基于平均相关和差分相干累积的微弱GPS C/A码信号精密捕获算法

针对弱信号条件下GPS C/A码捕获问题,提出一种基于平均相关和差分相干累积的码捕获算法。首先,引入相干能量最大值与第二大值的比值作为判决变量,仿真了各种捕获算法的虚警概率得到最佳的判决门限;然后,通过设置的判决门限获得不同多普勒频率偏差及信噪比条件下的检测概率;最后,比较了所提差分相干累积算法、相干非相干累积算法以及非相干累积算法的捕获灵敏度。仿真实验表明,在相同接收数据长度的情况下,采用差分相干累积算法比其他2种算法提高捕获灵敏度约2 dB。     

Detection technique for a serial DS-SS code synchronisation in afading mobile channel

A performance analysis of the threshold decision technique for direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) code synchronisation is presented. The proposed serial acquisition system is compared to the conventional serial acquisition system, and a significant improvement in performance is shown in terms of the mean acquisition time     

透地无线通信的弱信号捕获算法

基于电流场传播的无线透地通信系统,提高接收机灵敏度的关键之一是在尽可能低的信噪比下实现信号的可靠捕获。本文对传统滑动相关捕获算法进行了改进,提出了一种信号捕获新算法。系统采用高增益直接序列扩频及超宽带脉冲基带调制方式,每个码片都调制为一个近似于高斯微分脉冲的正负双峰波形。接收信号以每个码片16个样点的速率采样量化,时分分接为16路信号,各路都用相同的PN码相关器进行滑动相关解扩,每一时刻取其中某两路信号相关量之差作为判决量。理论分析和仿真结果都显示,和传统的滑动相关捕获算法相比,新方法实现可靠捕获所需信噪比可降低7.2dB。      

基于DS扩频信号的自适应门限双积分滑动相关捕获算法

提出了一种基于直接序列扩频信号的双积分滑动相关捕获算法,同时使用两组相关器联合进行码相位的捕获,捕获的门限采用CAFR(常虚警率)自适应控制方式。文中给出了这个捕获方案的数学模型,并进行了具体分析。实验表明,利用FPGA实现这种捕获算法,不仅具有较高的性价比,而且衡量PN码捕获的最关键指标——平均捕获时间也大大少于常规捕获方法。     

一种改进的DSSS系统的码捕获技术

针对低信噪比条件下直接序列扩频(DSSS)系统的码捕获问题,提出了差分非相干累加的PN码捕获技术。研究了差分相干与差分非相干码捕获技术的工作性能,仿真结果表明,差分非相干码捕获技术具有更强的抗载波频偏能力。在此基础上,克服调制数据对码捕获的影响,提出了一种改进的差分非相干码捕获技术,即差分非相干累加的码捕获技术。仿真研究证明了差分非相干累加码捕获技术比差分非相干码捕获技术有4 dB的改善,其更能适应低信噪比条件工作。     

Statistical analysis of decision threshold for parallel acquisitionwith reference filtering in Rician fading channel

Statistical analysis of the decision threshold for parallel PN code acquisition in a Rician fading channel is presented. It is shown that in the performance analysis of the acquisition system with reference filtering, the statistical evaluation of the decision threshold seems more appropriate than the approximation of the decision threshold     

基于DMF直扩系统捕获性能的研究

对以数字匹配滤波器（DMF）为核心的捕获电路的性能进行了深入研究，推导出单次、两次驻留判决方式的平均捕获时间的表达式，并进行了数值分析。得出的结论是：基于DMF的捕获电路具有很快的捕获速度，适合于猝发通信；低信噪比下，捕获速度对门限更多敏感，且两次驻留判决在低信噪比下略好于单次驻留判决。     

时移短时相关法在DSSS码捕获系统中的应用

该文提出了将时移短时相关法应用于直接序列扩频(Direct Sequence Spectrum Spreading,DSSS)码捕获系统中。首先分析了码频频偏对捕获性能的影响,在折中考虑算法复杂度及捕获性能的基础上,提出了应用时移短时相关法进行码频频偏补偿,给出了捕获系统的实现方案;分析并比较了应用时移短时相关法前后捕获系统的检测概率,结果表明,应用时移短时相关法可大大提高捕获系统的检测概率。该文对高动态低信噪比条件下进行码捕获有重要的意义。     

