TWIP钢中晶粒尺寸对TWIP效应的影响

冷轧TWIP钢经1073,1173,1273和1373K固溶处理10min后,得到了晶粒尺寸分别为7,13,30和63μm的奥氏体组织.拉伸实验表明,随着晶粒尺寸的增加,加工硬化速率(dσ/dε)与真应变(ε)的变化关系由2阶段变为3阶段.当晶粒尺寸大于30μm时,加工硬化速率与真应变关系中的第2阶段对应的应变长度随着晶粒尺寸的增加而迅速增加.当真应变为0—0.2时,加工硬化指数随真应变的增加而迅速增加;在随后的变形中,与上述4个晶粒尺寸对应的试样的加工硬化指数分别稳定在0.47,0.53,0.56和0.68.OM和TEM观察显示,随晶粒尺寸的增大,变形过程中形变孪晶数量增多.对于较大晶粒尺寸的试样,形变孪晶在拉伸变形过程中形核的临界应力较低,随变形量增加,形变孪晶可持续形成,使其加工硬化能力增加,从而增大了TWIP效应;相反,晶粒尺寸减小使变形过程中的形变孪晶形核临界应力增大,抑制形变孪晶的产生,从而减小了TWIP效应.     

氮强化高锰奥氏体不锈钢的应变硬化行为

研究了２２Ｍｎ－１３Ｃｒ－５Ｎｉ－０．２５Ｎ钢的应变硬化行为。结果表明：变形初期，形变孪晶的形成降低应变硬化指数；随应变增加，先形成的形变孪晶阻碍位错运动和阻碍其它｛１１１｝形变孪晶形成，从而提高应变硬化指数。应变硬化指数ｎ与真应变量ε的关系为ｎ＝ａ·１ｎｅ＋ｂ。晶粒尺寸对ｎ值的影响与应变量有关，当ε＜０．１时，随晶粒尺寸增大，应变硬化指数先降后升；当ε≥０．１时，应变硬化指数随晶粒尺寸的增大而增加。     

汽车用Mg-Al-Sn合金的室温变形行为

以热轧Mg-Al-Sn合金板材为研究对象,对轧制试样进行250~450 ℃的退火,研究了晶粒尺寸和应变速率对Mg-Al-Sn合金室温变形行为的影响规律。结果表明,同一应变量下,随晶粒尺寸增加,合金屈服强度、抗拉强度及伸长率降低,孪晶数量增加,且随着应变量的增加,同一晶粒尺寸合金中孪晶数量逐渐增加。随应变速率降低,合金屈服强度与抗拉强度不断减小,而伸长率则不断增加。同一应变量下,随应变速率降低,合金中孪晶体积分数降低。     

轧制变形对Mn13组织及性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和HD-187.5型硬度计对高锰钢在不同轧制应力条件下的组织和性能进行了分析和研究。结果表明:随形变量的增大,位错密度增加,组织中孪晶的数量明显增加,晶粒细化。高锰钢的硬度随着形变量的增加而增大。说明大量的孪晶变形、孪晶和位错之间的交互作用是高锰钢产生应变硬化的主要原因。     

复合变形应变状态对AZ31镁合金组织性能的影响

分析了压痕-压平复合变形工艺特点及应力与应变状态。研究了压痕-压平复合变形时应变状态对镁合金材料孪晶组织的影响。结果表明,应变状态是镁合金材料产生孪晶的主要因素。拉伸变形区的组织产生了少量的孪晶,晶粒细化不明显;压缩变形区的组织产生了很多细小的压缩孪晶,晶粒细化明显。压痕-压平复合变形产生了压缩变形→孪晶组织形成→发生动态再结晶→孪晶消失→晶粒细化的组织演变过程,形成分布均匀的细小的晶粒组织,从而使镁合金板料的组织性能得到有效改善。压痕-压平复合变形使镁合金板材的形核率的增加速率大于晶粒长大率的增加速率,发生了完全动态再结晶后,晶粒得到进一步细化。     

