建筑彩钢复合板用聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的研制

以聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚异氰酸酯PAPI、泡沫稳定剂、复合催化剂、发泡剂HCFC-141b、复合阻燃剂等为原料,制备了用于建筑彩钢复合板的组合聚醚及改性聚异氰脲酸酯(PIR)泡沫。该组合聚醚具有较好的流动性及贮存稳定性;泡沫制品压缩强度高,导热系数低,阻燃性能好,尺寸稳定性佳,与钢板的粘接强度大,完全满足连续法彩钢复合板对短脱模时间、高泡沫强度、高阻燃性等方面的要求,产品性能与国外同类产品相当。同时讨论了多元醇、催化剂、阻燃剂等因素对泡沫性能的影响。     

建筑用聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的研制

以聚醚多元醇,聚酯多元醇,多异氰酸酯PAPI,复合催化剂,发泡剂HCFC－141b等为原料,制备了用于建筑隔热板材的组合聚醚主性聚异氰脲酸酯（PIR）泡沫,该组合聚醚具有较好的贮存稳定性,泡沫制品的密度约38kg/m^3,压缩强度约222kPa ,拉伸强度约256kPa,导热系约0.019W/(m.K),阻燃性能符合GB8624 B2级,尺寸稳定性良,产品性能与国外同类产品相当,讨论了催化剂等因素对泡沫性能的影响,该产品主要用于建筑用夹心板材。     

高回弹聚氨酯软质泡沫生产中组合聚醚的稳定性探讨

介绍了高回弹软质聚氨酯泡沫生产中组合聚醚的化学反应及影响因素，对泡沫生产工艺和制品性能的影响、组合聚醚在贮存中保持其稳定性的方法进行了探讨。     

甲酸甲酯在间歇法聚氨酯硬泡板材中的发泡应用研究

以甲酸甲酯和水作为间歇板材用硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料发泡剂,研究了不同发泡剂配比对聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响。结果表明,甲酸甲酯发泡剂可以显著降低组合聚醚黏度,提高泡沫流动性能。当甲酸甲酯与水质量比为2.5∶1.0时,制得的泡沫尺寸稳定性好、泡沫表皮更加均匀细腻。以甲酸甲酯为发泡剂生产的聚氨酯间歇板材符合板材生产企业标准要求。     

高密度阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研制

以聚醚多元醇、PAPI、泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、阻燃剂、发泡剂和玻璃纤维等为原料 ,制得了一种高密度、高阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫结构材料。探讨了组合聚醚、发泡剂、泡沫稳定性、阻燃剂等的类型及用量对材料性能的影响 ,确定了材料的适宜配方。实验结果表明 ,2种阻燃剂复合使用 ,每 10 0g聚醚混合物加入 15g复合阻燃剂、7～ 9g发泡剂HCFC 14 1b、5 %玻璃纤维 ,制得的增强阻燃聚氨酯结构泡沫材料的性能为 :泡沫密度 30 0kg/m3 ,导热系数 0 .0 5W /(m·K) ,压缩强度 5 .4 8MPa ,吸水率 0 .16g/10 0cm2 ,氧指数 2 7～ 2 8,该材料的性能达到或超过了国外同类产品的水平。     

环戊烷发泡剂/组合聚醚体系的研究

通过相容性、自由发泡、模具发泡和流动性实验对环戊烷发泡剂/组合聚醚体系进行了研究。探讨了聚醚多元醇、催化剂和泡沫稳定剂对聚氨酯发泡体系性能的影响。结果表明:用环戊烷发泡剂/组合聚醚体系制备的聚氨酯泡沫流动性好成,本低泡,沫性能符合冰箱及冰柜指标要求。     

低密度高硬度高回弹泡沫用组合料的开发

采用预聚体法对TDI进行改性制备低密度高硬度高回弹泡沫用组合聚醚,并与传统配方配制的较高密度泡沫用的组合聚醚在模塑制品性能方面作分析比较发现,密度为30kg/m3时的各项性能指标均接近或超过传统配方配制的密度为40kg/m3时的各项性能指标,可在保证制品性能的同时降低成本,显示出低密度高硬度高回弹泡沫用组合聚醚的市场优势。     

4min快速脱模环戊烷型组合聚醚

开发了一种以聚醚多元醇、泡沫稳定剂、叔胺催化剂、环戊烷、水等原料配置的组合聚醚,可用于4 min快速脱模冰箱组合料的生产.讨论了聚醚多元醇、催化剂、泡沫稳定剂、环戊烷等对快速脱模的影响.结果表明,该组合聚醚贮存稳定性好,制得的的泡沫性能优良,能满足4 min快速脱模冰箱组合料的生产.     

