核桃壳活性炭对靛蓝的吸附

以核桃壳为原料,采用磷酸活化法制备核桃壳活性炭,表征活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附值、孔结构和表面形貌,考察吸附剂用量、吸附时间和pH对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附机理进行分析.结果表明,AC2颗粒大小不一,表面光滑,亚甲基蓝吸附值、比表面积和孔体积分别为16 mL/0.1 g、1127.8 m2/g、1.077 cm3/g.在酸...     

丝瓜络基活性炭的制备及其吸附性能

以丝瓜络为原料,ZnCl2为活化剂制备了丝瓜络基活性炭(LAC)。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积及孔径测定仪对LAC进行表征,LAC对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能采用分光光度计进行测试。结果表明:LAC具有高的比表面积和丰富的孔结构(孔洞以微孔为主);随着炭化活化温度的升高,比表面积和孔体积增大,微孔比例下降;当炭化活化温度为900℃时,LAC的比表面积高达2 333 m2/g,孔体积为1.658 cm3/g;LAC对亚甲基蓝具有较快的吸附速率,在5 min内达到吸附平衡,吸附率高达99%以上。     

废旧棉织物活性炭的制备与性能

以日常生活中废旧棉织物（WCF）为原料,采用氯化锌法活化制备了废旧棉织物活性炭（AC-WCF）,考察了氯化锌质量分数ω、氯化锌浸渍时间t1、活化温度T和活化时间t2四个因素对AC-WCF吸附性能的影响。采用比表面积及微孔/中孔分析仪、扫描电镜（SEM）和红外光谱仪（FT-IR）对AC-WCF样品进行表征。结果表明,AC-WCF各项吸附性能良好,最佳制备工艺为：ω=45%,t1=16 h,T=700℃,t2=30 min,该条件下制备的AC-WCF的BET比表面积高达1462 m2/g,总孔容积0.78 cm3/g,平均孔径2.1 nm,碘吸附值（QI2）1193.8 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值（QMB）25 ml/0.1g,苯酚吸附值（QPhOH）160.7 mg/g,且对模拟染料废水具有良好脱色效果。     

芝麻杆活性炭的制备及其对废水中分散蓝2BLN的吸附

以芝麻杆为原料,采用磷酸活化法制备活性炭,对产品比表面积、孔径和亚甲基蓝吸附进行表征,并探讨该芝麻杆活性炭吸附废水中分散蓝2BLN的吸附剂用量、pH、吸附时间、吸附温度和分散蓝初始质量浓度等影响因素。结果表明:制得的活性炭比表面积为1 239 m~2/g,总孔体积为1.05 mL/g,平均孔径为3.64 nm,亚甲基蓝吸附值为150 mL/g。当处理50 mL质量浓度为300 mg/L的分散蓝2BLN废水,活性炭用量为0.3 g,废水pH=10,吸附时间为90 min,吸附温度为40℃时,分散蓝2BLN去除率达到最大85%。芝麻杆活性炭对分散蓝2BLN的等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir等温吸附模式。     

木质素/Fenton污泥基磁性活性炭对亚甲基蓝和苯酚吸附特性的研究

以桉木硫酸盐法蒸煮黑液木质素和Fenton污泥为原料,氢氧化钾为活化剂,采用一步法制备磁性活性炭(MAC),利用比表面积及孔径分析仪(BET)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对MAC的物相结构进行表征,评价了MAC对亚甲基蓝和苯酚的吸附性能。结果表明,所制备的MAC具有较大的比表面积和良好的磁分离性能,其BET比表面积为1079 m~2/g,饱和磁化强度为5. 79 emu/g,XRD分析发现磁性来源于Fe_3O_4或γ-Fe_2O_3;当MAC用量为0. 5 g/L,亚甲基蓝和苯酚的初始浓度分别为300 mg/L和200 mg/L时,MAC对亚甲基蓝和苯酚的平衡吸附量分别达到了288 mg/g和98 mg/g;MAC对亚甲基蓝和苯酚的吸附动力学特性均符合准二级动力学方程;Freundlich模型能更好地描述MAC对亚甲基蓝的等温吸附过程,而Langmuir模型在描述MAC对苯酚的等温吸附过程更佳;MAC经过5次再生仍能达到原平衡吸附量的90%以上。     

