基于矩阵解耦的精馏塔VOFFLC温控系统

针对复杂的精馏塔MIMO温控系统的多变量、非线性、强耦合的特点和自适应需求,设计了基于矩阵解耦精馏塔的VOFFLC系统。首先,对温控系统的多变量控制模型进行改进,利用矩阵解耦理论实现对角解耦,以此改变控制通道的特性;然后,设计基于矩阵解耦的精馏塔VOFFLC温控系统,实现精馏塔的塔顶和塔底的自适应温控;最后,采用仿真实验,对所设计的多种温控系统进行性能比较。实验结果表明,VOFFLC系统可以实现控制参数的自适应,具有更强的论域容错性和鲁棒性。     

多变量线性系统解耦控制算法研究

由于耦合现象的存在使得多变量被控对象的控制和分析变得非常复杂,耦合严重时甚至使原来稳定的单回路系统变得发散,无法正常运行;针对这种现象,对多变量耦合被控对象的解耦问题进行了研究,阐述了多变量线性系统基于状态反馈和输入变换的解耦控制理论,详细推导了状态反馈矩阵和输入变换矩阵的构造方法和具体计算步骤,并就此问题给出了一个具有较高实用价值的MATLAB通用程序,仿真结果验证了该程序的有效性;为多变量耦合系统的进一步设计提供了条件.     

多组分精馏过程推断控制及鲁棒性仿真

在化工生产实践中,基于被控变量检测的反馈控制系统占有绝对比重。不过,实际生产过程中却存在着这样一类情况,过程的被控制变量,甚至过程的扰动均无法测量或难以测量,如精馏塔塔顶、塔底产品的组成,因而难于实现反馈控制或前馈控制。精馏塔是化工等行业中广泛使用的分离设备,其控制方案在化工过程中具有十分关键的作用。为满足工艺要求和节能,需将塔顶和塔底产品流控制在设计值。理论上,将产品组成直接作为被控变量是最佳的,但仍有一些问题限制了其在实践中的推广使用。基于可测辅助变量推断难以直接测量或测量滞后太大的关键过程变量的推断控制能弥补这一缺陷。本文以多组分精馏过程为例,在MATLAB平台进行了多变量推断控制控制设计及仿真,并对其鲁棒性进行了分析,达到较好的控制仿真效果。     

基于神经网络的解耦控制新方法及其应用

本提出两种基于神经网络的多变量解耦控制方法。方法１通过设计神经网络补偿装置，使得包括补偿神经网络在内的广义对象的Ｂｒｉｓｔｏｌ第一系数矩阵为对角阵；方法２首先定义了神经网络的串联，并联和反馈运算，然后在此基础上设计一个神经网络补偿装置，使得包括补偿神经网络在内的广义对象矩阵为对角阵。将其用于某二元精馏塔的塔顶和塔底组分控制，仿真结果证实了本方法的有效性。     

基于神经网络的聚氯乙烯汽提过程自适应解耦控制

聚氯乙烯汽提过程具有高度非线性和时变性等特点,是一类复杂的非线性工业过程.首先基于动态模糊神经网络建立了数据驱动的聚氯乙烯树脂（PVC）汽提过程的被控对象模型;然后采用一种神经网络分散式解耦控制器对汽提过程进行解耦,得到浆料流量-塔顶温度和蒸汽流量-塔底温度两个单变量系统;最后采用BP神经网络PID控制器对系统进行控制.仿真实验结果验证了所提出集成控制策略的有效性.     

移动质心自旋再入飞行器的建模与解耦控制

对移动质心控制自旋再入飞行器进行了概念研究.以所建立的移动质心自旋再入飞行器的姿态动力学模型为基础,分析其控制耦合特性,借鉴工程中易于实现的逆奈奎斯特阵列法,对被控对象进行预补偿,使其传递函数矩阵成为具有对角优势来削弱被控对象各回路间的耦合,然后再运用单变量系统的频域设计方法对每个回路单独设计,从而将复杂的多变量设计问题转化为单变量设计问题,解决较强耦合下自旋再入飞行器姿态稳定性同题.仿真分析表明,对被控对象进行预补偿设计后,系统达到了较好的解耦效果.     

变风量空调系统恒温解耦控制优化

在室内恒温控制问题的研究中,变风量空调系统的房间送风量、冷冻水流量和风机转速三个输入变量与房间温度、送风温度和静压三个输出变量之间存在着不同程度的耦合关系,每个房间的温度控制会受到不同程度的干扰,严重时会影响到整个系统的稳定性.为解决上述问题,根据变风量空调系统的房间、表冷器、风机等各个子系统模型,通过寻找一个合适的开环传递函数矩阵,实现对系统的解耦控制,通过使解耦矩阵的对角元素为1,得到简化的解耦矩阵.比通常利用对角化方法和状态反馈矩阵方法直接求得的解耦矩阵要简单.运行空调实验结果表明控制回路之间干扰不明显,解耦控制效果良好.     

