斩拌条件对乳化型香肠品质的影响研究

在乳化型香肠的生产加工过程中,斩拌起到非常重要的作用。斩拌工序需要进行严格控制才能保证产品品质。研究针对斩拌过程中最为关键的3个参数,即斩拌初温、斩拌时间、斩拌速度进行研究。以感官评价、产品色泽以及质构作为产品品质的评价标准,经正交实验得出,乳化型香肠斩拌条件最优参数:斩拌初温为5℃,斩拌时间为360 s,斩拌速度为中速斩拌。     

斩拌速度和时间对乳化肠质构的影响

研究斩拌速度、时间与乳化型香肠质构之间的关系.采用响应曲面设计,选用斩拌速度和斩拌时间为试验因素,测定不同斩拌时间和速度下产品的硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性和回复性.结果表明,斩拌速度对乳化肠的硬度、弹性和回复性均有显著影响,斩拌时间对回复性有显著的影响,斩拌速度和斩拌时间的交互作用对硬度和回复性有显著的影响;斩拌速度为6 000 r/min,斩拌时间为9 min时,形成的乳化肠的硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性和回复性最佳,满足乳化肠质构的要求.     

白鲢鱼糜斩拌工艺参数优化研究

采用二次回归旋转正交组合试验设计方法,分析了白鲢冷冻鱼糜斩拌过程中的氯化钠质量分数、斩拌转速、斩拌时间和真空度4个工艺参数对凝胶强度的影响,并对斩拌条件进行了优化。结果表明,斩拌时间和转速对凝胶强度有极显著影响(p0.01),氯化钠浓度对凝胶强度有显著影响(p0.05)。4个工艺参数对凝胶强度的影响由大到小的顺序:斩拌时间、斩拌转速、氯化钠质量分数、真空度。优化的斩拌工艺参数为:氯化钠质量分数1.04%、斩拌转速3 000 r·min-1、斩拌时间14.17 min和真空度80 k Pa。在优化的工艺参数下,验证实验所得样品的凝胶强度为3 086 g·mm,符合预期结果。     

肉品高效斩拌乳化技术研究进展

在肉制品加工中,斩拌乳化工艺主要起保水和保油作用。斩拌乳化效果主要受工艺参数和原辅料两方面因素的影响。在工艺方面,斩拌温度、斩拌速度、斩拌时间、物料pH等参数是乳化技术的关键参数;在原料方面,原料肉的种类、非肉蛋白、乳化剂、亲水性胶体等因素直接影响乳化效果。本文重点综述了肉品斩拌乳化技术在这两个方面的研究进展。     

在灌肠生产中影响斩拌效果的因素

本文阐述了灌肠生产中斩拌工艺的目的、效果、着重谈了肉馅的状态，加水量，斩拌条件肉的ＰＨ值对斩拌效果的影响。从而说明斩拌工序在灌肠生产蝇的重要性。     

斩拌对淡水鱼肉品质及氯霉素残留的影响

以鲢鱼、鲤鱼和鲶鱼肉为试材,研究斩拌工序对鱼肉品质及氯霉素残留量的影响。结果表明:经斩拌后,鱼肉中蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,鲤鱼显著低于鲢鱼和鲶鱼;自由水峰面积减少,不易流动水峰面积增加,不同斩拌处理的鱼肉水分分布差异不显著;脂肪含量差异不显著;HL斩拌的鱼肉灰分和蛋白质损失量最小。斩拌对鱼肉L*和a*值影响较小,使pH不同程度地升高(6.5~7.5);HL斩拌可显著降低TBARS值。经斩拌氯霉素残留降解率达73.33%~99.13%。斩拌可有效去除氯霉素残留,经HL斩拌后的鱼肉品质最佳。     

火腿肠质构影响因素

火腿肠质构是评价火腿肠的一个重要指标，质构受到很多因素的影响，包括产品中的成分，主料中的淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪和水分，辅料中胶体，还包括生产的工艺，尤其是斩拌中原料的添加，斩拌的刀速，斩拌的温度，斩拌的时间，斩拌是否有真空装置等；杀菌工艺中的温度、压强以及时间对火腿肠的质构也有着重要的影响。     

计算机视觉技术预测肉糜斩拌终点的初步研究

利用计算机视觉技术研究肉糜斩拌终点的判定方法,防止斩拌过程中斩拌不足或斩拌过度而引起的产品质量下降。本研究以猪后腿肉和背膘为主要原料,按照肥瘦比3/7添加比例进行斩拌,分别于第6、7、8、9、10、12、14、16和18min取样,测定肉糜颜色和加工特性指标。结果表明:斩拌时间对肉糜的颜色、蒸煮损失、脂肪损失、硬度、弹性、Purge损失以及贮能模量(G’)均有影响,肉糜HSL颜色空间变量中亮度值(L)与蒸煮损失、脂肪损失、硬度等加工特性指标之间的相关性显著。因而,利用计算机视觉技术测定的肉糜亮度值用于预测肉糜斩拌终点是可行的。     

