NAK80模具钢表面激光熔覆钴基合金涂层的组织和摩擦磨损性能

采用激光熔覆方法在NAK80模具钢表面制备钴基合金熔覆层,用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析了熔覆层的显微组织,通过干滑动摩擦试验研究了熔覆层的摩擦磨损性能,分析了其磨损机制,并用三维表面形貌仪观察磨损试样的表面形貌。结果表明:熔覆层的主要组成相为Cr23C6、Co3Mo2Si、MoC、FeCr和γ-Co;熔覆层由涂层与基体界面处的平面晶区、涂层中部的胞状树枝晶区和表层的网状等轴晶粒区组成;经激光熔覆处理后的NAK80模具钢表面硬度和耐磨性得到了显著改善,与NAK80模具钢相比,熔覆层表面的平均摩擦因数降低了约34%,比磨损率下降了约91.3%;熔覆层的磨损机制为粘着磨损和轻微的显微切削。     

激光熔覆TiCp/Ni基合金复合涂层的显微组织与性能

应用激光熔覆技术在45钢表面熔覆了TiCp增强Ni基合金复合涂层,通过SEM、TEM分析以及磨损试验,研究了复合涂层的组织及摩擦学特性。研究结果表明,TiC颗粒在熔覆层中发生部分溶解和重新析出;在凝固应力作用下,TiC颗粒与粘结金属界面之间存在孪晶和位错。熔覆层与基体形成交互扩散区,在该区中发现(Fe,Cr)23C6碳化物,同时还存在大量的α和γ微晶。涂层局部区域存在Ni-Si-B-RE非晶物相。稀土氧化物不能显著地提高复合涂层显微硬度,但能明显地减小复合涂层的摩擦因数,显著提高涂层的耐磨性。TiC质量分数为50％时,熔覆层具有最佳耐磨性。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆TiC复合涂层显微组织的研究

采用HL-5000型横流CO2激光加工机,在TC4钛合金表面制备了表面较平整、较细密、基本消除了裂纹与孔隙并与基体呈冶金结合的TiC复合涂层。通过SEM、EDAX、XRD、HXD分析了熔覆层的显微组织、成分、物相．测试了激光熔覆层的显微硬度。结果表明,激光熔覆制备的TiC复合涂层与基体呈冶金结合,涂层中有大量小块状、针状TiC颗粒和TiC树枝晶。激光熔覆层由TiC、γ—Ni、TiB2、CrB、Ni3B等相组成。熔覆层的显微硬度平均值约为950HV0.1。     

激光熔覆Ni/TiC复合涂层组织与性能

采用激光熔覆技术在45钢样品表面制备了Ni/TiC复合涂层,利用光学显微镜、SEM,EDS,XRD、显微镜硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机等检测设备研究了Ni/TiC复合涂层的组织和性能。试验结果表明：Ni/TiC复合涂层没有出现裂纹、孔洞等缺陷,涂层与基体之间具有良好的冶金结合,涂层显微硬度沿层深皆呈明显的阶梯状分布,最外表面的熔覆层硬度最高,约为800 HV;熔覆试样的比磨损率比基体试样的比磨损率下降了86.5％,表明Ni/TiC复合涂层具有较好的耐磨性能。     

WC颗粒增强镍基涂层改善制动盘组织与磨损性能

为提高汽车制动盘耐磨和高温氧化性能,延长其使用寿命,采用激光熔覆技术在中碳钢表面制备了以WC颗粒为增强相的Ni基复合涂层.借助SEM和XRD等表征手段对制动盘表面涂层进行了组织和物相分析,利用维氏硬度计测试了制动盘表面涂层截面显微硬度分布,通过摩擦磨损实验研究了制动盘表面涂层的磨损性能.研究表明,制动盘表面涂层主要由γ-（Ni,Fe）固溶体、均匀分布WC颗粒和碳化物抗磨损相组成.涂层平均显微硬度HV0.2670,显微硬度值波动较小较为平稳,证明涂层组织比较均匀.在多种强化效果共同作用下,制动盘表面涂层的磨损量与基材相比明显减小,仅为基材的20％,抗磨损性能显著提高.     

