粉末活性炭去除饮用水中2-MIB应用研究

随着我国《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2022)的实施,城市供水水质进一步提高的同时给部分仅使用常规处理工艺水厂的带来了挑战。为确保2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)稳定达标,常规处理工艺自来水厂将使用投加粉末活性炭的方法达到去除的目的。通过系统性研究实际生产中粉末活性炭的投加量、吸附时间、投加点对2-MIB去除的影响,结合出厂水水质、运行管理效率和经济性评价,确定应用粉末活性炭去除饮用水中2-MIB是可行的技术。结果表明,当原水2-MIB浓度为(61.2±3.70) ng/L时,在0～330 min吸附时间内,随着吸附时间延长,投加5～40 mg/L的粉末活性炭2-MIB的去除率增加;当吸附时间为300 min时,投加40 mg/L的粉末活性炭能将2-MIB浓度为(61.05±2.24) ng/L的原水降至低于10 ng/L;多级投加粉末活性炭对2-MIB去除效果明显优于原水单级投加,原水2-MIB浓度为(63.85±22.13) ng/L时,多级投加50 mg/L粉末活性炭2-MIB去除率(85.1±2.63)%。投加30 mg/L的粉末活性炭能将原水中高锰酸盐指数平均去除率从...     

pH对粉末活性炭去除有机物的影响

粉末活性炭去除水中有机物的效果受水的pH影响较大。降低水的pH,可显著提高粉末活性炭去除有机物的效果。对于黄浦江水,当pH为5.5,粉末活性炭投加量为40mg/L时,DOC和UV_(254)的去除率分别达到43.8％和36.2％。     

粉末活性炭回流高密度沉淀池生物强化作用研究

研究了投加粉末活性炭并回流泥炭后高密度沉淀池对有机物的去除效果。结果表明:粉末活性炭回流后有机物的去除效果显著提高:CODMn平均去除率为43.66%,比未投加粉末活性炭工况的32%提高了近12个百分点,沉淀池出水平均CODMn为3.46mg/L,比未投加粉末活性炭时的4.13mg/L降低了约0.7mg/L;对比投炭前后沉淀池中底泥的微生物好氧速率,发现其微生物量的提高与有机物去除效果的变化一致,投加粉未活性炭提高了污泥中微生物量从而提高了有机物的去除率;通过GC-MS对半挥发性有机物的检测发现,投加粉末活性炭后的吸附作用对有机物的浓度有很好的去除效果但对有机物种类去除效果有限,而投炭后吸附以及随着投炭产生的微生物强化作用对有机物种类和浓度都有很好的去除效果。     

粉末活性炭技术处理水中臭味物质的应用研究

随着水资源日益紧缺、水质恶化,原水臭味问题成为我国给水厂迫切关注的水质问题.经过对B市地表水水源突发臭味问题进行分析,确定2-MIB为水体主要致臭物质.通过臭氧、高锰酸钾预氧化和粉末活性炭对水中2-MIB的去除试验,发现粉末活性炭对其处理效果最佳.原水投加粉末活性炭与现有水厂常规处理 活性炭工艺构成解决臭味问题的双重技术保障.通过实验室吸附试验和中试确定了粉末活性炭投加点位置和投加量等技术参数.在加强滤池反冲洗及部分回流水排放的条件下,原水2-MIB浓度达到100 ng/L时,投加15 mg/L粉末活性炭、20 mg/L聚氯化铝时,可将出厂水2-MIB控制在10 ng/L以下.     

微污染湘江原水强化混凝处理工艺试验研究

针对株洲市自来水公司湘江水源水和出厂水水质 ,进行强化混凝试验研究。试验表明 ,采用高锰酸钾 粉末活性炭联用组合工艺 ,对老水厂改造 ,提高除污去浊效率 ,确实是一种经济有效的手段。高锰酸钾作为强氧化剂 ,降解有机物效果较理想 ,粉末活性炭对水中的小分子有机物有很好的吸附作用 ,有利于去色除味。两者组合同时用于常规净水工艺流程 ,使之协同作用 ,效果更为显著。当原水CODMn为 4 0 3mg/L ,浊度为 30NTU ,UV2 54为0 33,NH3 -N为 0 4 6mg/L时 ,投加聚合氯化铝 2 0mg/L ,沉淀水相应水质参数分别为 :2 72mg/L ,1 86NTU ,0 0 88,0 2 8mg/L ,去除率分别为 32 5 % ,93 8% ,73 3% ,39 1% ;采用高锰酸钾 粉末活性炭联用组合工艺 ,高锰酸钾投加量0 2mg/L ,聚合氯化铝投加量 2 0mg/L ,粉末活性炭投加量10mg/L ,沉淀水相应水质参数分别为 :1 87mg/L ,1 4 3NTU ,0 0 3,0 2 0mg/L ,而滤后水相应水质参数为 :0 93mg/L ,0 81NTU ,0 0 3,0 19mg/L ,去除率为 76 5 % ,97 3% ,90 9% ,5 8 7%。强化混凝正交试验表明 :助凝剂、混凝剂投加顺序即投加点以及高锰酸钾投加量 ,对UV2 54,NH3 -N及浊度去除均有显著影响。高锰酸钾与聚合氯化铝同时投加 ,30s后再投加粉末活性炭 ,效果最好。     

