低温LNG运输车罐体结构强度的有限元分析

以低温LNG运输车罐体为研究对象,借助ANSYS为平台,采用有限元的计算方法计算罐体的应力分布特征与结构强度.在分析罐体静态结构应力的基础上考虑运输过程中的一些动态因素.实践表明支承件处是整个罐体散热的集中区域,计算结果表明:考虑动态冲击时峰值应力比不考虑时高了30 MPa-50 MPa;车体突然下降给罐体的冲击要大于突然刹车给罐体的冲击;动态条件下,当LNG压力为0.5 MPa时,4个支承件完全符合罐体的强度要求.     

卷钢专用平台箱的三维建模及有限元分析

目的 针对国内外采用集装箱方式装载卷钢的现状及存在的问题,初步设计一种20 ft(1 ft=0.3048 m)卷钢专用平台箱(内部尺寸为5.9 m×2.35 m×2.393 m,门宽为2.342 m,门高为2.28 m),并分析其力学性能.方法 利用SolidWorks软件建立平台箱的三维模型,通过对其在调车冲击工况下的载荷和约束进行分析,利用Ansys Workbench软件建立有限元模型,并进行平台箱强度有限元计算.结果 得到该平台箱在最不利工况下的等效应力和位移情况.其中,卷钢支架支撑面和角件内侧壁部位出现了应力集中现象,最大工作应力值为234.01 MPa,不超出结构钢材料的许用应力(246 MPa);最薄弱环节的最大变形量为1.0572 mm,在允许范围内.结论 仿真结果表明该平台箱满足结构强度要求.     

BS600高强钢油罐车罐体轻量化研究

目的 为了有效降低油罐车的能源消耗和污染物排放,完成油罐车罐体减重30%的轻量化目标。基于有限元仿真与试验,验证使用高强钢替代罐体原材料实现油罐车轻量化方案的可行性。方法 利用ANSYS有限元软件,在3种不同工况下,对使用新材料的罐体进行强度、刚度分析;基于仿真结果,对3.5 mm厚的BS600高强钢板材进行焊接试验、金相组织观察以及拉伸试验,以评估BS600钢的焊接性能;对焊接后的BS600钢材进行小件和大件的弯曲试验,以验证BS600钢的弯曲性能。结果 在3种工况下,罐体的最大应力为288 MPa,小于材料的许用应力,罐体强度满足要求;罐体的最大变形量为5.92 mm,刚度满足要求;焊接后拉伸试样的抗拉强度为720~730 MPa,高于母材强度;焊接接头断口的断裂特性为韧性断裂与脆性断裂的混合断裂;弯曲后的小件BS600板材未出现裂纹,弯曲后的大件罐体焊缝缺陷数量较少,焊缝质量良好。结论 所设计的高强钢材料的厚度符合罐体各工况要求,高强钢的成形工艺可行性良好。罐体减重能达到30%,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

筋板结构对搅拌器封头加强效果的数值模拟

为了有效降低搅拌器封头的交变应力强度幅,对一台搅拌器在不同加强形式下的加强效果进行了数值模拟,研究了加厚管壁、增加筋板数目、增加筋板高度三种加强方式对封头应力分布的影响和对最大应力的减弱作用,提出了最有效的加强筋结构形式。计算结果表明,在三种加强方式中,增加壁厚对降低应力作用不明显,而增加筋板高度能大幅度降低应力,效果最为明显。该结果可以为搅拌器封头加强筋的设计提供参考依据。     

蒸发器风机悬架的有限元分析及结构优化

针对冷藏车空调机组蒸发器风机悬架在实际应用中发生失效的问题,对现有的蒸发器风机悬架进行模态分析,发现该结构的一阶固有频率小于30 Hz,易发生共振。在结构分析中也发现高于材料许用应力的应力集中,且与实际失效位置相同。随后对结构进行拓扑优化分析,提出改进方案。优化结构在质量基本不变的情况下,一阶固有频率由原结构的26 Hz上升到62 Hz,最大位移由1.50 mm下降至0.12 mm,最大应力由之前的143 MPa下降到56 MPa,满足设计要求。     

