空心玻璃微珠对PMMA/SAN共混体系相分离的影响

运用小角激光光散射(SALS)和透射电镜(TEM)等测试方法,考察了空心玻璃微珠(HGB)的含量及粒子尺寸对PMMA/SAN共混体系相分离的影响。结果表明,微米级粒子HGB粒子的填充不影响聚合物基体的相分离机理,填充和未填充体系的相行为均遵循spinodal(SD)相分离机理,但HGB粒子对组成不同的PMMA/SAN共混物基体会产生不同程度的诱导作用。HGB粒子的加入会使60/40PMMA/SAN基体相分离初期的扩散系数降低,减缓了相分离进程。微米级HGB粒子的加入对共混物基体的相形态与结构影响不显著。     

PMMA/SAN/MBS共混物的结构与性能

通过熔融共混法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚(苯乙烯-丙烯腈)/甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物(PMMA/SAN/MBS)共混物。对共混物进行了力学性能测试,结果表明,MBS的加入显著提高了共混物的冲击韧性,PMMA与SAN的配比对其冲击韧性影响不大;采用光电雾度仪和透射电镜(TEM)对共混物的光学性能和结构进行了表征,结果表明,PMMA/SAN/MBS共混物的透光率随MBS含量的增加而降低;PMMA/SAN的质量比为50/50时,MBS含量对共混物透光率的影响最小;TEM结果表明,MBS在基体中分散均匀;用光学显微镜等手段对共混物耐刮擦行为进行了研究,结果表明,MBS的加入在一定程度上降低了共混物的耐刮擦性能。     

HIPS/PPO/PS/PB-g-PS共混物的力学性能与形态结构

采用乳液接枝聚合技术在粒径300nm的聚丁二烯(PB)乳胶粒子上接枝苯乙烯(St),制备了核壳比(PB与PS的质量比)为70/30的PB-g-PS接枝共聚物。将其与高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)、聚苯醚(PPO)和聚苯乙烯(PS)树脂进行熔融共混制得了一系列HIPS/PPO/PS/PB-g-PS共混物,研究了PPO/PS的组成对共混物力学性能和形态结构的影响。结果发现,在HIPS/PPO/PS共混体系中引入PB-g-PS后,HIPS中的大粒径橡胶粒子(2μm~4μm)和PB-g-PS小粒径橡胶粒子(300 nm)具有良好的协同增韧作用;随着基体中PPO含量的增加,共混物的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均呈上升趋势;当PPO/PS质量比在25/75~50/50范围内3时,共混物冲击强度出现突变式增大,由300 J/m提高至600 J/m。形态结构研究结果表明,随着基体中PPO含量增加,PB-g-PS弹性体粒子在基体中的分散程度获得明显改善;当PPO质量分数低于10%时,主要为银纹屈服形变;当PPO质量分数高于20%时,主要为剪切屈服形变。     

纳米无机小分子物质对PVC/PVDF/PMMA共混膜性能的影响

讨论了纳米无机小分子物质TiO2、SiO2、Al2O3对PVC/PVDF/PMMA共混溶液的剪切黏度及其共混膜形态结构、水通量及机械性能等性能的影响,结果表明,无机小分子TiO2、SiO2、Al2O3的加入均能使PVC/PVDF/PMMA共混溶液的剪切粘度增加,但TiO2增加的程度最大,SiO2、Al2 O3增加的程度相当;纳米TiO2、SiO2、Al2O3对使PVC/PVDF/PMMA共混膜的水通量和韧性有较大程度的提高,且加入量为2％时,提高程度最大;SiO2、Al2O3对共混膜的结构有一定程度的影响,并使共混膜的拉伸强度略有降低,TiO2的加入对膜的结构没有太大的影响,但能使共混膜的拉伸强度略有提高.     