活性炭可吸附性在黄河水深度处理中的试验研究

通过控制活性炭投加量、吸附时间、温度、pH以及O3投加量等因素,考察不同类型活性炭对黄河水中有机物的去除情况。研究发现:酸性环境有利于活性炭的吸附作用,破碎炭在CODMn、UV254以及TOC的去除上明显优于柱状炭,其最佳吸附时间在120min左右,当活性炭的投加浓度为1.6g/L时,活性炭对TOC的吸附接近饱和,当臭氧投加量为3mg/L时,处理效果比较理想。     

粉末活性炭应急处理原水静态模拟试验研究

采用静态模拟试验,研究了粉末活性炭应急投加技术中存在的碳种优选、最佳投加量和投加点确定等问题。结果表明,投加粉末活性炭作为头部原水水质变化的应急处理手段是完全可行的,能够保证给水厂的供水安全;PICA煤质碳为粉末活性炭应急处理原水的最佳碳种;结合UV254、CODMn和色度三项指标以及给水厂的实际情况得出,吸水井处为粉末活性炭应急投加的最佳点;在水质急剧变化时,粉末活性炭投量为20～30mg/L是适宜的,其中UV254的去除率净增加20%左右,CODMn的去除率净提高10%左右;当水质极端变差时可考虑将粉末活性炭的投加量增加至50mg/L。     

臭氧—活性炭—超滤组合工艺处理石油微污染水的试验研究

采用臭氧-活性炭-超滤(O3-GAC-UF)处理石油微污染水,研究该组合工艺对水中石油污染物的去除效果.结果表明,当原水油含量为4 mg/L左右时,在臭氧投加量约为4 mg/L、反应时间为12 min、活性炭停留时间为12 min条件下,超滤出水油含量为0.027 mg/L,对色度、浊度和CODMn的去除率均接近100%,UV254从0.117 cm-1降低为0.004 cm-1,并且随着处理水量的增加,系统运行稳定.臭氧-活性炭-超滤工艺可以作为处理石油微污染水的一种有效方法.     

高速给水曝气生物滤池投加高锰酸钾与粉末活性炭的研究

针对采用高速给水曝气生物滤池(BAF)—常规处理工艺处理南方地区季节性微污染原水时,可能遇到污染高峰期或应急状况而联用高锰酸钾(KMnO4)与粉末活性炭(PAC),通过中试研究选择合适的投加组合方式,并优化投加量。结果表明:选择在BAF之前投加高锰酸钾、BAF之后常规处理工艺之前投加PAC的联用方式能高效地去除CODMn、藻类、色度、臭和味,降低滤后水浊度。当高锰酸钾投加量为0.8mg/L、粉末活性炭投加量为8mg/L时,工艺对CODMn、藻类、色度、臭和味及浊度的去除率达到最大,BAF对CODMn、藻类、色度、臭和味及浊度的去除率分别为42.0%、42.7%、17.0%、17.6%及22.9%,砂滤出水的总去除率达75.9%、95.8%、58.2%、94.3%及99.24%。     

压力强化混凝沉淀过滤除藻工艺中藻毒素去除研究

为了探究压力强化混凝沉淀过滤除藻工艺中藻毒素的去除效果,试验对比研究了预加压和预氧化后的含藻水,经混凝沉淀、粉末活性炭吸附后的藻毒素去除效果,考察了不同粉末活性炭投加点及投加量对藻毒素去除效果的影响。结果表明,含藻水加压后混凝沉淀,藻类和浊度物质去除效果最优,蓝藻去除率达到96.2%,浊度降至0.49NTU。含藻水在加压和高锰酸钾预氧化后,水中藻毒素浓度未增加,而次氯酸钠预氧化后水中藻毒素浓度最大增幅为215.78%;对于加压水样,在混凝剂投加前30min或投加后7min投加粉末活性炭效果较好,粉末活性炭投加量为5~20 mg/L时,沉淀水藻毒素平均去除率分别达54.13%和53.57%,而与混凝剂同时投加则效果不佳。对次氯酸钠预氧化的水样,粉末活性炭与混凝剂同时投加时效果最好,沉淀水藻毒素平均去除率15.84%。     

Treatment of taste and odor material by oxidation and adsorption.

