铝电解用炭阳极的综合性能

在阐述了炭阳极在铝电解生产中所起的重要作用的基础上，对我国铝电解用炭阳极的物理化学性能和电化学性能进行了综合评述，并指出了我国铝电解用炭阳极存在的不足，最后阐述了目前阳极质量改进的一些途径，并从阳极添加剂技术的角度对我国铝电解用炭阳极质量的改进提出了系列建议。     

采用循环伏安法研究微孔型多孔炭电极的电容特性

以酚醛树脂为原料,KOH为活化剂,制备出3种不同孔径分布的微孔型多孔炭(孔径≤2 nm)。在低温氮气吸附法测定BET比表面积和孔结构的基础上,采用循环伏安法考察了这3种微孔型多孔炭作电极的双电层电容器(EDLC)的电容特性。实验结果表明,微孔型多孔炭作电极的EDLC的电容特性是:在低扫描速率下,其循环伏安曲线达到电容平台后在高电压(±1.0 V)附近出现峰电容;延长在电解液中的浸渍时间,电极的比电容增大,高电位附近的峰电容减小。3种不同孔径分布的微孔型多孔炭作电极的EDLC的循环伏安特性受浸渍时间影响的程度也不同。     

电极因素对钨极氩弧焊焊接工艺性的影响

电极因素是决定TIG焊电弧物理特性的重要因素，进而直接影响到焊接的工艺性，影响到焊缝成形质量和焊接生产效率。介绍了TIG焊不同的电极因素在相同规范所表现出不同的工艺性。     

电极材料对铝电解阴极过程研究的影响

电解铝工业中铝的析出发生在阴极上,研究铝析出反应的机理对实际工况有很好的指导意义。研究发现,炭电极上的Al、Na共沉积现象严重,致使循环伏安曲线上Al的析出峰被掩盖。因此人们试图用一些金属电极Ni、Pt、Au、Ta、Cu、W等来代替炭电极,但研究发现大部分金属电极都与Al反应生成合金,干扰了对真实电极过程的研究。只有W与Al的合金化作用较小,因此对冰晶石一氧化铝熔体的阴极电化学研究采用了W电极。而目前TiH2基可湿润阴极是极具发展前景的铝电解槽阴极材料,但这方面的研究还很不够,需做进一步的研究。     

电极因素对钨极氩弧焊焊接工艺性的影响

电极因素是决定TIG焊电弧物理特性的重要因素，进而直接影响到焊接的工艺性，影响到焊缝成型质量和焊接生产效率。本文介绍了TIG焊不同的电极因素在相同规范下所表现出不同的工艺性。     

中国铝用炭阳极行业发展状况令人担忧

炭阳极是铝电解槽的“心脏”，不仅质量要求严格，而且不能波动。一方面，电解生产对阳极的要求越来越高；另一方面，铝行业用石油焦的质量却向相反的方向发展，情况令人担忧。     

石墨电极的研究与实践

介绍了石墨材料的有关性能、石墨组合电极的结构形式和其在生产现场中的应用情况及注意事项，并将石墨组合电极的性能特点与传统的钢质电极进行了对比，从而达到推广应用的目的。研制了与以往启动装置完全不同的石墨启动电极，为盐炉启动技术的发展，提供了新的途径。     

复杂车灯模具的电极设计难点及研究

介绍了轿车车灯及其模具的生产工艺流程，针对车灯模具的生产实际情况，说明了采用电火花加工的必要性及正确选择电极材料的重要性。分析了复杂车灯模具大型电极制作的难点，并重点研究了其解决措施，最后指出了设计模具加工用电极应注意的事项。     

铪丝的制备工艺与应用

简要介绍了铪的基本性质、金属铪的制备。铪丝的生产工艺以及铪丝生产过程中应注意的问题。指出铪丝的主要工业应用是用做等离子切割机电极的等离子发射体，而且随着我国制造业朝着“铸改焊”的方向发展，被切割材料的总量在不断增加，铪丝的需求量也会随之有较大的上升空间，因此从事铪丝生产的工程技术人员，要不断的改进生产工艺，提高铪丝的质量和生产效率。     

钒电池中石墨基复合电极的制备及性能

以V2O5为原料,电解制取VOSO4溶液.用炭黑和石墨粉压制电极,与导电铜网和炭毡构成石墨基复创合电极.炭毡经过热处理和化学处理,其电化学活性有所提高.此外,研究了复合电极在2 mol/LVOSO4和3mol/LH 2SO4溶液中的电化学行为,实验结果表明:这种复合电极对钒离子氧化还原反应的催化活性较好.     

Distribution of electric field for carbon nanotube assembly: Experiments (II)

The distribution effect of electric field on the alignment and attachment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were investigated. The experimental results were compared with the simulation results according to three different shaped electrodes. In previous simulation, the round shaped electrodes were expected to be more effective for aligning and attaching a single CNT between two electrodes than conical or rectangular shaped electrodes. To verify the simulation results, three different shaped electrodes were introduced and a single multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) was attached. The optimal conditions for aligning and attaching MWNTs such as the frequency, applied voltage and concentration of MWNTs solution were investigated. Through repeated experiments, frequency of 100 kHz-10 MHz, applied voltage of 0.3-1.3 Vrms/μm, concentration of 5 μg/mL in MWNTs solution were obtained as a possible condition range to attach MWNTs. Under these conditions, the yield of MWNTs attachment between two electrodes was up to 70%. In previous simulation, furthermore, it was verified that the size of the stable or quasi-stable region made CNTs aligned and attached on different shaped electrodes from the comparison of the experimental and simulation results. Most single MWNT attachment was accomplished on the round shaped electrodes.     