斩拌时间和pH值对牛肉凝胶特性的影响

主要研究pH值和斩拌时间对牛肉糜凝胶特性及颜色的影响 ,确定最佳的斩拌条件。结果表明 ,当肉糜的酸碱度由酸性向中性靠拢时 ,牛肉糜制品的凝胶硬度、弹性、粘聚性均逐渐增大 ,牛肉糜制品的硬度、弹性、粘聚性随着斩拌时间的增加先增大后减小。在斩拌2 0min时达到最高值     

肉糜的乳化及斩拌终点的研究进展

介绍了肉糜乳化的基本原理,阐述了斩拌时间、斩拌温度、肥瘦比、淀粉添加量、pH等因素对肉糜乳化的影响,并在此基础上综合讨论了斩拌终点的研究方法,为肉糜制品实际生产提供参考.     

不同宰后时间切碎对肉糜质量的影响

将宰后4、12、24、48h 的分割猪后腿肉制成肉糜,于0～4℃存放1w,测定蒸煮损失、系水力、pH值等指标随贮藏时间的变化状况,以确定不同宰后时间切碎对肉糜品质指标的影响规律。结果显示：采用不同宰后时间切碎肉样所生产的肉糜在1w 的存放过程中,总体来说蒸煮损失显著上升,系水力显著下降,pH 值有所升高。这说明长时间存放对肉糜品质的保持不利。通过对同一存放时间不同宰后时间切碎的比较来看,采用宰后12h的原料肉生产的肉糜其蒸煮损失显著低于宰后4、24、48h 冷冻的原料肉所生产的肉糜。存放实验进行过程中宰后4h 和12h 肉样生产的肉糜系水力始终保持较大,宰后4h 最大。这提示可能宰后12h 以前的新鲜原料肉更适合进行肉糜生产。     

鸭肉松制备的关键工艺优化

通过对影响鸭肉松制备关键工艺条件的研究,并合理控制鸭肉松半成品制备工艺中初煮时间、复煮时间、烘烤温度以及烘烤时间4 个关键因素,以及在半成品到成品加工过程中,通过对影响产品品质、物性等指标的关键因素的进一步优化控制,得到鸭肉松制备的关键工艺参数：半成品制备初煮时间3.0 h、复煮时间2.5 h、烘烤时间130 min、烘烤温度80 ℃;成品制备刀片种类十字型搅拌刀、搅拌时间2.0 min、烘烤温度80 ℃、烘烤时间6.0 min、铺松厚度4 mm。通过此工艺能够制备出香味浓郁、色泽金黄的优质鸭肉松。     

Development of Intrinsic Fluorescent Multispectral Imagery Specific for Fat, Connective Tissue, and Myofibers in Meat

ABSTRACT: Intrinsic fluorescent properties of muscle tissue were evaluated in order to characterize the different structural components of meat. The combinations of excitation and emission wavelengths showing the best ability to distinguish the 3 components were 290/332 nm for myofiber, 322/440 (or 322/405) nm for fat, and 380/440 nm for connective tissue. Sample orientation and the mincing of meat samples affected fluorescent amplitudes but not the overall shape of the spectra. These emission spectra of meat components were used to make multispectral images to determine whether the 3 components could be distinguished. The results show that auto fluorescence can be used for selective visualization of fat, fiber, and connective tissue on digitized images of meat.     

双刀交替式连续剁馅机的设计

针对现有剁馅机技术的不足,设计一种可实现两片剁刀交替进行连续往复剁切作业的双刀交替式连续剁馅机。通过改进传统剁馅机的执行机构和传动系统,将二级锥齿轮减速器、蜗轮蜗杆减速器、带传动机构,以及作为执行机构的双曲柄滑块机构进行合理布置,以满足作业要求;并运用ADAMS软件对执行机构进行运动学分析。分析结果表明,执行机构的设计可靠且合理,所设计的新型剁馅机可大幅提高剁馅效率和制馅质量,有效避免各种营养成分的流失和馅沫飞溅现象的发生。     

Transfer of foodborne pathogenic bacteria to non-inoculated beef fillets through meat mincing machine

The aim of this study was to evaluate the transfer of pathogens population to non-inoculated beef fillets through meat mincing machine. In this regard, cocktails of mixed strain cultures of each Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were used for the inoculation of beef fillets. Three different initial inoculum sizes (3, 5, or 7 log CFU/g) were tested. The inoculated beef fillets passed through meat mincing machine and then, six non-inoculated beef fillets passed in sequence through the same mincing machine without sanitation. The population of each pathogen was measured. It was evident that, all non-inoculated beef fillets were contaminated through mincing with all pathogens, regardless the inoculum levels used. This observation can be used to cover knowledge gaps in risk assessments since indicates the potential of pathogen contamination and provides significant insights for the risk estimation related to cross-contamination, aiming thus to food safety enhancement.     