胶乳共混法天然橡胶/二氧化硅纳米复合材料的制备及性能

采用胶乳共混法制备天然橡胶/二氧化硅(NR/SiO2)纳米复合材料。先用硅烷偶联剂KH-570对纳米二氧化硅进行改性,再经乳液聚合接枝上聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)得到PMMA-SiO2粒子,最后将其与用MMA改性的天然胶乳(NR-PMMA)共混制得NR/SiO2纳米复合材料。采用红外光谱仪、透射电镜、扫描电镜、热重分析仪、橡胶拉伸测试机对样品进行了表征。实验结果表明,PMMA成功地接枝于SiO2表面,PMMA-SiO2在橡胶基体中分散均匀,平均粒径在60nm～80nm之间,复合材料的拉伸强度比纯的NR提高了35%,定伸应力也有显著提高。     

分布于聚苯乙烯基体相的纳米SiO_2粒子对聚苯乙烯/聚丙烯共混物相粗化的影响

研究了纳米SiO_2粒子选择性分布在聚苯乙烯(PS)基体相时对退火过程中聚苯乙烯/聚丙烯(PS/PP)共混物的形貌粗化行为的影响。结果表明,当纳米SiO_2粒子分散在共混物的PS基体时,可显著抑制共混物的形貌粗化过程,且抑制效果比纳米SiO_2粒子分布在共混物的分散相中时更强;纳米SiO_2粒子分散在PS基体相中时,不会抑制分散相PP分子链的运动,但分散相PP液滴回缩时需要带动PS基体发生形变,PS基体中的粒子网络会大大增加这一过程的阻力,从而抑制PP液滴的回缩;同时,基体中的纳米SiO_2粒子使PP液滴的合并过程变得非常困难。     

嵌段共聚物增容共混聚合物的相形貌及胶束迁移行为研究

主要研究了对称性的聚苯乙烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物(PS-b-PMMA,简称SM)对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚甲基丙烯酸环己酯(PMMA/PCHMA)熔融共混体系的增容。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了SM和PMMA分子量对共混体系微观相形态和胶束迁移行为的影响。研究表明,SM分别在PMMA与PCHMA均聚物中形成不同结构的胶束,当SM在PMMA/PCHMA界面上形成"湿刷"时,SM在PCHMA相中形成的胶束才能迁移到PMMA相中。SM的加入改善了PMMA与PCHMA之间的相容性,但其增容效果取决于SM的分子量。随着分散相PMMA分子量从19kg/mol增加到39kg/mol,PMMA粒子的平均粒径逐渐增加。     

增容剂SEP对废旧聚丙烯/废旧高抗冲聚苯乙烯共混物性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备出了废旧聚丙烯/废旧高抗冲聚苯乙烯(R-PP/R-HIPS)共混物,研究了增容剂苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯二嵌段共聚物(SEP)对R-PP/RHIPS共混物力学性能、微观形貌、熔融指数(MFI)和平衡扭矩的影响。结果表明,当SEP含量为10 phr时,共混物的缺口冲击强度为5.28 k J/m~2,相比未添加SEP的共混物提高了114.63%,拉伸强度略有下降。扫描电镜(SEM)研究表明,SEP的加入提高了分散相分散的均匀程度,细化了分散相粒子的尺寸,对共混物的增容效果明显。MFI的降低和平衡扭矩的增大表明SEP的加入提高了共混物的粘度。     

PBT／PMMA共混体系的研究

通过PBT/PMMA、PB/PMMA/PC共混物的拉伸行为、动态力学行为和形态,讨论了PC对PBT/PMMA共混体系的性能及形态的影响。指出PC的存在导致共混物中PMMA的粒径变小,使PMMA对PBT显示出增韧效应,但对PBT-PMMA的相容性无明显影响。     

聚苯乙烯/纳米二氧化钛复合材料的制备与表征

利用单螺杆挤出机和平板硫化机制备了聚苯乙烯/纳米二氧化钛(PS/纳米TiO₂)的共混物。研究了PS/纳米TiO₂(100/1.5)中聚苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐(PS-MAH)加入量对共混物的拉伸强度、冲击强度、微观结构的影响。结果表明:当PS-MAH加入PS/纳米TiO₂中20g时,共混物的拉伸强度达到最大值。紫外光照射实验结果表明,PS-MAH的加入可有效地提高PS/纳米TiO₂复合材料的抗老化性能,与PS/TiO₂复合材料相比拉伸强度提高30%。     

Morphology and rheology of poly(<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-lactide)/polystyrene blends filled with silica nanoparticles

The successful development of co-continuous structure from poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) blends by melt mixing with lower PLLA content is highly desired in preparing macroporous biomaterials. However, the low viscosity of PLLA makes it difficult to prepare co-continuous PLLA blends at low PLLA concentration. In this study, hydrophilic silica nanoparticle is adopted to control the morphology of co-continuous polystyrene (PS)/PLLA blends. The influence of nanoparticle concentration on the co-continuity intervals and rheological properties of PS/PLLA blends are examined. The morphological stability of blends against melt annealing is also determined and discussed with a conceptual coarsening model for co-continuous structure. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of silica nanoparticles into PS/PLLA blends can be used to prepare macroporous PLLA structure with controllable pore size at lower PLLA content.     