汽车用Mg-Al-Sn合金的室温变形行为

以热轧Mg-Al-Sn合金板材为研究对象,对轧制试样进行了250~450℃的退火处理,研究了晶粒尺寸和应变速率对Mg-Al-Sn合金室温变形行为的影响,并分析了其作用机理。结果表明,随着退火温度升高,合金的晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,在整个退火过程中,除了个别晶粒发生了异常长大外,晶粒尺寸的分布都较为均匀。随着晶粒尺寸的增加,在同一应变量下,孪晶数量增加,且随着应变量的增加,合金中孪晶的数量逐渐增加。两种晶粒尺寸的合金随着应变速率的降低,合金的屈服强度与抗拉强度不断降低,而伸长率则不断增加。随着应变量的增加,合金中孪晶的体积分数逐渐增加;在同一应变量下,10-2 s-1下的合金中孪晶体积分数都大于10-4 s-1下的合金。     

纯钛的热变形行为及显微组织演变

用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对退火态纯钛试样,在变形温度298~723 K、应变速率10~(-4)~10~1s~(-1)下进行热压缩试验,研究变形温度和应变速率对其热变形行为及组织演变的影响。结果表明:纯钛的压缩行为与变形温度和应变速率存在相关性;当应变速率一定时,流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小;当变形温度一定时,流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大。显微组织观察结果显示:在低温或高应变速率下变形时,形变组织主要为大尺寸等轴晶和孪晶,随着温度的升高或应变速率的降低,再结晶晶粒逐渐增多,孪晶数量减少,直至消失。     

晶粒尺寸对Fe-20Mn-3Cu-1.3C合金钢加工硬化行为的影响

Fe-20Mn-3Cu-1.3C钢经热轧,冷轧后分别在950、970和1050℃下保温10 min进行再结晶处理,得到平均晶粒尺寸为18.12、24.56和47.00 μm的试样.硬度测试表明,随着晶粒尺寸的增大,合金拉伸变形前的显微维氏硬度而逐渐减小,而合金拉伸变形前后的硬度变化量逐渐增大.拉伸测试表明,在低应变阶段,TWIP钢应变硬化速率随真应变的增加而明显增加,而其增幅未随晶粒尺寸的增大发生明显变化;随着应变的增加,其应变硬化指数增加的幅度随晶粒尺寸的增大而增大.在低应变阶段,位错强化起主要作用;而高应变阶段,孪晶硬化起主要作用.     

纳米面心立方金属的变形机制及影响其力学性能的因素

综述了纳米面心立方金属的变形机制随晶粒尺寸的减小而发生的变化,即变形机制由晶界处发射不全位错、形成孪晶转变为晶界滑移、晶粒转动.当变形机制为晶界处发射不全位错、形成孪晶时,存在最佳孪晶形成晶粒尺寸范围,此时的孪晶形核应力最小.另一方面,随着晶粒尺寸的减小,在变形机制发生转变的临界晶粒尺寸附近存在韧-脆断裂方式的转变.提高孪晶密度、在纳米晶材料中加入微米晶相形成双峰晶粒材料可以提高纳米晶材料的塑性,得到更好的综合机械性能.     

利用取向成像研究镁合金的孪生过程

利用背散射电子衍射取向成像技术,定量分析了具有初始织构的AZ31镁合金平面应变压缩时的孪生过程.结果表明:初始织构为晶粒单胞的c轴平行于轧向时,晶粒内部的{1012}孪生是主要的形变机制,产生(0001)∥轧面的基面织构.随形变量的加大及孪晶的增多,86.3°〈1120〉的孪晶取向关系先急剧增加,然后明显降低.孪晶量与基面取向晶粒的面积百分数对应,而跟孪晶关系出现的多少不相对应.测定了应变量与孪晶量的定量关系,并讨论了可能出现的误差.     

Quantitative analysis of orange peel during tension of 6063 alloy spun tubes

Severe surface roughening during plastic deforming of aluminum alloy parts can produce “orange peel” defects. To analyze “orange peel” of 6063 aluminum alloy tube quantificationally, the tensile tests of trapezoidal specimens were carried out. The tubes with different grain sizes were obtained by spinning and subsequent annealing heat treatment. The macroscopical behavior of surface roughening was characterized by surface roughness R_a using a laser scanning confocal microscope. The corresponding microscopic behavior was reflected by microstructures of specimens and in-situ observation using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The obtained results show that the surface roughness increased firstly with increasing strain and then decreased slightly. There was a critical strain for aluminum alloy tube, below which “orange peel” defect would not occur. For the tube with a mean grain size of 80, 105, 130 and 175 μm, the critical strains were 10.17%, 5.74%, 3.15% and 1.62%, respectively. Meanwhile, the surface roughening behavior was produced by serious inhomogeneous deformation between grains as strain increased, and was aggravated as the grain size increased due to the larger local deformation in larger grains.     

