鱼羊合烹确实“鲜”

一、锅贴羊肉鱼饺 原料:带皮鲩鱼肉250g,羊腿肉100g,猪肥膘50g,去皮马蹄25g,生姜末5g,香菇末15g,香菜末5g,韭王粒25g,香葱花25g,油泡虾米5g,鸡蛋黄1个,生粉、胡椒粉、香油、葱油、味精、鸡精、生抽王、白糖、食粉、料酒、鸡汤各适量。 制法:1.羊腿肉、猪肥膘先切成片,再剁成粗些的泥;马蹄用刀拍松,剁成粗末;虾米剁成细末。 2.将羊腿肉、猪肥膘合剁的泥放在盆内,加入马蹄末、香菇末、香菜末、韭王粒、香葱花、虾     

南瓜营养保健香肠的开发研究

将适量的南瓜添加到香肠制品,制成风味独特的南瓜营养保健香肠。利用正交试验与感观评定确定其主要原料的最佳配方:南瓜30%、大豆蛋白4%、淀粉6%、猪瘦肉肥膘比9∶1。经产品质量检验,各项指标均符合肉与肉制品国家标准。     

营养保健型木瓜发酵香肠的研制

将适量的木瓜添加到发酵香肠中,制成具有独特风味和营养保健功能的木瓜发酵香肠.利用正交试验与感官评定确定最佳配比,结果表明:木瓜20%,猪瘦肉肥膘比7:3,食盐2.5%,葡萄糖0.5%时发酵香肠质量较好.     

风味白鲢鱼肉干香肠的关键工艺研究

以白鲢鱼为原料,研究干制鱼肉水分含量、肉料配比、发酵菌种配比、发酵剂添加量和发酵温度对发酵香肠品质的影响。结果表明:当干鱼肉水分含量在45%、香肠肉料配比为鱼糜∶干制鱼肉∶猪背膘∶蛋清=100∶30∶20∶11(m/m)时,混合发酵菌种采用戊糖片球菌10196∶植物乳杆菌6001∶干酪乳杆菌6002∶汉逊酵母=2∶3∶1∶1、菌种发酵液最佳添加量为3%,30℃下发酵33 h,制得的风味白鲢鱼肉干香肠品质最佳。     

低温猪肉火腿肠加工工艺

为探究低温猪肉火腿肠的最佳生产工艺,研究在传统高温火腿肠加工工艺的基础上,结合低温肉制品加工原理制备低温猪肉火腿肠,以感官评价为指标,探究影响产品质量的主要因素。结果表明,原料肥瘦比、肥肉预处理方式、腌制剂配方、斩拌工艺与烘烤条件是影响低温猪肉火腿肠的主要因素,产品制备的最佳工艺条件为:原料肉肥瘦比2∶8(质量比),用出肉板孔径为8 mm的绞肉机对肥肉进行初步的绞制,腌制液配料(质量分数)为食盐2. 5%,亚硝酸盐0. 003%,D-异抗坏血酸钠0. 3%,复合磷酸盐0. 5%(m(六偏磷酸钠)∶m(三聚磷酸钠)∶m(焦磷酸钠)=10∶30∶17)在4℃环境下腌制24 h,最佳斩拌条件为低速(1 000 r/min)与高速(2 000 r/min)结合斩拌330 s,肉糜灌肠后60℃烘烤30 min再蒸煮杀菌,低温保藏。该条件下制备的产品在气味、外观、组织结构、风味等方面均最佳。     

羊肉的漂洗脱膻及风味羊肉丝的研制

采用漂洗法对羊肉进行脱膻处理,研究了温度、pH、肉水比及漂洗次数对脱膻效果的影响,利用单因素实验对漂洗条件进行了选择.同时研制了风味羊肉丝的加工工艺,利用正交实验对产品主要配料及主要工艺条件进行了优选.结果表明:利用温度40℃、pH8.2、肉∶水=1∶7的漂洗液对羊肉进行5次漂洗处理,脱膻效果良好;羊肉丝产品配方中添加酱油6%、食盐4%、白砂糖2.5%,在55℃下烘干2h,后于200℃烘烤2min,所得的羊肉丝风味品质良好.     

刺槐花复合果糕的研制

以刺槐花为原料,添加苹果、山楂、红枣,使用合适的胶凝剂生产刺槐花复合果糕,研究了产品的加工工艺参数和配方。结果表明,刺槐花复合果糕的原料最佳配比为m(槐花浆)∶m(山楂浆)∶m(苹果浆)∶m(枣汁)=15∶5∶5∶13,胶凝剂的最佳配比为m(果胶)∶m(琼脂)∶m(卡拉胶)=5∶5∶6。产品配方的质量分数为:原料35%,白砂糖15%,柠檬酸0.3%,复合胶凝剂1.6%。产品烘烤温度为50℃,烘烤时间为19 h。所制得的产品弹性适宜,质地均匀,酸甜适中,爽滑可口,风味优良。     

黑豆香肠加工工艺研究

研究以猪瘦肉和猪肥肉为主要原料,添加黑豆、淀粉等辅料的黑豆香肠的工艺配方。通过单因素实验和正交实验获得其最佳配方:黑豆添加量为原料肉的10%,猪肉肥瘦比例为1∶5,淀粉添加量为原料肉的10%,所得产品感官评价、质构测定结果均较好。     

正交试验优化无甲醛无3,4-苯并芘烟熏香肠工艺

采用色味安全三效食品烟熏液(ZL 201110141175.0)进行无甲醛无3,4-苯并芘烟熏香肠的制作。对腌制时间和烘制温度等进行了单因素试验,对烟熏液质量分数、添加量、喷淋液质量分数及喷淋次数等4个因素进行了L9(34)正交试验的优化。最终确定无甲醛无3,4-苯并芘烟熏香肠的最优工艺为腌制6 h,烟熏液的用量为每千克肉添加20%烟熏液10 mL,香肠外部喷淋液质量分数为10%,喷淋1次,在50℃温度下烘制50 h。     

响应面优化超声波辅助提取经烘烤预处理奇亚籽油工艺的研究

以奇亚籽为原料,采用超声波辅助提取奇亚籽油。通过单因素设计实验研究溶剂种类、料液比、超声时间、烘烤温度、烘烤时间对奇亚籽出油率的影响。在单因素实验基础上通过响应面法优化了超声波辅助提取经烘烤预处理奇亚籽油脂的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,超声波提取奇亚籽油脂的最佳工艺条件为烘烤温度160℃,烘烤时间46 min,料液比1∶17,超声时间55 min。在最优工艺条件下,奇亚籽的出油率为(39.41±0.72)%。奇亚籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,其中亚麻酸(C18∶3n3)质量分数最高为62.90%,亚油酸(C18∶2n6c)质量分数为18.25%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.