考虑气流激振效应的离心式压缩机叶轮强度分析＊

以往离心式压缩机的叶轮强度设计主要基于静力分析结果,忽略了非定常气动力引起的脉动应力。工程实际表明,许多叶轮的破坏并非静强度不足,而是材料的高周疲劳破坏。考虑离心式压缩机叶轮的非定常气流激振效应,给出了动应力计算和结果后处理过程中应注意的几个问题。气流激振下的动应力分析可以确定叶轮在气动荷载和机械荷载联合作用下的交变应力,为疲劳分析和可靠性设计打下基础。     

离心压缩机叶轮尾流激振载荷特性对动应力的影响

阐述叶轮尾流激振机理及尾流激振引起的振动应力的计算方法。通过对非定常CFD计算结果处理得到叶轮气动载荷特性,并详细分析了叶轮通过频率载荷幅值与相位分布。利用完全载荷模型进行叶轮动应力计算。将完全载荷模型得到的动应力结果与简化相位分布的载荷模型、简化幅值与相位分布的载荷模型得到的动应力结果进行比较,分析简化模型的不足。可为叶轮设计中动应力的准确预估和叶轮疲劳破坏机理的研究提供参考。     

基于ABAQUS的离心叶轮力学性能研究

介绍了离心叶轮疲劳破坏的原因,利用有限元方法,通过对离心叶轮模态与尾流激振响应分析,研究了离心叶轮是否发生轮盘叶片耦合振动及单只叶片振动,得到危险工况点,计算出离心力、稳态气流力及非稳态交变应力,运用Goodman的方法修正载荷谱,并计算出疲劳寿命。     

流固耦合下轴流压气机叶片振动特性数值研究

气流扰动触发的叶片振动是导致叶片疲劳失效的主要原因,针对此问题,首先,建立叶片流固耦合时域计算模型,研究叶片振动特性,并进行叶片失效分析;其次,建立压气机叶片振动分析模型,结合叶片振动试验来验证模型的有效性;然后,考虑气体与叶片的耦合作用,通过数值仿真模拟得到典型工况下的叶片表面气动载荷,并将其引入旋转叶片有限元振动分析模型进行叶片振动响应计算;最后,引入坎贝尔图确定叶片危险工况,得到危险工况下的叶片动应力分布,并进行叶片疲劳失效分析。结果表明:临界工况下叶片振动应力分布与发生共振的模态振型密切相关;临界转速下叶片发生的1阶共振是造成叶片失效的主因。     

气流激振力作用下离心叶轮的瞬态响应分析

为研究流场中离心叶轮受气流激振的瞬态响应问题,利用叶盘结构的循环对称性编制计算程序,实现了使用单扇区模型计算非循环对称力作用下离心叶轮的受迫振动。应用时间倾斜方法计算非等栅距情况下导叶/叶轮干涉的非定常流场,将叶片表面的气动力数据由流体网格插值到结构网格。使用FEAST求解器计算基本扇区各节径下的振型数据,并将其由基本扇区展开至所有扇区,根据各扇区所受周期激励的时间差建立载荷矢量,结构动力方程的时域积分使用Newmark方法完成。以一半开式径向叶轮为例,进行了两种转速下叶盘结构的瞬态响应分析。单扇区模型与整体模型计算的位移响应结果符合较好,两个潜在共振点附近激振频率的振动响应均呈现出近于发散变化的趋势,表明了算法的正确性和预测气流激励导致共振的有效性。     

时序效应对离心压缩机叶片非定常气动负荷影响

针对国内某大型企业不同机组离心压缩机叶轮叶片进行非定常流动数值分析,通过求解三维瞬态N-S方程组,得到流场分布和叶片表面的静压载荷信息。利用数值实验方法获得离心压缩机不同时序位置叶轮叶片表面动载荷的变化,并通过傅里叶变换得到叶轮叶片表面动载荷的分布特性,进而分析不同时序位置叶轮叶片表面气动负荷的差异。数值计算表明,时序效应对离心压缩机流道内流动以及叶轮叶片的非定常气动负荷存在不可忽略的影响,且合适的时序位置具有改进压缩机级性能的潜能。动载荷是压缩机叶轮叶片结构发生疲劳破坏的诱因,且不同机组离心压缩机中的时序效应对气动载荷的影响具有一致性。     

基于ANSYS的压气机叶轮振动特性有限元仿真分析

车用涡轮增压器的压气机叶轮常常因为振动而导致破坏,对压气机叶轮进行模态分析是避免叶轮与激振频率发生共振的常用手段,能有效避免因发生共振而导致的叶轮破坏问题。利用AN-SYS软件,采用子结构分析方法对压气机叶轮的中低阶固有频率进行了数值仿真计算,获得了不同转速和不同节径时的频率,并根据计算结果绘制了Campbell图,找出了与压气机叶轮固有频率产生共振的转速,为压气机叶轮的优化设计提供了依据,同时说明采用子结构分析的方法可以较精确地获得整体模型的低阶固有频率解。     

轴流通风机叶片模态仿真及其对气动噪声的影响

利用有限元模型对叶轮模态进行了计算，判断分析了各阶模态振型对气动噪声的影响程度，求解中利用了ANSYS的模态循环对称功能，同时分析了旋转软化、应力强化对叶轮真实运转状况下模态频率的影响。     

离心式压缩机叶轮非定常流动特性及动力响应研究进展

评述了近年来关于离心式压缩机叶轮在非定常气流激振状态下的流动特性及动力响应的研究进展。在流体动力学方面,总结了叶轮内部流场在非定常工况下的脉动和不稳定特性研究;在固体动力学方面,总结了在瞬态流场激振下的叶轮动力响应分析方法。指出应在气动载荷特性分析的基础上,深入研究流-固耦合激振机理、振动响应随流动特性的变化规律,开发高效、可靠的叶轮随机振动响应分析方法,为大型压缩机叶轮的疲劳设计、损伤评定和寿命预估打下基础。     

基于谐响应分析的水环境下核主泵叶轮动应力研究

准确计算核主泵叶轮在流体介质中的动应力对核主泵安全可靠运行具有十分重要的意义。本文开展了基于谐响应分析的叶轮动应力的研究,完成了叶轮模态分析、阻尼比分析,压力脉动分析以及动应力分析。得到了叶轮各阶模态频率、叶轮阻尼比以及压力荷载,并对比了缩尺模型实验与数值模拟水力性能,计算了叶轮动应力。结果表明,叶轮湿模态频率比干模态频率低;叶轮流体介质阻尼比比材料阻尼比大一个数量级,并且基本不随着振幅变化;缩尺模型试验与数值模拟水力性能最大误差为2.8%;叶片表面压力脉动主要表现为转频及其谐频振动;叶轮共振模态为1节径1模态,最大动应力为2.02MPa。本文通过分析叶轮模态、阻尼比、压力荷载以及动应力,提供了水环境下叶轮动应力分析方法。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....