CO2活化烟杆制造活性炭及其孔结构表征

为综合利用烟杆废弃物资源,以烟杆为原料,CO2为活化剂制备成活性炭。采用正交试验方法研究了CO2流量、活化时间和活化温度对活性炭得率及吸附性能的影响,同时测定了该活性炭的氮吸附等温线,并通过BET法、H-K方程、D-A方程和密度函数理论表征了活性炭的孔结构,还采用电子探针和透射电镜分析了活性炭的微观结构。结果表明:①适宜的工艺条件为活化温度800℃,时间30min,CO2流量3L/min,在此条件下制得的活性炭的得率为9.47%,碘吸附值为1079.26mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为67.5mg/g;②所得活性炭为微孔孔型,BET比表面积为761m2/g,总孔体积为0.3521cm3/g,微孔体积占总孔体积的95.54%,中孔占3.85%,大孔占0.61%;③电子探针和电镜分析测定的活性炭的结构与氮吸附测定的结果较为一致。     

香蕉叶活性炭的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以香蕉叶废渣为原料,利用KOH活化制备香蕉叶活性炭(BLAC)以吸附废水中的亚甲基蓝。采用SEM、BET、XRD对BLAC进行表征。结果表明,BLAC的BET比表面积达1257.852 m2/g,总孔体积达0.718 m3/g。BLAC用于模拟亚甲基蓝废水的吸附研究表明,303 K时BLAC对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附量为578.03 mg/g,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,且等温吸附曲线可用Langmuir模型关联,说明BLAC对亚甲基蓝的吸附为化学吸附且单分子层吸附占主导地位。     

废旧织物制备活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学

为研究以废旧织物为原料制备活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能及其吸附机制,以日常生活中废旧棉织物、黄麻织物和棉/亚麻混纺织物为原料,通过氮气将水蒸气送入高温管式炉进行活化制备活性炭材料,工艺条件为：活化温度７50 ℃,活化时间50 min,水蒸气载体流速240 L/h。通过分析活性炭的氮气吸附等温线,并利用BET 法计算活性炭的比表面积,用BJH 方程表征了活性炭的孔结构,同时重点考察了3 种活性炭样品对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学。结果表明,棉、黄麻和棉/亚麻混纺3 种原料活性炭样品的比表面积分别为703.05、719.93、648.25 m²/g,亚甲基蓝饱和吸附量分别为341.49、267.13和242.68mg/g,而且3 种活性炭样品均更符合准二级动力学方程。     

低度白酒用活性炭制备工艺研究

以废弃竹屑为原料,用磷酸活化法制备低度白酒用活性炭.以碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值评价其吸附性能,并在77 K下氮气吸附等温线分析活性炭的孔隙结构特征.考察浸渍时间、浸渍比、活化温度和活化时间对竹屑活性炭产品吸附性能的影响.结果表明,较高浸渍比和活化温度有利于活性炭中孔的发展,该实验条件下,中孔活性炭的最佳制备条件为,浸渍时间10h,浸渍比2.5∶1,活化温度450℃,活化时间60 min.此优化条件下制备得活性炭中孔率63.3％,比表面积1037.5 m2/g,总孔容0.695 cm3/g,平均孔径2.117 nm,可用于白酒的降度除浊.     

磷酸活化脱墨渣制备中孔活性炭研究

以废纸脱墨渣(污泥)为原料,通过磷酸活化法制备中孔活性炭,以碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值为考察指标,研究了活化时间、活化温度、浸渍比及磷酸浓度等对活性炭吸附性能的影响。得到的最佳制备条件为:活化时间90 min,活化温度450℃,浸渍比1∶3.5,磷酸浓度70%。此条件下脱墨渣活性炭得率为54.57%,得到的脱墨渣活性炭碘吸附值为421.98 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为10.97 mL/g,比表面积、总孔容和中孔率分别达715.576 m~2/g、0.353 mL/g和97.45%。磷酸活化法制备的脱墨渣活性炭比表面积较大,中孔发达。红外光谱、扫描电镜及X射线衍射表征表明,脱墨渣活性炭表面含有大量羟基等多种官能团;脱墨渣活性炭的晶化程度较大,微晶不规则,孔隙结构稳固。以脱墨渣为原料采用磷酸活化技术可成功制备出中孔活性炭。     