Co-continuous morphology and stress relaxation behaviour of unfilled and silica filled PP/EPDM blends

These researches aimed at bringing significant and useful information regarding the morphologies and relaxation behaviour of PP/EPDM blends as detailed morphological studies of such uncrosslinked blends are still lacking in the literature. This work allowed a fruitful study of the correlation between their morphology and final mechanical properties, especially concerning their relaxation behaviour. In particular, among all the expected morphologies, the co-continuity is virtually undescribed in the literature whereas it is surely one of the most interesting one regarding the confinement effect of two continuous phases having such a low interfacial tension. The experimental conditions leading to such an atypical morphology have been thoroughly described, and its final properties have shown amazing results especially regarding the relaxation and strain recovery behaviours encountered during compression set experiments. As a matter of fact, these experiments highlighted interesting industrial properties related to such a particular morphology: uncrosslinked co-continuous blends reveal a final strain recovery of nearly 40% after a 25% strain applied for 10 h at 100 °C which could be discussed on the basis of several physical and rheological considerations. Additionally, the study of the stabilization of such a morphology has also brought interesting results. Finally, we have also studied the influence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles on such a specific morphology and its correlated compression set properties.     

纳米粒子定向细微化PAI/EP体系的微观相容结构及其摩擦性能

通过纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)调整PAI/EP共混体系微观结构,并利用红外谱图(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、MRH-3摩擦磨损试验机分析共混体系的反应机制、微观形貌、摩擦性能。结果表明:PAI/EP共混组分中,在纳米粒子填料EP含量为3%(质量分数)时,纳米粒子极大地拓宽了两相之间共连续组成范围,提高了两相之间的共连续结构的稳定性,并大幅提升了复合材料的摩擦性能,降低了摩擦系数及磨损率。同时由于纳米粒子的双渗流效应与定向聚集作用,使得共连续结构更加细微化,而细微化的结构使得摩擦过程中的磨合时间较短,与金属基材的真实接触面积减小;随着纳米填料含量的增加,复合材料的摩擦系数以及磨损率降低,摩擦系数降低了46.8%,磨损率降低了37.5%。     

Kinetically trapped co-continuous polymer morphologies through intraphase gelation of nanoparticles

We describe an approach to prepare co-continuous microstructured blends of polymers and nanoparticles by formation of a percolating network of particles within one phase of a polymer mixture undergoing spinodal decomposition. Nanorods or nanospheres of CdSe were added to near-critical blends of polystyrene and poly(vinyl methyl ether) quenched to above their lower critical solution temperature. Beyond a critical loading of nanoparticles, phase separation is arrested due to the aggregation of particles into a network (or colloidal gel) within the poly(vinyl methyl ether) phase, yielding a co-continuous spinodal-like structure with a characteristic length scale of several micrometers. The critical concentration of nanorods to achieve kinetic arrest is found to be smaller than for nanospheres, which is in qualitative agreement with the expected dependence of the nanoparticle percolation threshold on aspect ratio. Compared to structural arrest by interfacial jamming, our approach avoids the necessity for neutral wetting of particles by the two phases, providing a general pathway to co-continuous micro- and nanoscopic structures.     

Morphology and properties of acrylate styrene acrylonitrile/polybutylene terephthalate blends

The structure and mechanical properties of acrylate styrene acrylonitrile (ASA) and ASA/polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) blends have been studied. The morphology of ASA is found to conform to a previous model. 40/60 and 60/40 blends of ASA/PBT have a two-phase, dispersed morphology while the 50/50 blend is shown to have a co-continuous structure. As processing temperature is increased, the mechanical properties decrease, due to PBT degradation. The 60/40 ASA/PBT blend has very poor impact resistance because of the continuous, degraded PBT matrix. Better mechanical properties are observed for blends with a continuous ASA matrix, particularly in the 50/50 blend. Fracture surface analysis reveals a unique morphology of mushroom-like PBT fibrils for the low processing temperature samples near the crack tip. This is thought to occur due to the competition of cohesion and adhesion of the PBT with the ASA matrix.     