低信噪比高动态条件下基于FFT的二维平移累加PN码捕获算法

针对低信噪比高动态条件下直接序列扩频（DSSS）系统中PN码捕获的问题,提出了基于FFT 二维平移累 加的PN码捕获算法。首先对现有的PN码捕获技术进行了分析,然后研究了时变的载波频偏与 码频频偏对PN码捕获的影响,在此基础上,提出了基于FFT二维平移累加的PN码捕获算法。 算法的基本思想是对相关器输出的相关值在载波频偏不确定度与码相位不确定度同时进行平 移,从而消除相关峰“漂移”现象,增大非相干累加的有效性。给出了采用此算法的捕获系 统结构图,并对关键参数进行了分析。最后,通过仿真表明了该算法对捕获系统有6 dB的改 善。     

基于分段相关－视频积累方法的多驻留伪码捕获系统优化设计

针对载波多普勒下的伪码捕获问题,分析了基于分段相关-视频积累方法的多驻留伪码捕获系统的最优性能。推导了正交双通道检测器的检测概率和虚警概率表达式,给出了多驻留系统的捕获时间均值表达式;通过采用遗传算法对系统进行优化设计,增大了系统的多普勒容限,降低了捕获时间;分析了驻留级数、多普勒和载噪比等对捕获系统性能的影响。研究成果可用于指导扩频系统接收机伪码捕获模块的设计。     

Analysis of an adaptive rate convolutionally coded multicarrierDS/CDMA system

The analysis of an adaptive rate convolutionally coded multicarrier direct sequence code division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) system is considered. In order to accommodate a number of coding rates easily and make the encoder and decoder structure simple, we use the rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) code. We obtain data throughputs at several coding rates, and choose the coding rate that has the highest data throughput in the signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) sense. To achieve maximum data throughput, a rate adaptive system is proposed based on the channel state information (the SINR estimate). The SINR estimate is obtained by the soft decision Viterbi decoding metric. We show that the proposed rate adaptive convolutionally coded multicarrier DS/CDMA system can enhance the spectral efficiency and provide frequency diversity     

A Performance Comparison of Code Acquisition Techniques in DS-CDMA System

This paper compares parallel acquisition with hybrid acquisition in terms of mean acquisition time in code acquisition system of forward link and reverse link of direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system. The mean acquisition time of the hybrid and parallel acquisitions is derived from the distribution of the multiple correct code-phase offsets. Especially, the mean acquisition time of the hybrid acquisition scheme is derived by considering both case 1 (the correct code-phase offsets are included in one subset) and case 2 (the correct code-phase offsets exist at the boundary of two subsets), which are caused by the distribution of the correct code-phase offsets in the subset. Results are provided for the performance comparison between hybrid acquisition and parallel acquisition under the same hardware complexity in the forward and reverse links. In our performance evaluation of code acquisition in DS-CDMA system, the hybrid acquisition shows a better performance than the parallel acquisition in terms of mean acquisition time of the both links in the frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel.     

扩频通信系统中基于预处理的编码捕获方法

针对传统的编码捕获方法的不足,文中提出了一种改进的捕获方法。该方法利用扩频序列的循环相移特性,来消除调制信息以及随机数据影响。同时,为了改善接收信号的信噪比,通过采用反馈电路的方法,来抑制噪声干扰。理论分析和仿真实验均表明：文中提出的改进的捕获方法能够明显的改善捕获系统的正确检测概率和虚警概率,提高系统的可靠性。     

一种新的直扩超宽带系统快速同步方案

本文提出了一种新的基于能量窗的直扩超宽带系统码片同步方法，通过设计具有重复特性的码来提高能量窗的信噪比，从向可以较为准确地获得码片同步，并将窗口中的信息作为接收端本地信号与接收信号进行匹配接收，这样可以存未知接收信号相位的情况下有效地接收多径能量，提高接收信噪比。在完成码片同步之后再进一步进行PN码的相位同步，这里以线性搜索为例分析得到超宽带信号总的平均同步时间，并与现有的超宽带同步方案进行了比较，新方案将信号捕获分成两部分完成，大大降低了超宽带信号捕获时间。     

