三呋咱并氧杂环庚三烯（TFO）合成研究

呋咱醚类含能化合物因其具有熔点低、能量高、塑性强的优点,目前已成为含能材料研究领域的热点之一。本文自行设计了呋咱环醚含能化合物三呋咱并氧杂环庚三烯(TFO)分子结构和合成方法,以3,4-双(3’-硝基呋咱-4’-基)呋咱(BNTF)为原料,在无水乙腈中进行分子内硝基醚化反应,首次合成了呋咱环醚含能化合物TFO(Scheme 1),收率为55.2%,纯度     

联氮杂芳环含能化合物研究进展

联氮杂芳环化合物是一类重要的富氮含能化合物,是国内外含能材料研究领域热点之一。氮杂芳环可通过N—N、C—N单键等不同键合方式而获得种类繁多的联氮杂芳环含能化合物,主要包含对称型与非对称型两类结构,也可按双环、三环及多环等环系特征进行分类。综述了呋咱、多氮唑等富氮环系通过N—N、C—N单键键合所形成的联氮杂芳环含能化合物研究进展,重点评述了联氮杂芳环的构建方法及其含能化合物合成技术途径探索,同时,简要介绍了典型联氮杂芳环含能化合物的物化与爆轰性能。发展简捷、高效及条件温和的新型环系合成方法,引入新型高能基团,设计新型联氮杂芳环含能化合物应是今后该领域研究的重点。     

氧化呋咱合成策略、反应机理及其在含能材料研发中的应用

氧化呋咱是蕴含“潜硝基”片段的富氮芳环结构,其骨架致密性与突出的生成焓水平使其成为含能材料等领域的重要分子骨架。特殊的氮氧原子排布显著提升了氧化呋咱互变异构的倾向,而互变异构体的存在降低了氧化呋咱骨架的稳定性同时增加了其合成的难度。本文综述了基于不同策略的氧化呋咱的合成方法研究,以氧化呋咱骨架本身的制备反应机理为重点,分析比较了不同合成方法的优势与不足,并进一步总结了以氧化呋咱合成策略为基础的含能化合物研发进展。鉴于氧化呋咱本身的高致密性、高氧平衡、高生成焓特点,以氧化呋咱结构为基础的含能结构仍将是高能量密度材料研发的重点方向。     

呋咱含能衍生物合成研究进展

系统地论述了从3，4－二氨基呋咱（DAF）到链状呋咱化合物、大环呋咱化合物等呋咱含能化合物的合成及其性能特点。     

3，3＇-二（3-氨基呋咱基氧化呋咱-4-基）-4，4＇-偶氮呋咱的合成与表征

含呋咱（氧化呋咱）环的含能化合物具有许多优异的炸药性能：标准生成焓高，富含氮氧，能量密度优异，分子稳定性好，熔点较低，是炸药界研究热点之一。3，4-二（氨基呋咱基）氧化呋咱（BAFF）爆速较高，热稳定性良好，机械感度低，是一种新型高能低感炸药。本课题组以其为基本结构单元通过偶氮、氧化偶氮等设计出了系列BAFF衍生物。本文首次报道了该类衍生物之一——3，3＇-二（3-氨基呋咱基氧化呋咱-4-基）-4，4＇-偶氮呋咱（BAFFaF）的合成与表征。     

氧化呋咱衍生物的合成研究进展

综述了实验室构筑氧化呋咱环的常用方法。讨论了合成氧化呋咱衍生物的前体化合物———3氨基4叠氮羰基氧化呋咱的各种制备方法及其优缺点。介绍了含苯环的氧化呋咱衍生物的合成方法,如由苯环上邻位硝基和叠氮基热解脱氮或氧化邻硝基苯胺的氨基得到苯并氧化呋咱环,以及氧化与苯环直接键合的碳碳双键生成氧化呋咱环等。     

3, 3′-二（3-氨基呋咱基氧化呋咱-4-基）-4, 4′-偶氮呋咱的合成与表征

含呋咱(氧化呋咱)环的含能化合物具有许多优异的炸药性能: 标准生成焓高,富含氮氧,能量密度优异,分子稳定性好,熔点较低,是炸药界研究热点之一.3,4-二(氨基呋咱基)氧化呋咱(BAFF)爆速较高,热稳定性良好,机械感度低,是一种新型高能低感炸药.本课题组以其为基本结构单元通过偶氮、氧化偶氮等设计出了系列BAFF衍生物.本文首次报道了该类衍生物之一--3,3′-二(3-氨基呋咱基氧化呋咱-4-基)-4,4′-偶氮呋咱(BAFFaF)的合成与表征.     

五硝基六氮杂三环十四烷并双氧化呋咱的合成和性质

以六氮杂三环十四烷并双呋咱(HTTD)[Ⅰ]为原料进行硝化,合成了五硝基六氮杂三环十四烷并双氧化呋咱(PHTTD)[Ⅱ]、乙酰基五硝基六氮杂三环十四烷并双氧化呋咱二水合物(APHTTD)[Ⅲ]和PHTTD[Ⅱc]及PHTTD[Ⅱ]与含氧分子(H2O、二氧六环等)形成相应的分子配合物[Ⅱa]、[Ⅱb]等,与含氧分子形成配(缔)合物是呋咱和氧化呋咱型稠环硝胺单质化合物的共性。利用元素分析、红外光谱、质谱对其结构进行了鉴定。     

3,4-二氨基呋咱基氧化呋咱的合成

以丙二腈为原料经三步反应合成出含能材料3,4-二氨基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DAFF).利用IR,MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR和元素分析对其分子结构进行了鉴定,给出了DAFF及其两种中间体的紫外特征吸收波长.该物质是一种重要的前体化合物,由它可以衍生出系列重要的由呋咱环和氧化呋咱环共同构建的高能量密度化合物.     

呋咱醚含能化合物研究进展

呋咱醚含能化合物是一类重要的含能材料,具有熔点较低、能量较高、塑性强的优点。从20世纪90年代起始,该类含能化合物已成为含能材料研究领域重要方向之一。本文综述了对称与非对称呋咱醚含能化合物的醚化合成方法,全面介绍了典型含能化合物FOF-1、FOF-2、FOF-11以及FOF-13的合成、性能及应用研究进展。设计出11种未见文献报道的呋咱醚含能化合物结构,并采用半经验计算方法 PM3进行了物化与爆轰性能预估,其中2种呋咱醚含能化合物密度大于1.90 g·cm-3、爆速大于9000 m·s-1。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.