喷丸直径对GH4169合金性能和损伤演化的影响

采用半自动光学显微镜、激光共焦显微镜、MTS-Landmark电液伺服力学性能试验机等设备,研究了GH4169合金经不同直径弹丸喷丸处理后的微观组织和力学性能。利用数字图像相关方法(DIC),对材料单轴拉伸过程的表观损伤演化行为进行分析。结果表明,随着弹丸直径由ϕ0.6 mm增大到ϕ4.3 mm,GH4169合金的表面细晶层厚度由420 μm 增大到530 μm,其表面粗糙度最大较原始试样增大了80.8%。喷丸处理后,材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度均有所提高,其伸长率下降。随着塑性变形增加,喷丸前后GH4169合金的损伤演化规律相似,变形初期材料发生均匀变形且变形缓慢,损伤因子达到临界值后材料开始快速损伤。喷丸直径越大,临界塑性应变越小,材料越早发生快速损伤。建立了不同喷丸直径GH4169合金的损伤演化方程,对喷丸强化材料的寿命评估具有重要意义。     

EH36钢埋弧焊接头焊缝金属不均匀性对断裂行为的影响

为研究EH36钢埋弧焊焊缝金属组织不均匀性对裂纹起裂行为的影响，采用微小力学试验系统，对EH36钢埋弧焊焊缝中两种不同取向试样进行微拉伸试验，并对两组试样裂纹萌生机理进行显微观察. 结果表明,两组试样塑性变形均集中在先共析铁素体上，且先共析铁素体上应变分布不均匀；横向加载试样为微孔聚集型断裂，由于“弱”应力奇异性的存在，裂纹在应变集中作用下起源于三叉晶界；纵向加载试样变形集中在先共析铁素体与针状铁素体界面处并导致界面剥离生成裂纹，断口具有局部脆性的特征.     

AZ91D镁合金屑的固相再生(英文)

利用固相再生技术回收利用AZ91D镁合金屑,具体工艺为先冷压再热挤。结果表明:制备的AZ91D镁合金具有较好的力学性能且晶粒明显细化。在热挤出过程中发生了动态再结晶,且动态再结晶组织受到热挤温度和应变速率的影响,在300-350 °C下基面滑移和孪晶协调变形导致动态再结晶晶粒产生,形成"项链"组织;在 350-400 °C下位错的交滑移控制动态再结晶形核;高于400 °C时位错攀移控制了整个动态再结晶过程,形成均匀的再结晶组织。随着应变速率增加AZ91D镁合金力学性能增大,改善了材料的力学性能,但应变速率过大,制备试样表面出现裂纹,影响材料的力学性能。     

Microstructural Evolution and Biodegradation Response of Mg-2Zn-0.SNd Alloy During Tensile and Compressive Deformation

The effect of deformation behavior on the in vitro corrosion rate of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy was investigated experimentally after uniaxial tensile and compressive stress.The microstructure and texture were characterized using electron backscattered diffraction and X-ray diffraction,while potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests were used to investigate the cor-rosion response after deformation.The result reveals that applied compressive stress has more dominant effect on the corro-sion rate of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy as compared to tensile stress.Both tensile and compressive strains introduce dislocation slip and deformation twins in the alloy,thereby accelerating the corrosion rate due to the increased stress corrosion related to dislocation slips and deformation twins.The { 10(1)2} tension twinning and prismatic slip were the major contributors to tensile deformation while basal slip,and { 10(1)2} tension twin were obtainable during compressive deformation.The twinning activity after deformation increases with the plastic strain and this correlates with the degradation rate.     

