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Kyung Seok Yang Jung-Hoon Sohn Hyung Kwoun Kim 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2009,107(6):599-604
Biodiesel, an alternative fuel, is generated via the transesterification reaction of vegetable oil or animal oil with alcohol. Currently, many reports have noted that microbial lipases might be utilized for the production of biodiesel. Among them, immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym435) is frequently utilized for its biocatalytic efficiency and availability. However, as the enzyme is unstable in a medium containing high concentrations of methanol, a multi-stepwise methanol supply is required for the efficient production of biodiesel. Photobacterium lipolyticum lipase (M37) was determined to be quite stable in a medium containing a high concentration of methanol. The enzyme activity was maintained for longer than 48 h without any loss at a methanol concentration of 10%. In an effort to evaluate enzyme performance in the production of biodiesel, we have compared M37 lipase and Novozym435 in the biodiesel production reaction using fresh or waste oil and methanol. In the 3-stepwise methanol feeding method generally conducted for Novozym435 in biodiesel production, the M37 lipase showed a similar or superior conversion yield to Novozym435. However, the M37 lipase evidenced significantly higher conversion yields in the 2 and 1 step methanol feeding reactions. Particularly in the 1 step process using 10% of methanol where almost no conversion was detected by Novozym435, the biodiesel yield achieved with M37 lipase reached a level of up to 70% of the possible maximum yield. Consequently, this methanol-tolerant lipase, M37, has been shown to be a suitable enzyme for use in the biodiesel production process. 相似文献
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生命周期评价(LCA)作为一种能全程评估产业链和产品环境影响、资源消耗、净能效率的重要方法,近年来得到了越来越多的关注,也开始被用于生物柴油清洁生产领域,能为产业可持续提供决策依据。对木本生物柴油的LCA体系、评估模型与方法、国内外木本生物柴油LCA研究现状进行了综述。结果显示:木本生物柴油在燃烧阶段相比石化柴油具有清洁排放的优点,但整个生命周期的排放未必清洁,主要与我国燃煤发电、化肥和辅料生产排放有关;木本生物柴油产业作为低碳产业,温室效应和能源消耗均低于石化柴油,整个生命周期中以种植和生产阶段的排放和消耗最大并针对性提出改进措施;未来我国木本生物柴油生命周期评价应通过建设产业标准数据库、更多注重不同原料不同工艺的对比评估、兼顾经济性和生态服务功能的评估进一步拓展木本生物柴油研究的深度和广度。 相似文献
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为解决高酸值废弃油脂脱酸效果不佳的问题,根据生物柴油转酯化反应对原料油的要求,开发了废弃油脂深度脱胶—脱色—双塔串联脱酸工艺。利用化工模拟软件对废弃油脂脱酸系统进行了模拟,建立了脱酸系统流程模拟模块,输出了日处理900 t废弃油脂的脱酸塔和脂肪酸捕集塔的物料平衡表。对脱酸塔和脂肪酸捕集塔的塔直径、填料高度和填料类型进行选型,并进行了水力学校核,将其气相动能因子和运行负荷率控制在合理范围内。将所开发的废弃油脂深度脱胶—脱色—双塔串联脱酸工艺应用于实际大型生产线,长时间运行表明,该工艺可以将废弃油脂含磷量和脂肪酸含量分别降至3 mg/kg和0.3%以下。采用深度脱胶—脱色—双塔串联脱酸工艺处理高酸值废弃油脂,脱酸效果好,处理后的废弃油脂可作为优质的生物柴油原料。 相似文献
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Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production from waste activated bleaching earth (ABE) discarded by the crude oil refining industry was investigated using fossil fuel as a solvent in the esterification of triglycerides. Lipase from Candida cylindracea showed the highest stability in diesel oil. Using diesel oil as a solvent, 3 h was sufficient to obtain a yield of approximately 100% of FAME in the presence of 10% lipase from waste ABE. Kerosene was also a good solvent in the esterification of triglycerides embedded in the waste ABE. Fuel analysis showed that the FAME produced using diesel oil as a solvent complied with the Japanese diesel standard and the 10% residual carbon amount was lower than that of FAME produced using other solvents. Use of diesel oil as solvent in the FAME production from the waste ABE simplified the process, because there was no need to separate the organic solvent from the FAME-solvent mixture. These results demonstrate a promising reutilization method for the production of FAME, for use as a biodiesel, from industrial waste resources containing waste vegetable oils. 相似文献
