较好。     

碱式硫酸镁晶须复合SiO2纳米粒子制备高/低黏附性超疏水涂层

超疏水材料因性能独特,应用前景广阔而被广泛关注。本文采用碱式硫酸镁晶须(MOSWs)与二氧化硅纳米粒子制备超疏水涂层,首先对MOSWs及50 nm、500 nm SiO₂进行表面改性以降低表面能,然后基于混料实验将三者按比例混合以构造表面粗糙度,以接触角、滚动角及平均粗糙度R_a为响应变量建立回归模型,分析了混合分量的形貌、尺寸与混合比例对响应变量的影响,并探讨了超疏水涂层微观结构对水滴黏附性的影响以及粗糙度与超疏水性能之间的关系。结果表明：MOSWs复合SiO₂纳米粒子可制备具有不同黏附性的超疏水涂层,单独使用MOSWs可制备高黏附性超疏水涂层,其接触角达152.59°,涂层水平倒置水滴不滴落;而MOSWs与50 nm SiO₂以相同质量分数混合,可制备低黏附性超疏水涂层,其接触角达163.25°,滚动角可趋近0°。所制备涂层的平均粗糙度R_a值位于5～10μm之间时,接触角较大,滚动角较小,超疏水性能较佳。