基于车体协同的铁路运输轮式货物轮挡设计

目的 为保证运输安全,轮式货物在铁路运输过程中需要用轮挡限位。针对我国铁路运输轮式货物的现状及存在的问题,提出车体与加固装置协同设计的理念,设计一种轮挡可调式,适用于多种规格的轮式货物,存用一体、可靠性高、使用快捷。方法 利用SolidWorks建立轮挡三维模型,通过铁路运输加固强度计算,确定在最不利状况下对轮挡的强度要求,进行载荷和约束分析,利用有限元分析软件SolidWorks simulation进行仿真计算及强度分析。结果 得到该轮挡在最不利工况下的应力及位移情况。最大应力出现在轮挡底面与活动销连接部位,最大应力值为499.9 MPa,不超出设计所用材料的许用应力（585 MPa）;最大位移为0.99 mm,在允许范围内。结论 该轮挡的强度满足安全运输的要求,用于多种轮式货物铁路运输装载加固,可有效提高加固效率。     

5000m^3立式拱顶储罐应力分析与弱顶性能评价

根据国内外相关设计标准与规范,石油天然气等易燃易爆气体的储罐必须设计成弱顶结构,以最大限度地降低因内部超压而发生事故的危害程度。为了得到合适的弱顶结构设计方法,以常见的5 000 m^3立式拱顶储罐为对象展开分析。首先,根据GB 50341-2014《立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐设计规范》,对储罐结构参数进行设计并对其弱顶性能进行初步评价;然后,利用有限元分析方法对储罐结构进行分析,获得储罐在空罐、半罐、满罐工况下的提离高度、提离半径、最大等效应力和薄膜应力等关键参数,并在此基础上对储罐强度、稳定性、破坏形式和弱顶性能进行综合评价;最后,分析了顶壁连接焊角高度、罐顶曲率半径、边缘板厚度和罐体高径比等关键参数对储罐弱顶性能的影响。结果表明:基于GB 50341-2014设计的5 000 m^3立式拱顶储罐并不具备弱顶性能,顶壁连接焊角高度减小到3.75 mm,或罐顶曲率半径增大到3.0D(D为储罐直径),或边缘板厚度增大到15 mm,或罐体高径比增大到2.0都能使该储罐满足弱顶结构的设计要求。研究结果可为储罐弱顶结构的改进提供参考。     

锂电池运输包装设计与跌落仿真分析

目的 文中以深圳市某科技公司新型动力锂离子电池为研究对象,为其设计缓冲运输包装。方法 结合相关测试标准运用仿真软件ANSYS Workbench对锂电池及其包装件进行跌落仿真分析,并结合跌落试验结果以验证仿真模型的可靠性。结果 裸机跌落时,外壳等效应力最大值为720.41 MPa,超过硬质铝合金的许用应力325 MPa,外壳将会发生破裂;电芯的等效应力最大值为363.4 MPa,超过铝的许用应力280 MPa,可导致电芯损毁;锂离子电池运输包装件跌落仿真结果显示,外壳、电芯、散热板、PCB板等各部件的最大等效应力值较裸机跌落时分别降低了73.66%、39.82%、38.65%、81.70%,且其等效应力的最大值均未超过对应材料的屈服强度。结论 综合变形云图及实验结果,采用EPP泡沫和BC瓦楞纸箱的锂离子电池运输包装结构具有较好的防护效果,能够满足抗冲击强度要求。     

对《立式金属罐容量检定规程》的建议

根据检定的实际罐体结构及计量要求,对立式罐检定规程的检定技术要求、检定安全要求、计量口要求、外围测尺方法、各圈板直径及高度测量、底量测量、编表高修正、浮顶测量、静压力计算、编表计算的数据预处理方法及容量表的电子文档结构化信息等提出了改进和补充的建议。     

立式罐容量半径测量不确定度分析

<正>一、半径测量的重要意义立式罐是由若干层圆形圈板焊接而成,垂直于地基的圆筒形储罐。它的横截面可能有一定的椭圆度,但规程规定不允许超过1%,此时按圆筒进行容量计算,其椭圆度影响仅为2.5×10~(-5),对罐容量检测扩展不确定度(k=2)要求而言,可忽略不计。故立式罐容量计算数学模型国内外均按圆筒形进行计算。若不考虑罐体变形,则每圈板的容量为v_i=πR~2_ih_i(1)式中:Ri——第i圈板的内半径;h_i——第i圈板的     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.