基于吸附理论分析活性炭对卷烟烟气的吸附

为了解活性炭孔隙结构及被吸附化合物的性质对吸附效率的影响,测定了纯丙酮气体在活性炭上的吸附特性及不同结构活性炭对烟气羰基物的吸附效率。分别用Langmuir模型和D-R模型对活性炭上丙酮气体的吸附数据进行拟合,从模型拟合精度及吸附热预测角度对Langmuir模型及D-R模型进行了比较。进一步分析了吸附效率与模型参数间的关系以及模型参数与活性炭结构和被吸附化合物性质间的关系。结果表明:①与Langmuir模型相比,D-R模型对活性炭上纯丙酮气体吸附数据的拟合相关系数更高,平均相对标准偏差更低,拟合结果更好。②由10-4-3型势函数计算得到活性炭上纯丙酮气体的理论吸附热为17.9 kJ/mol,吸附热较小,说明此吸附以物理吸附为主。D-R模型吸附热预测值为15.8 kJ/mol,与理论计算值较为接近;Langmuir模型吸附热预测值为40.7 kJ/mol,比理论计算值偏大较多。③实现活性炭对不同化合物吸附效率预测的关键是对化合物吸附热的预测。吸附效率主要与吸附温度,活性炭的用量、孔容,化合物的分子量,碰撞直径和能量参数有关。通过分析吸附能可以推断孔径对吸附效率及吸附选择性的影响。     

负载金属改性活性碳纤维材料制备及吸碘性能

以活性碳纤维（ACF）为原料,采用浸渍法制备了负载金属银的改性活性碳纤维（Ag-ACF）,并通过测定吸附材料在77 K的氮气吸附等温线对改性前后材料的比表面积和孔结构进行了表征.研究并比较了活性碳纤维在负载金属银后对碘的吸附性能,结果表明,在活性碳纤维上负载适量的金属银,可以显著地提高活性碳纤维对碘的吸附容量,原因是由于金属银对活性碳纤维比表面积和表面化学性质的修饰,并提高了活性碳纤维对碘的吸附势.     

活性炭微观结构对玉米朊脱色效果的影响

为研究国内外活性炭在玉米朊脱色过程中吸附色素特性的差异,以玉米朊的乙醇萃取溶液和商业玉米朊 产品乙醇复溶溶液为研究对象,分别采用国产活性炭（ACP）和进口活性炭（ACD）对比研究其对玉米朊的脱色效 果,并对活性炭的微观结构进行表征。静态吸附实验结果表明,活性炭对玉米朊复溶溶液和萃取液的脱色效果没有 明显差异;ACP对玉米朊溶液中色素的吸附率（77.31%）略高于ACD（67.27%）。扫描电子显微镜分析表明,ACP 结构向内延伸而ACD表面凹陷孔结构不明显;比表面积和孔隙结构分析表明,ACP的比表面积（1 438.082 m2/g） 和总孔容积（1.310 cm3/g）大于ACD（779.809 m2/g、0.626 cm3/g）,且ACP具有更多的微孔和中孔结构。ACD表 面含有较多的羧酸和内酯类官能团,可与色素分子中的羟基结合,从而有效增强活性炭的化学吸附效果。ACD粒 径分布更加集中,有利于脱色后的固-液分离。综合以上因素考虑,ACD更适合用于黄色玉米朊的脱色处理。     

造纸废液木素制备粉状活性炭的研究

以碱法木浆废液木素为研究对象,利用磷酸作活化剂对碱木素进行炭化活化,制得粉状活性炭,优化工艺条件,得出最佳的工艺条件为:磷料比4.5∶1,活化温度500℃,活化时间10min。在此条件下制得活性炭产品的亚甲基蓝吸附值达8.6mL/0.lg活性炭得率为31.25%。进一步对所得产品的表面结构、元素组成、比表面积及孔径分布进行表征。     

Bisphenol A removal from water by activated carbon. Effects of carbon characteristics and solution chemistry

The present study aimed to analyze the behavior of different activated carbons in the adsorption and removal of bisphenol A (2-2-bis-4-hydroxypheniyl propane) from aqueous solutions in order to identify the parameters that determine this process. Two commercial activated carbons and one prepared in our laboratory from almond shells were used; they were texturally and chemically characterized, obtaining the surface area, pore size distribution, mineral matter content, elemental analysis, oxygen surface groups, and pH of the point of zero charge (pH(PZC)), among other parameters. Adsorption isotherms of bisphenol A and adsorption capacities were obtained. The capacity of the carbons to remove bisphenol A was related to their characteristics. Thus, the adsorption of bisphenol A on activated carbon fundamentally depends on the chemical nature of the carbon surface and the pH of the solution. The most favorable experimental conditions for this process are those in which the net charge density of the carbon is zero and the bisphenol A is in molecular form. Under these conditions, the adsorbent-adsorbate interactions that govern the adsorption mechanism are enhanced. Influences of the mineral matter present in the carbon samples and the solution chemistry (pH and ionic strength) were also analyzed. The presence of mineral matter in carbons reduces their adsorption capacity because of the hydrophilic nature of the matter. The presence of electrolytes in the solution favor the adsorption process because of the screening effect produced between the positively charged carbon surface and the bisphenol A molecules, with a resulting increase in adsorbent-adsorbate interactions.     