模糊自调整PID的精馏塔参考模型解耦控制研究

一个现代化的化工企业,精馏塔生产装置种类和数目为数众多,生产目的也多种多样。精馏塔控制方法的改良可以引起显著经济效益的变化,同时可以使生产过程更加节能环保,因此,化工企业存在着精馏过程控制算法的改良问题。精馏过程约占工业总能耗的1/3,其节能控制潜力很大。精馏塔温度控制系统是典型的多输入多输出耦合系统。针对多输入多输出耦合系统,为使其解耦控制与主回路控制达到相互独立,本文在分析与总结模糊逻辑、PID控制等优点的基础上,设计了一种参数自调整模糊PID控制器,并将其与多变量参考模型解耦控制方法结合,实现了精馏塔温度控制系统的解耦控制。参考模型回路由控制器和被控对象的模型两部分组成。模糊PID解耦控制器的引入,使控制与解耦功能分别由2个不同的控制器独立完成,最后将该算法应用于化工精馏塔温度控制模型中。由仿真结果可知,本文方法可以使实际输出结果很好的跟踪目标结果,从仿真图可得出,该方法可以较好的实现动态和静态解耦,解耦控制效果比较理想。进而可以将该方法用于实际的化工生产过程中,具有一定的实用价值。     

VAV空调系统末端解耦控制研究

通过对VAV变风量空调系统的两个末端控制回路之间的耦合进行分析,运用最小二乘法建立被控对象＂送风量—室内温度＂控制回路的数学模型。针对被控对象的特性,采用前馈补偿解耦方法设计解耦网络,并设计单神经元自适应PID控制器。最后,通过MATLAB仿真,证明了所设计的解耦网络和控制器是行之有效的。     

基于模糊前馈解耦的变风量空调控制方法研究

变风量(VAV)空调系统具有多变量、多回路耦合、大滞后、强非线性特点;采用数学建模和仿真实验法,针对送风温度、送风管道静压、室内温度和室内二氧化碳浓度4个相互耦合的主要被控量,通过建立热量平衡和物质传输机理模型和传递函数矩阵,设计基于神经网络的前馈模糊解耦方法;所提出的方法既利用了数学模型可清晰描述被控量之间耦合关系的优点,又避免了传统解耦算法控制效果过于依赖建模精度等问题,仿真和实验结果表明系统获得了良好的控制性能。     

基于PLC的精馏塔模糊解耦控制器

针对酒精精馏塔塔顶和塔底两个温度控制环节有较强耦合性,精馏塔精确的数学模型难以建立等问题,提出基于西门子S7—300PLC的模糊解耦控制器设计方法,给出详细的实现步骤。在筛板式酒精精馏塔实验装置上的运行试验证明了该控制器具有良好的控制效果。     

Effect of interaction multiplicity on control system design for a MTBE reactive distillation column

The control strategy of a reactive distillation for synthesis of MTBE is investigated. Although steady state multiplicities occur in the column, a linear control is still possible since a controlled and manipulated variable-pairing scheme that exhibits a sufficiently large range of near linear relations can be found, if we operate at constant reflux ratio. Reboiler duty is used to control the temperature of a stage just below the reaction section and near the top of the stripping section. Stoichiometric balance is controlled by a feed ratio plus internal composition control scheme, using a control valve installed on the C4 feed-line as the manipulated variable. Such a scheme is capable of maintaining the desirable steady state that achieves high product purity and reactant conversion. However, a similar scheme that uses a control valve installed on the methanol feed-line as the manipulated variable shows severe oscillation. It is caused by multiplicity in the interaction between the temperature and stoichiometric control loops.     

Plant-wide design and control of acetic acid dehydration system via heterogeneous azeotropic distillation and divided wall distillation