A closed-loop coherent PN acquisition system with a pre-loopestimator

We propose a closed-loop system with a pre-loop code phase estimator (PLE) for acquisition of the pseudonoise (PN) signal in direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems. It consists of two major parts: a PLE and a closed-loop acquisition subsystem. The system uses an auxiliary signal, as opposed to the PN signal itself, to correlate with the incoming signal. The PLE uses the correlation result to obtain an estimate of the incoming code phase. Then, starting with this initial estimate, the closed-loop subsystem will acquire the code phase of the incoming PN signal. With coherent carrier demodulation, mean and variance of the acquisition time of the proposed scheme are obtained and compared to those of the conventional serial-search acquisition receiver and the closed-loop system without the pre-loop estimator. Results show that, with proper choices of parameters, the proposed system acquires the PN phase significantly faster than the other two systems     

Effects of multiple threshold values in double dwell DS-SS codeacquisition systems

We describe a decision method using multiple threshold values for direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) code acquisition systems. We apply this technique to a conventional double dwell serial search algorithm and analyze it in terms of mean code acquisition time. Numerical results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the conventional one by 0.2-0.5 sec with respect to the mean code acquisition time because multiple threshold values mitigate the possible decline in search performance caused by the use of a single threshold     

Coding for Frequency-Hopped Spread-Spectrum Communication with Partial-Band Interference--Part I: Capacity and Cutoff Rate

The performance of optimal codes on frequency-hopped channels with partial-band interference is investigated. The performance measures considered are channel capacity and cutoff rate. Worst-case partial-band Gaussian noise interference is assumed with the interference independent of the transmitted signal. The capacity and cutoff rate are calculated as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio. We consider soft decision receivers and hard decision receivers with and without side information. Optimal code rates are found for each of the above cases. The required signal-to-noise ratio for reliable communication when codes are used is determined as a function of the code rate.     

PN code acquisition using smart antenna for spread-spectrum wireless communications. I

The smart antenna (a blind adaptive antenna array) has brought much attention to its ability to improve the future code-division multiple-access (CDMA) wireless communications systems. However, Adachi et al. (1998), employed only one out of M elements that are in a smart antenna array during the pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition process due to the difficulty in obtaining the weight coefficients of the smart antenna and PN code acquisition jointly and adaptively. Yet, as the PN code is acquired, all M elements are used by Adachi et al. to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a reverse link. We propose an efficient PN code acquisition scheme where all elements are employed during PN code acquisition. Also, we show that by using all elements, the PN code acquisition time can be shortened by at least 40% for a given signal-to-noise ratio and M=5, compared to the single element case. Furthermore, the power of a random access user signal in the reverse link can be lowered at least 3 dB. The additional computational load and complexity to use the proposed PN code acquisition are insignificant.     

Modeling of code acquisition process in CDMA networks-asynchronoussystems

In this paper, we discuss modeling of the serial code acquisition process in a code division multiple access (CDMA) network. Due to multiple access interference (MAI), the process is characterized by a different probability of signal detection P_D and probability of a false alarm P_FA in each cell of the code delay uncertainty region. We derive exact expressions for average code acquisition time and its variance. In addition to this, we also present several useful approximations, which enable easy engineering use of these results for practical applications in future Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) solutions. Numerical results based on this analysis are used for decision threshold optimization in code acquisition process for asynchronous CDMA networks     

数字全息数据存储系统中的格雷映射等重调制码的设计

在数字全息数据存储系统的记录通道中,使用二进制映射等重调制码有利于信号的检测.本文作者提出了6:8格雷映射等重调制码的编码方案,将每6比特数据视为一个格雷码字,而相应的等重码设计为具有2单位距离特性.当检测到的8比特码字中发生一个2码元交换错误时,该方案具有一定的容错能力.误码性能的仿真结果表明,在系统的信噪比较低时6:8格雷映射等重调制码优于6:8二进制映射等重调制码.