木素抗氧化性的研究现状及展望

木素产品主要来源于造纸工业和生物炼制行业,但利用其制备高值化学品的生产较少。抗氧化性作为木素的重要特性之一,对解决化学合成抗氧化剂成本高的问题,以及实现木素有效利用具有重要意义。本文对木素抗氧化性的研究进行了总结,从木素的抗氧化原理、分离提取及制备纳米颗粒对其抗氧化性的影响角度进行了介绍,以期为木素高附加值产品的研究和开发提供参考。     

木素纳米粒子的制备及应用研究进展

纳米材料主要来源于化石原料,但由于化石原料的不可再生性,严重制约着纳米材料的进一步发展。生物质作为制备纳米材料的原料,具有来源丰富、绿色可再生的特点,其中木素是仅次于纤维素的自然界第二大可再生高分子聚合物,具有良好的生物亲和性。由木素制备的纳米粒子可替代部分有害的纳米材料广泛地应用在食品、生物医药、环境修复等领域,因此木素纳米粒子越来越受到人们的关注。本文对近年来木素纳米粒子的制备工艺及其在紫外防护、抗菌、药物运输等方面的研究进展进行了综述,旨在为木素高值化利用提供一定参考。     

最新专利

一种氧化铝纳米纤维的制备方法//抗菌纳米纤维材料及其制备方法//一种通过电吹制纺丝法制备纳米纤维的方法及制造装置//一种纳米纤维增强剂的制备方法//具有超疏水性表面的聚合物纳米纤维束及其制法     

纳米纤维素技术及其在木质材料中的应用

随着纳米技术的发展,利用化学、物理、酶催化等方法从生物质资源中得到一维纳米尺度的纳米纤维素应运而生。本文介绍了纳米纤维素的概念、制备方法及纳米纤维素的应用现状,重点介绍了纳米纤维素在木质材料中的应用。     

木素-二氧化硅纳米复合物制备与表征初步探索

以玉米秸秆发酵生产纤维素乙醇得到的残渣为原料,Na OH为溶剂,HCl为酸沉淀剂,利用酸沉淀法制备木素-二氧化硅纳米复合物。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重检测(TGA)和粒径测定等手段,研究反应体系p H值和温度对复合物形貌、组成成分及含量的影响,确定制备木素-二氧化硅纳米复合物的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,当反应温度30℃、p H值7时,制备出的复合物中二氧化硅的质量分数为75.05%,且复合物分散性较好,比木素具有更好的热稳定性。通过粒径分布分析,制备的木素-二氧化硅纳米复合物粒径为95 nm的粒子数量占20.2%。     

纳米氧化锌的制备与光催化性能的研究

氧化锌是一种高效、无毒性、价格低廉的重要光催化剂。以乙酸锌和草酸为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米ZnO。采用XRD、SEM对纳米ZnO的结构和形貌进行了分析,结果表明,不同焙烧温度下得到的纳米氧化锌均为六方晶系的纤锌矿结构,平均粒径大小在10～55nm。样品颗粒形状基本上为球形,样品颗粒大小比较均匀。以甲基橙溶液为模拟污染物对纳米ZnO的光催化性能进行了研究,结果表明,焙烧温度对纳米氧化锌的光催化性能有一定影响,不同温度下纳米ZnO的光催化效率不同,在焙烧温度450℃时,催化效果较好,可以达到61%。     

纳米硒制备方法研究进展

硒是一种维护人体和其他生命体健康必需的微量元素,富硒农副产品、食品保护人类健康,越来越广受消费者青睐,但资源严重匮乏,无法满足需求,与无机及有机硒相比,纳米硒毒性低、活性高,是开发新型富硒食品的良好材料,是解决富硒产品资源缺乏的重要途径,纳米硒的合成具有十分重要意义。因此,对纳米硒制备方法进行综述,对纳米硒合成发展进行展望,旨在对富硒产品开发和纳米硒合成创新起到借鉴作用。     

静电纺丝法制备聚乙烯醇和聚酰胺-66纳米复合材料

采用静电纺丝法制备了聚乙烯醇（PVA）和聚酰胺-66（PA-66）与蒙脱土纳米复合纤维。用两种方法对各组分进行混合，高聚物和蒙脱土混合溶解于溶剂中，或者在有蒙脱土存在时进行单体聚合然后再溶解于溶剂中。高聚物／蒙脱土溶液被静电纺丝于非织造布衬底上。用SEM和元素分析法对纤维结构、粒子尺寸及其分布的研究表明，由两种方法制备的溶液获得的纳米填充物都分布于聚合物／纳米复合纤维网络中，但通过聚合方法得到的蒙脱土粒子比通过溶液混合方法得到的要小。只有PA-66-基纳米复合物在衬底上得到的涂层有足够的大小来测量接触角和水渗透时间。     

甜玉米芯多糖纳米乳制备与评价

甜玉米芯多糖是一种水溶性多糖,但是其分子量较大,难以吸收及利用.采用自发乳化法制备甜玉米芯多糖纳米乳,通过伪三元相图筛选并比较不同质量分数的混合表面活性剂和甜玉米芯多糖溶液对甜玉米芯多糖纳米乳透明度及粒径的影响,得到最佳配方,并研究其体外释放效果和体外降血糖作用.结果表明,制备的甜玉米芯多糖纳米乳是一种W/O(油包水)...     

纳米纤维素制备的研究进展

近年来,资源与环境问题越来越受到人们的关注。开发利用可再生资源以替代煤、石油等化石资源成为必然的趋势。天然纤维是自然界中分布最广的可再生的生物高分子物质。由其制备得到的纳米纤维素是一种绿色、环境友好的纳米材料,具有一些独特的性能,如可再生、可生物降解及良好的机械性能等。纳米纤维素的制备研究对新型材料的发展具有重要的意义。本文介绍纳米纤维素的制备方法及研究进展。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.