Fish soup versus fish mince: a rapid autoclave method for preparing fish flesh for chemical analysis

Compared to the labour‐intensive mincing method, autoclaving (pressurised steam cooking) is a fast way of preparing samples for chemical analysis. In addition, autoclaving dissolves fish scales and so enables more homogenous samples to be prepared. Initial method development work has shown that autoclaving at 150 kPa for 4 h is suitable for preparing samples for proximate and fatty acid analyses. However, the effect of autoclaving period and pressure on amino acid recovery has not been measured. A comparative study was made between autoclaving and mincing. The proximate chemical, fatty acid and amino acid composition of silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) was measured. The control samples (n = 3) were minced but not autoclaved. Each autoclaved sample (n = 36) was subjected to one of four autoclave periods (1, 2, 3 or 4 h) and one of three pressures (103, 155 or 207 kPa). Compared with mincing, autoclaving decreased nitrogen, increased energy and fat but had a variable effect on fatty acid recovery. Compared with mincing, autoclaving either had no effect on or increased the recovery of all amino acids, except cystine which was marginally reduced. Thus autoclaving appears to offer a superior method for preparing fish samples for amino acid analysis compared with mincing alone. Increasing autoclave pressure from 103 to 207 kPa had no measured effect on flesh composition. Sample processing time in the autoclave can be reduced from 4 to 1 h with silver perch flesh. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

金鲳鱼鱼糜制品加工工艺优化

以金鲳鱼鱼糜凝胶为研究对象,利用部分因子试验从漂洗时间、漂洗次数、擂溃方式、加热时间1、加热温度1、加热时间2、加热温度2七因素中筛选出5个对金鲳鱼鱼糜制品的凝胶强度和白度影响显著的因素,即漂洗时间、漂洗次数、擂溃时间、加热时间1及加热时间2。通过最陡爬坡试验逼近该5个因素的最大响应区域,最后利用中心复合设计响应面试验优化显著的因素,结果表明:漂洗时间3min,漂洗5次,擂溃21min,第1次加热10min,第2次加热10min,所得鱼糜凝胶强度为10 728.16g·mm;漂洗时间4min,漂洗6次,擂溃22min,第1次加热11min,第2次加热10min,优化后白度为70.91。     

Comparison of in vitro starch digestibility methods for predicting the glycaemic index of grain foods

BACKGROUND: In vitro starch digestibility tests are useful for the prediction of glycaemic index (GI). However, there are no internationally recognised methods and no one method has been found to be suitable for all food types. This study compared six in vitro methods, using four grain foods, including those with a varied particle size and soluble fibre content. Method variations included using chewing or mincing, mincing with or without amylase and incubation in a restricted versus non‐restricted system. Hydrolysis index (HI) values, calculated from the starch digestibility curves and GI prediction equations were used to compare the in vitro results to GI. RESULTS: HI values for five of the six methods ranked all foods in the same order as the GI values. Using a GI prediction equation (predicted GI_HI) the mincing (without amylase) non‐restricted method had the smallest standard error of prediction between the predicted GI_HI and GI values. This method was then validated using 14 grain foods and demonstrated a significant correlation (r = 0.93, P < 0.01) between the in vitro starch digestibility and reported GI responses. CONCLUSIONS: The non‐restricted mincing method showed good potential as a new in vitro starch digestibility method for predicting GI in grain foods. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Boning and Storage Temperature Effects on the Attributes of Soft Jerky and Frozen Cooked Free-flow Mince

Hot or cold boning and frozen or chilled storage of beef for 1 mo had no effect on sensory panel acceptability of soft beef jerky (easier to chew than traditional jerky) processed using a two step drying method and a frozen cooked free-flow mince (ground beef) made from the beef. For jerky, panel scores for texture and overall acceptability decreased with increased peak force and softness scores increased with increased final yield. Sensory panelists disliked the greyish-brown color of the cooked free-flow mince. The most acceptable free-flow mince was produced by cooking Alogs@ to 73°C, then mincing at –6°C. The degree of freeflowness and the amount of fines tended to increase with decreasing mincing temperature.     

JR1000A绞肉机的结构设计

本文论述了肉类加工机械－ＪＲ１０００Ａ绞肉机的工作原理，主要技术参数，传动系统，典型零件的结构设计及生产能力分析。