Energy-saving plant-wide design and plant-wide control of an acetic acid dehydration system with the feed containing methyl acetate and p-xylene are investigated in the study. A heterogeneous azeotropic distillation using isobutyl acetate as an entrainer is designed to obtain high-purity acetic acid at the column bottom and to keep a small acetic acid loss through the top aqueous draw. The accumulation of p-xylene in the column is avoided by adding a side product stream. The mixture in the aqueous phase of decanter, containing mostly water, methyl acetate, and isobutyl acetate is separated using a divided wall distillation column. The whole acetic acid dehydration system includes a heterogeneous azeotropic distillation column and a divided wall distillation column.The control strategies using temperature loops are proposed for this acetic acid dehydration system. For the heterogeneous azeotropic distillation column, the requirements for acetic acid compositions in both the aqueous phase of the decanter and the column bottom can be satisfied by designing entrainer inventory temperature control and cascade temperature control simultaneously. The stages of controlled temperatures are chosen by singular value decomposition and closed-loop analysis methods based on the criteria of minimum entrainer makeup. For the divided wall distillation column, steady-state analysis methods are used for the selection of proper controlled and manipulated variables and the determination of their pairings. Dynamic simulation results demonstrate that the proposed plant-wide control strategy can maintain product purities and reject external disturbances in feed flow and composition changes as well as internal disturbances such as changes in liquid and vapor splits.     

基于参数辨识的自适应解耦控制算法的研究

多变量模型的复杂结构、强耦合性、被控对象参数的未知、慢时变等问题要求控制器必须具有良好的自适应性,针对以上问题提出了一种基于改进的广义最小方差闭环自适应解耦控制器实现更好的自适应,其由参数可调的控制器和自适应控制律组成,此控制器通过将闭环系统方程的传递函数矩阵等于期望的对角矩阵来实现解耦,同时改进的辨识算法可进行在线辨识控制器的参数实现同步自适应解耦。通过以CARMA为多变量控制模型,采用该方法进行仿真有效的解决了多变量之间的耦合性。结果表明该方法能够适应相应的变化,跟踪性能较好,且具备良好的解耦能力,进而保证了闭环系统的稳定性,从而验证了此方法能够效提高控制系统的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

用Excel电子表格确定精馏塔灵敏板位置

利用Ｅｘｃｅｌ电子表格计算不同回流比下各块塔板上汽－液平衡组成，通过温度－组成图表，由各板上液相组成求得其泡点，即可快速找到不同回流比下最大泡点差所对应的理论板－－灵敏板，避免了手工计算与编程的麻烦。当进料组成及回流比发生波动时，既有助于控制精馏塔的正常动转，又稳定了馏出液的组成。     

糠醛精制装置控制方案改进及PID参数优化

针对糠醛精制装置二效蒸发塔底液位-四路加热炉进料流量串级回路投用不上,手动控制精度低的问题,本文提出了一种改进方案,在横河的CENTUM CS3000 DCS系统上,通过设置输入补偿实现各支路设定值不同,通过优化PID控制器参数的方法实现均匀控制。在燕化二糠醛装置投用以来运行平稳,控制效果良好。     

Control of reactive distillation production of high-purity isopropanol

The process characteristics and control strategy of a high-purity IPA reactive distillation column were investigated. A robust nominal operation was found by maintaining an excess of propylene feed to the column and recycling the unreacted propylene to the feed instead of the top stage. Stage temperature and propylene composition with one-to-one relationship with reboiler duty and propylene feed are selected as controlled variables for maintaining bottom purity and feed ratio in the presence of possible measurement bias respectively. High nonlinearity between selected input–output pair was reduced by using variable transformation. Dynamic simulations demonstrated that such a control scheme with nonlinear transformed variable was capable of providing much superior control performance than the one using natural variable.     

利用压力影响恒沸点由反应精馏精制THF

研究压力如何影响恒沸点,探索改变操作压力由反应精馏精制四氢呋喃（THF）可行性,模拟计算考察了压力对THF／水体系恒沸点的影响,结果表明体系压力增加,恒沸物中THF摩尔分率减少。通过两塔在不同压力下操作,利用反应精馏技术可从1,4－丁二醇制备高纯度的THF。     

Linear controller design and performance limits of binary distillation column subject to disturbances with bounds on magnitudes and rates of change

In this paper, we present an application of linear controller design via convex optimization to a binary distillation column and determine its limits of performance. Disturbances of distillation process are characterized as input signals with bounded magnitudes and rates of change. Performance measures of top and bottom control loops are defined as the maximum deviation magnitudes of top and bottom compositions, respectively. This performance is often referred to as the worst-case norm of convolution systems under such disturbances. The convex optimization and the ellipsoid algorithm are applied to design linear controllers and, at the same time, determine the best achievable performance of the closed-loop system. Then, a series of convex optimization problems are efficiently solved to give a trade-off curve representing limits of performance between the top and bottom compositions. The trade-off curve provides a practical insight into the design specification that cannot be achieved for the distillation column control with dynamic controller configuration. To confirm the results, we undertake computer simulation using nonlinear dynamical model of the distillation column. Closed-loop responses of the chosen optimal linear controller are consistent with the trade-off curve and yields superior performance than that of a conventional decentralized PI controller.