辐射交联PE泡沫及其复合板的声学性能研究

以辐射交联聚乙烯泡沫为芯层，与阻尼板、人造革等复合，制备了多层复合结构板材，并重点研究了辐射交联PE泡沫及其多层复合结构板材的吸声、隔声性能。研究结果表明，采用多层复合结构技术将辐射交联PE泡沫与其他材料优化组合，制成复合板材，可明显提高其吸隔声性能。     

集装箱用组合聚醚的研制与应用

通过对组合聚醚中各种原料的筛选，选出性能互补的聚醚，配以合适的催化剂、泡沫稳定剂，调配出性能良好的集装箱用组合聚醚，其综合性能已达到了国外同类产品水平。     

挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的阻燃技术现状与发展趋势

综述了挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（XPS）的阻燃技术现状;分析了XPS泡沫塑料的阻燃机理;着重介绍了六溴环十二烷（HBCD）对XPS泡沫塑料的阻燃作用,以及影响HBCD阻燃效果发挥的几种因素。最后,指出了今后XPS泡沫塑料阻燃技术的发展趋势。     

A flame‐retardant composite foam: foaming polyurethane in melamine formaldehyde foam skeleton

A composite foam, polyurethane–melamine formaldehyde (PU/MF) foam, was prepared through foaming PU resins in the three‐dimensional netlike skeleton of MF foam. The chemical structure, morphology, cell size and distribution, flame retardancy, thermal properties and mechanical properties of such composite foam were systematically investigated. It was found that the PU/MF foam possessed better fire retardancy than pristine PU foam and achieved self‐extinguishment. Moreover, no melt dripping occurred due to the contribution of the carbonized MF skeleton network. In order to further improve the flame retardancy of the composite foam, a small amount of a phosphorus flame retardant (ammonium polyphosphate) and a char‐forming agent (pentaerythritol) were incorporated into the foam, together with the nitrogen‐rich MF, thus constituting an intumescent flame‐retardant (IFR) system. Owing to the IFR system, the flame‐retardant PU/MF foam can generate a large bulk of expanded char acting as an efficient shielding layer to hold back the diffusion of heat and oxygen. As a result, the flame‐retardant PU/MF foam achieved a higher limiting oxygen index of 31.2% and exhibited immediate self‐extinguishment. It exhibited significantly reduced peak heat release rate and total heat release, as well as higher char residual ratio compared to PU foam. Furthermore, the composite foam also showed obviously improved mechanical performance in comparison with PU foam. Overall, the present investigation provided a new approach for fabricating a polymer composite foam with satisfactory flame retardancy and good comprehensive properties. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Lightweight and flame retardant fluorosilicone rubber composited foam prepared by supercritical nitrogen

Improving the flame retardancy and lightweight of fluorosilicone rubber (FSR) foam is important for its application in aerospace, rail transportation, petrochemical equipment, etc. In this work, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and expandable graphite (EG) were used as synergistic flame retardants, and the lightweight FSR composite foam with flame retardancy was prepared by supercritical N₂ foaming. When there were 12.5 phr APP and 7.5 phr EG, the composite foam with density of 0.254 g/cm³ showed superiority in foaming performance and flame retardancy, and the limit oxygen index was 36.4%, the UL-94 grade reached V-0, the ignition time was 12 s and the fire performance index was 0.071 s·m²/kW. In addition, the aging, oil and solvent resistance of FSR foam was not affected. This work provided data support for the production and application of the flame retardant FSR foam.     