Specific interactions induced dispersion and confinement of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in co-continuous polymer blends

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were melt-mixed with 50/50 co-continuous blends of polyamide 6 (PA6) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). Blending sequence and moulding processes were found to have a strong impact on the conductivity of the blends with MWNT. Aggregated nature of the tubes, migration during processing and skin-core morphology generated during mould cooling step were found to be crucial parameters affecting the electrical conductivity of the blends. We report here the role of a reactive modifier: sodium salt of 6-amino hexanoic acid (Na-AHA) aiding in uniform dispersion of the MWNT in the 50/50 PA6/ABS blends and restricting the tubes utilizing specific interactions during melt-mixing in the PA6 phase in the blends. We further varied the MWNT to Na-AHA ratio from 1:1 to 1:15 to optimize the concentration of MWNT required in achieving lower electrical percolation threshold in co-continuous PA6/ABS blends. The associated percolation threshold was observed at approximately 0.5 wt% MWNT with high dielectric constant.     

Morphology and properties of ASA/PET blends

This study examines the morphology and mechanical properties of acrylate styrene acrylonitrile (ASA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) blends. The morphology of the 60/40 and 40/60 ASA/PET blends reveals a dispersed phase morphology verging on co-continuity, whilst the 50/50 blend appears to be completely co-continuous. Processing temperature has no effect on blend modulus or tensile strength and there is no statistically significant difference in mechanical performance between the three blend ratios. Charpy impact resistance decreases with increasing processing temperature. The fracture surface reveals a similar mushroom fibril morphology found for the ASA/polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) system, but is less extensive. Thermal analysis shows a marked drop in glass transition temperature for the blends compared to the component polymers.     

茂金属聚乙烯/茂金属乙烯-丙烯共聚物共混微观相结构与力学性能

采用密炼机制备了不同组成的茂金属聚乙烯/茂金属乙烯-丙烯共聚物(mPE/mEP)共混体系,利用在线取样-显微分析的方法研究了不同组成mPE/mEP共混体系的微观相态结构,在研究相态结构的基础上,研究了体系的力学性能。结果表明,mPE/mEP共混物呈现明显的两相结构,当mPE体积含量在50%~60%范围内,共混体系形成双连续相,其他组分含量时,形成"海-岛"结构形貌。共混物的拉伸强度与共混体系微观相形态的变化有关,断裂伸长率随着mPE含量的增加由2360%降至550%,拉伸模量随着mPE含量的增加由3.5MPa增至102MPa。     

纳米Al_2O_3分布对Al_2O_3/PE-EVA复合材料导热性能与力学性能的影响

旨在将纳米Al2O3分散在聚乙烯(PE)和乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)的共混物中,构建具有选择性分布结构的局域高粒子浓度导热复合材料。采用纳米Al2O3为导热填料,以PE和EVA为基体树脂,使用熔融共混法制备了Al2O3/PE-EVA导热复合材料。利用选择性溶液萃取方法和SEM研究了PE-EVA共混物的相结构及纳米Al2O3在共混物中的分布,评价了Al2O3/PE-EVA复合材料的导热性能与力学性能。结果表明:在PE与EVA质量比为1∶1时可获得具有两相共连续结构的共混物;在两相共连续PE-EVA共混物中引入纳米Al2O3后,发现纳米Al2O3主要分布在PE相中;纳米Al2O3的分布行为及共连续结构的形成有助于提高复合材料的导热性能,在纳米Al2O3质量分数为50%时,与Al2O3/PE复合材料相比,具有选择分布和相连续结构的Al2O3/PEEVA复合材料的热导率提高了21.2%;随着纳米Al2O3质量分数的增加,Al2O3/PE-EVA复合材料的拉伸强度与Al2O3/PE复合材料的拉伸强度相近,同时由于EVA相的增韧作用,其断裂伸长率优于Al2O3/PE复合材料。     

PP／UHMWPE合金的亚微相态与流变性质

研究了新型共混合物ＰＰ／ＵＨＭＷＰＥ的流变性能、亚微相态以及这两者之间的关系。发现在低剪切速率下ＰＰ／ＵＨＭＷＰＥ合金熔体的表观粘度、非牛顿指数、流动活化能都具有组成依赖性，但随剪切速率的提高或ＥＰＤＭ的加入，这种依赖性都会消炎。用ＴＥＭ观察到这种合金材料的亚微相态呈双连续相结构，正是这种双连续相结构引起了上述流变性质的特征变化。