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为探讨生物柴油应用于船舶柴油机的可行性,将餐厨废弃油脂生物柴油与柴油混合,在船舶柴油机上进行试验,测试其对船舶柴油机性能、排放特性和燃烧特性的影响。结果表明:生物柴油混合物的高黏度以及低热值会降低有效热效率,并导致燃油消耗率略有升高;由于生物柴油的高含氧量促进完全燃烧,相比于柴油,燃烧生物柴油混合物后,一氧化碳排放量最高下降17%,二氧化碳排放量最高下降5.1%,二氧化硫排放量最高下降41%,碳烟排放量最高下降36%;生物柴油过快的燃烧速率提高了气缸内的燃烧温度,以及高含氧量促进了氮氧化物的排放;生物柴油混合物燃烧时的缸内压力与柴油非常接近。餐厨废弃油脂生物柴油对船舶柴油机的性能、燃烧特性和排放特性均具有较好的表现,可以作为柴油的替代燃料用于船舶柴油机。 相似文献
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预处理固定化脂肪酶催化合成生物柴油 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
探讨了预处理固定化Candida antarctica脂肪酶催化餐饮废油合成生物柴油的过程。将固定化Candida antarctica脂肪酶用叔丁醇处理3h后再用废油浸泡4h,用于催化酯交换反应,酯交换反应速率明显加快。研究发现,固定化Candida antarctica脂肪酶预处理后,过量甲醇对酶的抑制作用仍然存在。采用分步添加甲醇工艺,按总醇油摩尔比3:1,分别在0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5h等量加入甲醇,反应4h后,体系中甲酯含量达到97.86%,反应:效率是未处理固定化酶催化合成生物柴油体系的6倍。固定化酶重复使用仍具有较高活性。 相似文献
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旨在确定生物柴油原料的可利用性,以可作为生物柴油原料的木本植物油脂、餐饮废油和酸化油为研究对象,分析其不皂化物和脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明:棕榈油等7种木本植物油脂不皂化物含量低于1.10%,脂肪酸含量均高于91.50%,脂肪酸组成以油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸为主(除棕榈油外);餐饮废油的不皂化物含量变化较大,脂肪酸含量在83.99%~94.87%之间,大部分餐饮废油脂肪酸组成以亚油酸和亚麻酸为主;5种酸化油的脂肪酸含量在71.35%~92.05%之间,椰子酸化油饱和脂肪酸占比为80.06%,其他4种酸化油的脂肪酸组成以不饱和脂肪酸为主。综上,7种木本植物油脂是优良的生物柴油原料,餐饮废油和酸化油作为原料制备生物柴油时要严格控制其质量指标。 相似文献
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为解决ZJ17卷接机组因废接装纸导致烟支质量缺陷和停机处理耗时长等问题,设计了一种废接装纸收集装置。该装置由导向部件、单向收集通道、收集腔和输送通道4部分组成,导向部件将切纸轮产生的废接装纸导入单向收集通道,通道内正压气流经T型管路转向和变速后形成负压气流,进而将废接装纸吸入收集腔并在正压气流作用下经输送通道进入废料桶,实现废接装纸收集。由正交试验可得,收集装置的最优设计参数为单向收集通道正压气流压强0.6 MPa,收集腔正压气流压强0.4 MPa,导向辊直径8 mm,输送通道管径80 mm。以毕节卷烟厂使用的ZJ17卷接机组为对象进行测试,结果表明:使用废接装纸收集装置后,因废接装纸干扰烟支接装导致的质量缺陷发生次数由18.2次/月降低至1.3次/月,降幅92.9%;停机处理耗时由7.6 h/月减少至1.0 h/月,降幅86.3%。该技术可为提高卷接设备生产效率提供支持。 相似文献
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Single cell oils (SCO) produced from oleaginous microorganisms are a potential alternative oil feedstock for biodiesel production. The worldwide production of glycerol, a 10% (w/w) byproduct produced in the transesterfication process of oils converted to biodiesel, is increasing as more biodiesel is being produced. For the purposes of cost reduction, crude glycerol was regarded as a suitable carbon source for the cultivation of Rhodotorula glutinis. In addition to using renewable crude glycerol, waste solution collected from the brewing company (called thin stillage) was adopted as a substitute to replace a costly nitrogen source used in the medium. The results of using mixture of crude glycerol and thin stillage indicated about a 27% increase in total biomass as compared to that of using crude glycerol with a standard medium. Using glycerol instead of glucose as the carbon source could also alter the lipid profile, resulting in an increase in linolenic acid (C18:2) to comprise over 20% of the total lipid. Successfully using renewable crude glycerol and thin stillage for the cultivation of oleaginous microorganisms could greatly enhance the economic competition of biodiesel produced from SCO. 相似文献