激光熔覆制备Fe基合金涂层的微观结构与力学性能*

采用激光熔覆在25Cr2Ni4MoV钢基材表面制备铁基合金涂层,研究激光熔覆涂层的微观组织、显微硬度、抗剪强度、摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：激光熔覆Fe基合金涂层与25Cr2Ni4MoV钢基材界面形成了良好的冶金结合;激光熔覆层为典型的树枝晶形貌,由浅灰色及深灰色2种不同物相相间组成;激光熔覆区的显微硬度显著高于基体区和熔合区,平均剪切强度达280.83 MPa;激光熔覆Fe基合金涂层的平均干摩擦因数、磨痕轮廓深度及平均磨损体积较25Cr2Ni4MoV钢基材分别下降了约25%、45%及50%;激光熔覆所制备的Fe基合金涂层的耐磨性能远高于25Cr2Ni4MoV钢基体,该型涂层对基体有着良好保护作用。     

镍包SiC_p增强Ni35合金激光熔覆层的显微组织及摩擦磨损性能

采用激光熔覆工艺在H13模具钢基体表面制备镍包SiC_p增强Ni35合金熔覆层,研究了熔覆层的显微组织以及在25,600℃下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:熔覆层由γ-Ni(Fe)+M_3(B,Si)共晶相、M_(23)C_6型碳化物、M_7C_3型碳化物、Ni_(31)Si_(12)镍硅化物和石墨组成;在不同温度下摩擦磨损后,熔覆层表面的显微硬度均高于基体的,磨损体积小于基体的;25℃下熔覆层的耐磨性能较基体的明显提高,且提高效果高于600℃下的;25℃下熔覆层的磨损机制主要为微磨粒磨损和黏着磨损,600℃下的则主要为磨粒磨损、黏着磨损以及轻微的氧化磨损。     

45钢表面激光熔覆Ni/TiC性能研究

通过采用LWS-500型激光焊接机对45号钢进行激光熔覆处理,熔覆材料选用Ni/TiC合金粉末,通过观察熔覆层的显微组织和测量显微硬度.分析了Ni/TiC的配比对熔覆层金相组织结构及显微硬度的影响.结果表明,采用Ni60+ 20％TiC合金粉末进行激光熔覆,得到的熔覆层品质最佳.     

w(Ti+B4C+C)/w(Ni60A)对等离子熔覆镍基复合涂层结构与性能的影响

以Ni60A合金粉、钛(Ti)粉、石墨(C)粉和B4C粉为原料,其中w(Ti+B4C+C)/w(Ni60A)(w为质量分数/％)分别为0:100,10:90,20:80,30:70,采用反应等离子熔覆技术在304不锈钢表面制备镍基复合涂层,研究了w(Ti+B4C+C)/w(Ni60A)对涂层成形性、显微组织、硬度和耐磨性能的影响.结果表明:添加Ti+B4C+C的镍基复合涂层与基体呈冶金结合,且主要由(Ni,Fe)、CrB、TiC和Cr3Si相组成;增大w(Ti+B4C+C)/w(Ni60A)会增加强化相析出量,降低成形性;CrB在涂层中下部呈灰黑色细长条状,在上部呈细小块状或棒状,TiC主要以细小颗粒弥散分布于涂层中;当w(Ti+B4C+C)/w(Ni60A)为20:80时,涂层综合性能较优,平均显微硬度最高(948HV),磨痕截面面积约为纯Ni60A合金涂层的1/5;镍基复合涂层主要发生黏着磨损和氧化磨损.     

铝合金表面添加La_2O_3激光熔覆Ni基WC金属陶瓷涂层研究

添加适量La2O3,采用自配的熔覆材料在ZL108表面激光熔覆制备了Ni基WC金属陶瓷复合涂层,对熔覆层进行了显微组织和能谱分析、显微硬度测量以及室温下的干滑动摩擦磨损试验。结果表明,在铝合金表面激光熔覆处理时添加适量La2O3获得的Ni基WC金属陶瓷增强涂层无裂纹,组织细小,致密,WC颗粒增强相与基体之间结合良好。室温下熔覆层的磨损主要为显微切削和粘着磨损,干摩擦磨损性能优良。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.