Gas-phase formaldehyde adsorption isotherm studies on activated carbon: correlations of adsorption capacity to surface functional group density

Formaldehyde (HCHO) adsorption isotherms were developed for the first time on three activated carbons representing one activated carbon fiber (ACF) cloth, one all-purpose granular activated carbon (GAC), and one GAC commercially promoted for gas-phase HCHO removal. The three activated carbons were evaluated for HCHO removal in the low-ppm(v) range and for water vapor adsorption from relative pressures of 0.1-0.9 at 26 °C where, according to the IUPAC isotherm classification system, the adsorption isotherms observed exhibited Type V behavior. A Type V adsorption isotherm model recently proposed by Qi and LeVan (Q-L) was selected to model the observed adsorption behavior because it reduces to a finite, nonzero limit at low partial pressures and it describes the entire range of adsorption considered in this study. The Q-L model was applied to a polar organic adsorbate to fit HCHO adsorption isotherms for the three activated carbons. The physical and chemical characteristics of the activated carbon surfaces were characterized using nitrogen adsorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Boehm titrations. At low concentrations, HCHO adsorption capacity was most strongly related to the density of basic surface functional groups (SFGs), while water vapor adsorption was most strongly influenced by the density of acidic SFGs.     

Trichloroethylene adsorption by fibrous and granular activated carbons: aqueous phase, gas phase, and water vapor adsorption studies

The important adsorption components involved in the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) by fibrous and granular activated carbons from aqueous solutions were systematically examined. Namely, adsorption of TCE itself (i.e., TCE vapor isotherms), water molecules (i.e., water vapor isotherms), and TCE in water (i.e., TCE aqueous phase isotherms) were studied, side-by-side, using 20 well-characterized surface-modified activated carbons. The results showed that TCE molecular size and geometry, activated carbon surface hydrophilicity, pore volume, and pore size distribution in micropores control adsorption of TCE at relatively dilute aqueous solutions. TCE adsorption increased as the carbon surface hydrophilicity decreased and the pore volume in micropores of less than 10 A, especially in the 5-8 A range, increased. TCE molecules appeared to access deep regions of carbon micropores due to their flat geometry. The results indicated that characteristics of both adsorbate (i.e., the molecular structure, size, and geometry) and activated carbon (surface hydrophilicity, pore volume, and pore size distribution of micropores) control adsorption of synthetic organic compounds from water and wastewaters. The important micropore size region for a target compound adsorption depends on its size and geometry.     

Enhancement of the performance of activated carbons as municipal odor removal media by addition of a sewage-sludge-derived phase

Two commercial low-cost activated carbons and wood-based char were mixed with dewatered sludge and pyrolized at 950 degrees C. The sludge content on a dry basis was 23%. The obtained composite adsorbents were characterized from the point of view of surface chemistry (pH) and texture (adsorption of nitrogen at its boiling point: surface area, pore volume, pore size distributions). Then hydrogen sulfide breakthrough capacities were measured using the home-designed dynamic test. The results revealed a significant increase in the capacity of the composite adsorbents compared to the unmodified carbons. Moreover, that increase was a few times greater than the hypothetical one predicted when desulfurization performance would be the sum of the contributions of both the sludge-derived and carbon phases. This is attributed to a synergetic effect related to the dispersion of the catalysts and the presence of small pores. Mixing activated carbon provides the active centers for oxidation (coming from sludge) and the developed pore system (from the activated carbon) where products of oxidation can be stored. Moreover, in the hydrophobic pore space the volatile organic compounds present in effluent air from a municipal waste treatment plant can be adsorbed. The selectivity for H2S oxidation, as in the case of pure activated carbon, depends on the pore sizes. Smaller pores lead to a higher yield of sulfuric acid; larger pores lead to a higher yield of sulfur.     

活性炭吸附离子液体[BMIM]Cl的研究

在静态条件下,采用活性炭粉末(ACP)与活性炭颗粒(ACG)列-离子液体氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑[BMIM]Cl水溶液进行了吸附,比较了不同条件下ACP和ACG对离子液体水溶液中离子液体的吸附效果,确定了处理废水的pH值、活性炭用量、振荡时间、温度、离子液体的初始浓度等对吸附效果的影响.实验结果表明:在pH值为5,活性炭用量为2.5 g/L,温度40℃左右,吸附1h的条件下,活性炭粉末对质量浓度为80 mg/L的氯化1-丁基-3甲基咪唑水溶液的吸附量可达到15.7 mg/g,活性炭颗粒可达到22.5 mg/g,并比较了两种活性炭的吸附性能,发现活性炭颗粒从水中吸附[BMIM]Cl性能更优,这与XPS所得到的结果相吻合.