Massive blooms of blue-green algae in reservoirs produce the musty-earthy taste and odor, which are caused by compounds such as 2-MIB and geosmin. 2-MIB and geosmin are rarely removed by conventional water treatment. Their presence in the drinking water, even at low levels (ng/L), can be detected and it creates consumer complaints. So those concentrations have to be controlled as low as possible in the drinking water. The removals by oxidation (O3, Cl2, ClO2) and adsorption (PAC, filter/adsorber) were studied at laboratory and pilot plant (50 m3/d) to select suitable 2-MIB and geosmin treatment processes. The following conclusions were derived from the study. Both of the threshold odor levels for 2-MIB and geosmin appeared to be 30 ng/L as a consequence of a lab test. For any given PAC dosage in a jar-test, removal efficiencies of 2-MIB and geosmin were increased in proportion to PAC dosage and were independent of their initial concentration in raw water for the tested PAC dosages. In comparison of geosmin with 2-MIB, the adsorption efficiency of geosmin by PAC was superior to that of 2-MIB. The required PAC dosages to control below the threshold odor level were 30 mg/L for geosmin and 50 mg/L for 2-MIB at 100 ng/L of initial concentration. Removal efficiencies of odor materials by Cl2, ClO2, and O3 were very weak under the limited dosage (1.5 mg/L), however increased ozone dosage (3.8 mg O3/L) showed high removal efficiency (84.8% for 2-MIB) at contact time 6.4 minutes. According to the initial concentrations of 2-MIB and geosmin, their removal efficiencies by filter/adsorber differed from 25.7% to 88.4%. For all those, however, remaining concentrations of target materials in finished waters were maintained below 30 ng/L. The longer run-time given for the filter/adsorber, the higher the effluent concentration generated. So it is necessary that the run-time of the filter/adsorber be decreased, when 2-MIB or geosmin occurs in raw water.     

Enhancing flexible fiber filter (3FM) performance using in-line coagulation.

A new packing for deep bed filtration using Flexible Fibers has been proposed and developed on a very large scale for tertiary treatment of wastewater. The purpose of this study is to check the possibility of using this technology for the production of drinking water from surface water. In this study, the feasibility of the fiber filter application on water treatment was examined and the removal efficiency of fiber filter was improved using an in-line coagulant injection method. The experiments were carried out at pilot scale. The filter was packed with bundles of polyamide fibers with a bed porosity of 93%. Nak-dong River was used as the filter influent water and alum, PSOM, and PAC were used as the coagulants. The coagulants were injected by the in-line injection method. Small dosages (1-5 mg/L) of the polymeric coagulants (PSOM and PAC) showed an increase of removal efficiency compared to the operation without coagulants. Specifically, 1 mg/L of PAC showed the longest filtration time. Considering filtration time, filtrate quality, and filtered volume, the filtration velocity of 120 m/hr was chosen as an optimum value. For long-term operations, the effluent quality was 0.4 NTU and the removal efficiency was stable for the given optimum conditions.     

高锰酸盐-聚丙烯酰胺联用强化混凝处理太湖支流原水研究

太湖B支流地表水受水土流失、水体富营养化和环境污染等因素影响,水体污染严重,水中有机物浓度和藻密度相对较高。常规的"混凝—沉淀—砂滤—加氯消毒"处理工艺难以有效地去除水中有机物、铁锰、藻类等物质。采用高锰酸盐(PPC)-聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)联用强化混凝工艺对原水进行处理。高锰酸盐投量在0.45 mg/L和聚丙烯酰胺投量在0.07 mg/L条件下联用强化混凝的静态试验结果表明:PPC-PAM联用强化混凝对浊度、色度、铁、锰和耗氧量的平均去除率为90%、73%、92%、99%和38%。PPC在0.3～0.5 mg/L投量和PAM在0.05～0.10 mg/L投量下联用强化混凝生产试验的出厂水浊度、色度、铁、锰等指标,均比历史同期水平要好。     

载粉末活性炭过滤处理微污染原水的试验研究

载粉末活性炭(PAC)过滤集PAC吸附与过滤于一体,能够应用于微污染原水处理。配水试验结果表明:粒径为1.25-2.5mm,厚度为1000mm的聚苯乙烯滤料层能够用于载PAC过滤。影响过滤效果的主要因素为PAC载量和混凝剂投加量,当混凝剂T3010和聚氯化铝的投加量分别为0.09mg/L和2.5mg/L,PAC载量为2-3g/L滤料时,载PAC过滤处理浊度为20-40NTU的微污染原水的效果达到最佳,对CODMn和浊度都具有很好的去除效果。Z河水作为原水的试验结果表明:载PAC过滤对河水浊度、UV254、CODMn的去除率分别为97%-97.9%、50.9%-63.4%、68.5%-71.4%。     

Study on transport of powdered activated carbon using a rotating circular flume

This study employed a rotating flume to examine the Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) transport with water flow. The initial PAC concentration was 10 mg/L-30 mg/L, and PAC concentration versus time under...     

