自积分型读出电路构成红外焦平面阵列的性能分析

针对自积分型读出电路和６４元线列ＩｎＳｂ红外探测器构成的焦平面阵列的性能，进行了分析、推导和计算，得出了焦平面阵列各项性能指标的表达式及其同探测器、读出电路参数之间的关系，并验证了部分结论。分析结果与其他几种形式读出电路构成的焦平面阵列有通用性。     

积分时间和工作电压对焦平面探测器性能的影响

测试了采用某CTIA型读出电路的128元InSb焦平面探测器在不同积分时间和工作电压情况下的特性,分析了实验中遇到的一些现象,得到了使焦平面探测器综合性能较高的积分时间和工作电压的取值区间,为设计CTIA型读出电路提供了参考依据。     

提高红外焦平面阵列性能的几种方法

以往提高红外焦平面阵列（ＩＲＦＰＡ）性能的工作主要集中在探测器阵列及读出电路上，然而焦平面阵列组件结构或工作条件的差异同样会对其性能造成很大的影响。针对红外焦平面阵列杜瓦及其外围相关部分的处理和工作状态的选择，提出了提高焦平面阵列性能的几种方案。经过对大部分方法的测试结果表明这些方法是行之有效的。     

红外焦平面可调偏置电压与温度特性的分析

在红外枪瞄系统中,探测器决定着整个系统的性能,为了增强焦平面适应低温操作环境的能力,人们把红外焦平面的低温特性作为了关注的焦点。本文根据对a-Si微测辐射热计焦平面内部的微观电路结构和噪声等效温差(noise equivalent temperature difference,NETD)的分析,经过详细地推导NETD公式,认为可调节两个偏置电压,使焦平面可以在较低的温度下稳定工作。     

320×256阵列红外焦平面读出电路的设计

提出一种320×256阵列红外焦平面读出电路,采用直接注入模式,具有多路输出、读出顺序可选等功能。具体设计了各个模块电路,并采用chartered 0.35μm工艺进行流片设计。实测结果表明所设计芯片输出摆幅为3.24 V,输出电压线性度为97.15%,功耗为32 m W,具有丰富的读出功能。     

面阵焦平面阵列积分方式的研究

研究了面阵焦平面阵列的两种积分工作方式:先积分后读出方式和边积分边读出方式。对两种积分方式及其优缺点进行了分析与比较,给出了焦平面阵列在两种积分方式下的性能测试,为面阵焦平面阵列两种积分方式的应用提供了重要的参考依据。     

CTIA型红外焦平面阵列非均匀性研究

根据CTIA型红外焦平面阵列的工作原理,分析了非均匀性的来源:探测器芯片、CTIA运算放大器的输入失调电压以及读出电路的积分电容.对这几种因素造成的非均匀性进行了分析、计算和实际测试.最后,提出了使焦平面阵列非均匀性最佳的探测器工作偏置区间.     

焦平面探测器的非均匀性

随着红外焦平面探测器的快速发展及其在军事和民用方面的广泛应用,焦平面器件的不均匀性参数成为制约器件性能和应用的关键参数,降低不均匀性已成为红外焦平面器件的关键技术之一。本文分析了影响焦平面不均匀性的几个方面,并针对目前使用的行积分式DI型读出造成的不均匀性进行了分析,提出了一种改进方法,为提高焦平面器件的性能提供参考。     

CTIA型单元读出电路非线性分析及优化设计

读出电路的非线性严重影响红外成像系统的成像质量和可靠性,限制红外成像系统的使用范围。本文详细分析了探测器偏置电压和积分电容对单元读出电路线性度的影响,并基于CSMC DPTM（双多晶三铝）0.5μm工艺设计了一款具有高线性度的CTIA型单元读出电路。实验结果表明,所设计的CTIA型单元读出电路的非线性度小于1%。     

640×512-25μm多功能红外读出电路设计

以上华0.35μm 5 V工艺设计了一款640×512-25μm多功能红外读出电路。该红外读出电路工作在80 K温度条件下适合多种红外探测器,如InSb, HgCdTe和InGaAs。此设计在分析各模块实现的基础上,重点设计了像素单元以及阵列的读出方式。同时,利用相关双采样技术,降低了信道里产生的噪声。最后,对该设计的电路进行单路、双路和四路仿真。其中工作频率为5 MHz,系统默认工作帧频为60 Hz,最大功耗为180 mW,输出摆幅大于3 V,线性度也在99%以上。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.     

A Study on the Estimation of Aeroheating upon the Warhead Nose at Supersonic Speed

An expression for estimating the aeroheating on a warhead nose at different supersonic speeds is proposed by incorporating CFD （computational fluid dynamics） and the least-square method. Compared with the traditional estimation formula, the expression is more accurate, convenient and can be used in the optimized design of warheads. The error from the result obtained in the test of a ball cartridge flight is less than 3 %. It satisfies the engineering requirements.