匀泡剂对阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料燃烧性能的影响

利用氧指数仪测定了全磷阻燃剂（DMMP、DEEP、V6）、卤代磷酸酯阻燃剂（TCEP、TCPP、TDCP）及两类阻燃剂复配对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(RPUF)氧指数的影响。结果表明,全磷阻燃剂的阻燃效果优于卤代磷酸酯类阻燃剂;磷卤复配阻燃效果优于单一阻燃剂;单独使用DMMP或DMMP与TCEP复配使用阻燃效果最佳,这句话跟上一句不是矛盾吗？氧指数分别为23.0 %和24.5 %。利用锥形量热仪进一步研究了7种不同硅烷匀泡剂对RPUF阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,硅烷匀泡剂AK8803在提高RPUF的点燃时间以及降低RPUF燃烧释放热危害方面,优于其他6种匀泡剂;而硅烷匀泡剂L580则在降低RPUF燃烧烟气量方面优于其他6种匀泡剂。     

阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的研究进展简

本文介绍了聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃必要性及硬质聚氨酯泡沫中常用的阻燃剂,并展望了阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的发展前景.     

聚脲多元醇对聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性的影响

使用含氮结构型阻燃聚脲多元醇和阻燃剂对聚氨酯高回弹泡沫的阻燃性进行研究,考察了配方中聚脲多元醇用量及阻燃剂品种对泡沫烟密度及氧指数的影响。研究结果表明,聚脲多元醇具有显著的抑烟作用,与三聚氰胺、阻燃剂R一起使用时,协同阻燃效应明显,不仅能有效降低泡沫燃烧时的发烟量,还能显著提高泡沫的氧指数。     

AHP/碱木质素聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能

对精制后的碱木质素进行羟甲基化改性,再利用改性后的羟甲基化碱木质素部分替代聚醚多元醇,采用一步发泡法与聚合MDI制备了羟甲基化木质素基聚氨酯泡沫材料。将次磷酸铝(AHP)作为阻燃剂添加到泡沫中制备了阻燃碱木质素聚氨酯泡沫,通过极限氧指数(LOI)测试分析了羟甲基化木质素基阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能。利用热重分析(TG)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别研究制得泡沫的热降解行为、成炭性能和残炭形貌。实验结果表明,当羟甲基化碱木质素替代聚醚多元醇的量为60%,次磷酸铝的添加量为30%时,碱木质素聚氨酯泡沫材料的极限氧指数(LOI)值达到了27.5%。因此,羟甲基化碱木质素和次磷酸铝使泡沫在燃烧时能更好的形成炭层,从而有效地隔绝空气,降低热传递,提高了材料的阻燃性能。     

Flame retardant,thermal, and mechanical properties of glass fiber/nanoclay reinforced phenol–urea–formaldehyde foam

To increase the toughness, flame retardancy, and compression strength of phenolic foams, glass fiber/nanoclay composites were prepared, and their mechanical property, cellular structure, thermal stability, and flame retardancy were investigated. The results show that the pulverization rate of phenolic foam decreases significantly by adding glass fibers and nanoclay. The impact strength of the composite foam significantly increases with increasing quantities of glass fiber and nanoclay, while the compression strength of the composite foam first increases and then decreases. The microstructure of the composite foam indicates that excessive glass fiber increases the number of open cells, while an appropriate quantity of nanoclay can control the cell size. Further, excessive clay increases the thickness of cell walls and the percentage of open cells. Nanoclay increases the thermal stability of the composite foam; this decreases the maximum heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release of the foam, thus reducing its fire hazards. Glass fiber and nanoclay demonstrate good synergistic effects and significantly increase the compression strength, thermal stability, and flame retardancy of the foam. Moreover, the addition of nanoclay and glass fiber–nanoclay decreases the average aperture of the cells. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:2323–2332, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

军用硬质聚氨酯迷彩发泡材料阻燃性能研究

本文对军用硬质聚氨酯迷彩伪装材料的阻燃性能进行了研究,并对各种阻燃剂进行正交复配实验,在不影响材料伪装性能的基础上,制得了氧指数(OI)高达35的高阻燃性硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。     

阻燃性软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研制

以自制的聚醚多元醇为原料，加入经粉碎并表面处理的三聚氰胺和阻燃剂Ｔ２０１制得阻燃性软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。系统地考察了配方中的两种阻燃剂用量，特种聚醚多元醇和泡沫密度对泡沫塑料阻燃性和物理性能的影响。