Use of submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) containing powdered activated carbon (PAC) for the treatment of textile effluents

This work investigated the use of submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (SAMBRs) in the presence and absence of powdered activated carbon (PAC) for the treatment of genuine textile wastewater. The reactors were operated at 35 °C with an HRT of 24 h and the textile effluent was diluted (1:10) with nutrient solution containing yeast extract as the source of the redox mediation riboflavin. The results showed that although both SAMBRs exhibited an excellent performance, the presence of PAC inside SAMBR-1 enhanced reactor stability and removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), volatile fatty acids (VFA), turbidity and color. The median removal efficiencies of COD and color in SAMBR-1 were, 90 and 94% respectively; whereas for SAMBR-2 (without PAC) these values were 79 and 86%, In addition, the median values of turbidity and VFA were 8 NTU and 8 mg/L for SAMBR-1 and 14 NTU and 26 mg/L for SAMBR-2, indicating that the presence of PAC inside SAMBR-1 led to the production of an anaerobic effluent of high quality regarding such parameters.     

The removal of residual organic matter from biologically treated swine wastewater using membrane bioreactor process with powdered activated carbon.

The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanisms of the COD removal in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process with powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition and to determine its optimal operation, for the removal of residual organic matters (ROM) from biologically treated swine wastewater. The MBR process with PAC showed higher removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD(Mn)) than that without PAC. When the average COD(Mn) concentration of the influent was 217 mg/L, the average COD(Mn) concentration of the permeate from the MBR with PAC was about 41.5 mg/L, indicating an approximate removal efficiency of 81%. On the other hand, the average COD(Mn) concentration of the permeate from the MBR without PAC was 172 mg/L. The PAC dosage estimated to obtain the above removal efficiency was about 0.74 g per litre of influent. Among the total residual organics removed by PAC-added MBR, 46.5% was removed by PAC adsorption, 20.8% by biodegradation, 4.4% by membrane separation, and 9.3% by enhanced microorganism activity. From these results, the MBR process with PAC was considered as a very useful treatment process for the reduction of COD(Mn) in biologically treated swine wastewater.     

高盐景观水体除磷、除藻药剂优选及复配

淡水盐碱化是全球范围内面临的一个新兴环境问题,其中城镇内人工景观水体表现尤为突出。高盐景观水体盐度大,导致植物不易生长,藻类逐渐成为优势种群,影响观感。通过絮凝法同时除磷、除藻,使景观水体恢复藻类爆发前的状态。研究11种絮凝药剂对TP、Chla(叶绿素a)的去除效率,其中PAC除磷效果很好,CPAM可以有效除藻。经过浓度梯度优选实验,优选出PAC和CPAM的最优投加浓度,并进行复配试验。复配结果为当PAC投加浓度10mg/L、CPAM投加浓度3mg/L时组合除磷、除藻效果最佳,TP平均去除率为92.52%,Chla平均去除率为98.32%。     

采用活性炭强化常规处理原水突发油类污染的研究

中试研究表明,常规处理(混凝—沉淀—过滤)可以将含油约为10mg/L的原水处理达标,并且除油率不受混凝剂投加量的影响。油污染浓度为7.2～18mg/L的原水经混凝沉淀去除的效率基本相同。20mg/L的油污染仅通过常规处理无法达标,需采用投加粉末活性炭(PAC)的强化混凝或颗粒活性炭(GAC)的强化过滤,即投加40mg/L的PAC,或在过滤阶段铺40cmGAC层的炭砂滤柱。KMnO4和Cl2的预氧化对除油效果无影响。     

混凝-气浮-过滤工艺中粉末活性炭投加效果与投加点研究

对投加粉末活性炭(PAC)预处理黄河原水进行了现场中试研究,确定了PAC适宜的投加位置和投量。结果表明,PAC最佳投加点为混合池,投加PAC使气浮出水浊度提高0.4NTU左右,滤后出水浊度略有升高(<0.1NTU);在絮凝池投加会造成气浮、过滤出水浊度的明显增加;在预氧化前投加PAC较之在混合池投加其有机物去除率略有下降;在混合池投加,当PAC的投加量为10mg/L时,滤后水的CODMn去除率提高15%-20%,可取得满意的结果;滤后水的色、臭和味等指标可完全达到国家饮用水标准的要求。