表面状态对疲劳塑性变形局部化的影响

目的研究不同的表面状态对Waspaloy~(TM)镍基高温合金塑性变形局部化的影响,确定最优的评价塑性应变局部化的三维表面粗糙度参数。方法对两组Waspaloy~(TM)高温镍基合金先进行机械抛光至0.02mm,然后分别进行电解抛光和化学蚀刻,得到不同的两种表面状态。通过制作标准试样进行疲劳试验得到疲劳寿命,并采用原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和三维表面轮廓仪分析Waspaloy~(TM)镍基高温合金在电解抛光和化学蚀刻处理前后的表面形貌以及裂纹萌生形貌。结果试样经过电解抛光和化学蚀刻后,电解抛光表面质量更好,三维表面粗糙度Sa(表面算数平均偏差)分别是0.001、0.018mm,经过疲劳试验后的值分别为0.024、0.026mm,表面粗糙度参数Sp(表面最大峰高)均为0.131mm。电解抛光试样的疲劳寿命为800,化学蚀刻试样的疲劳寿命为700。经过化学蚀刻和电解抛光的试样疲劳裂纹均是从滑移带处开始产生,并沿滑移带扩展。结论表面状态影响材料的疲劳寿命,表面粗糙度小的试样疲劳寿命长。三维表面粗糙度参数Sp适用于描述材料疲劳塑性应变局部化,其临界值揭示了材料裂纹萌生。     

Role of tension twins on warm deformation behavior of AZ31 Mg alloy

Twinning has been known to play an important role on plastic deformation of wrought magnesium alloys. Role of tension twins on warm deformation has thus been investigated in this study under two different loading conditions, viz. tensile and compressive loading at 250 °C using hot-rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy. Tension twins were observed to form under a compressive loading perpendicular to the c-axis and also under a tensile loading along the c-axis at 250 °C. Various morphologies and volume fractions of tension twins were generated under different loading conditions, but they exhibit different flow curves and work hardening behavior during the warm deformation. The ‘Hall-Petch type hardening effect’ appeared to contribute significantly in an early stage of deformation below the strain of ～0.1, while texture hardening effect became dominant above the ～10% strain in RD-C specimen. ND-T specimen was, on the other hand, found to generate tension twins continuously up to fracture, but dislocation slip became dominant with increasing strain above ～10%. Twins were also found to affect dynamic re-crystallization behavior during warm deformation.     

Solid-state recycling of AZ91D magnesium alloy chips

A method for recycling AZ91D magnesium alloy chips by solid-state recycling was studied. The experiments were carried out adopting the cold-press pressure and hot extrusion. The results indicate that recycled specimens of AZ91D magnesium alloy present better mechanical properties and consist of fine grains due to dynamic recrystallization. The mechanisms of dynamic recrystallization depend on plastic deformation process and change with the deformation temperature. At 300-350 °C, the deformation mechanisms are associated with the operation of basal slip and twinning, and the “necklace” structures are formed. At 350-400 °C, the cross slip results in the formation of new grains and grain refinement. At above 400 °C, the dynamic recrystallization mechanisms are controlled by dislocation climb, and recrystallized grains are homogeneous. The tensile strength of recycled specimens increases with the increase of the strain rate. When the strain rate is overhigh, the cracks and fractures in the surface appear and affect the tensile strength of recycled specimens.     

Investigation of the tensor character of mesoscopic internal stresses in tensile-deformed nickel single crystals by X-ray diffraction

X-ray diffraction profiles of tensile-deformed nickel single crystals with two different orientations of the loading axis were investigated. To characterize the internal elastic strain state on a mesoscopic scale, the profile shapes of different Bragg reflections were analysed. The asymmetric profile broadening is interpreted on the basis of a two-component model for internal stresses in a dislocation cell structure. A least-squares method was applied to determine the stress tensor for the cell interior from the asymmetry parameters of at least six independent reflections. Furthermore, this method was advanced to evaluate the distribution of the plastic deformation across the slip systems. Taking into account an inclusion approximation, by this way the calculated internal stresses were correlated with the plastic strain in the cells. The orientation of the principal axes of the stress tensor and the heterogeneity of slip in the slip systems found agree with model assumptions for the tensile deformation.     

拉伸变形对Hastelloy C-276合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用金相(OM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)以及拉伸实验等技术手段研究了不同变形量条件下Hastelloy C-276合金薄板的组织演化特征和力学性能。结果表明:变形量小于14%时,位错优先在晶界附近塞积,并产生局部应变集中;变形量在14%~30%范围内,孪晶界附近及晶粒内部产生大量位错,位错滑移引起晶粒内部应变集中增强;变形量由0%增加至30%,晶界应变集中程度因子先增大后减小,变形量为14%时晶界应变集中程度因子最大。利用Ludwigson模型回归拟合了不同变形条件下的真应力-真应变曲线,随变形量的增加,材料的加工硬化程度提高,加工硬化速率减小,发生单滑移向多滑移转变的临界应变减小。