Distribution of electric field for carbon nanotube assembly: Experiments (II)

The distribution effect of electric field on the alignment and attachment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were investigated. The experimental results were compared with the simulation results according to three different shaped electrodes. In previous simulation, the round shaped electrodes were expected to be more effective for aligning and attaching a single CNT between two electrodes than conical or rectangular shaped electrodes. To verify the simulation results, three different shaped electrodes were introduced and a single multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) was attached. The optimal conditions for aligning and attaching MWNTs such as the frequency, applied voltage and concentration of MWNTs solution were investigated. Through repeated experiments, frequency of 100 kHz-10 MHz, applied voltage of 0.3-1.3 V_rms/μm, concentration of 5 μg/mL in MWNTs solution were obtained as a possible condition range to attach MWNTs. Under these conditions, the yield of MWNTs attachment between two electrodes was up to 70%. In previous simulation, furthermore, it was verified that the size of the stable or quasi-stable region made CNTs aligned and attached on different shaped electrodes from the comparison of the experimental and simulation results. Most single MWNT attachment was accomplished on the round shaped electrodes.     

颗粒度对E4303电焊条性能影响

以E4303电焊条药皮配方中中碳锰铁合金为研究对象,取三种不同颗粒度的中碳锰铁制备E4303电焊条。对制备的电焊条分别进行了主要焊接工艺性能测试、熔敷金属的微观组织观察、熔敷金属化学成分分析和熔敷金属冲击性能试验。结果表明,加入纳米级中碳锰铁的电焊条电弧稳定性优良;纳米颗粒增加了晶粒形核的核心,起到了细化晶粒的作用;纳米颗粒烧损严重,减弱了中碳锰铁合金的脱氧、脱硫和渗合金效果,使熔敷金属内产生弥散氧化夹渣,导致冲击韧性降低。     

ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON CARBON NANOTUBE FILM WITH DIFFERENT PRETREATMENTS

Wide potential windows were found at carbon nanotube film electrodes in neutral solutions after being treated with nitric acid and mixed acid. Electrochemical reversibility was investigated at carbon nanotube films with different pretreatments for ferri/ferrocyanide and quinone /hydroquinone. Carbon nanotube film electrodes presented quasi-reversible electrochemical behavior for both electrolytes. In the range of scan rate, carbon nanotube film electrodes treated with acids showed heterogeneous electron-transfer properties, which was mainly controlled by its electron state density on the surface of the film. On the whole, the carbon nanotube electrode with nitric acid treatment presented the best electrochemical behaviors, so we chose it as an analytical electrode to determine the trace compound in dilute solution. The results demonstrated that this new electrode material exhibits superior performance characteristics for the detection of azide anion.     

Alkaline glucose oxidation on nanostructured gold electrodes

The electrocatalytic properties of nanostructured gold electrodes for glucose electro-oxidation in KOH were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and compared with a commercially available polycrystalline gold electrode. These electrodes were prepared by depositing gold nanoparticles from a sol onto different carbonaceous conductive supports: glassy carbon, carbon cloth and graphite paper. The gold sol was prepared reducing an aqueous solution of tetrachloroauric acid with sodium borohydride. In order to improve gold nanoparticle adhesion, the substrate surfaces were treated with warm concentrated nitric acid. Gold on treated carbon cloth turned out to be a very promising anode for glucose electro-oxidation. In order to better understand the glucose oxidation its pH dependence as well as sorbitol (the glucose reduction product) electroxidation were investigated.     

离子束溅射制备Pt/C催化电极材料的结构和电化学性能

采用离子束溅射技术制Ｐｔ／Ｃ催化电极,降低了电极耗铂量至０．１９ｍｇ／ｃｍ＾２,电极具有良好的电化学性能。研究了在不同碳质载体材料上用不同沉积条件制备的Ｐｔ／Ｃ电极的电化学性能。     

Novel platform for direct electron transfer to/from hemoproteins based on a single layer graphite electrode

A novel cheap and easy way of producing carbon electrodes from single layer graphite is proposed. Low production cost allows to generate multiple disposable carbon layer electrodes. The electrodes were tested in a model bioelectrocatalytic process, such as electrochemical regeneration of hemoproteins, and positive results were obtained.     

Electrodeposition of metals after cation-exchange on modified carbon fibre electrodes

Several metals, Ag, Cu, Pb, Hg and Au, have been electrodeposited on carbon fibre electrodes after cation exchange of their salts with the acidic functional groups of oxidized fibres.Oxidation of carbon fibres was performed by thermal, photochemical and electrochemical treatment. The uptake of the metal cations is greater in the case of anodically oxidized and partially re-reduced carbon fibres, since this procedure leads to the formation of functional groups not only on the carbon surface, as in the case of thermal or photochemical oxidation, but also in the bulk of the fibres.The above-mentioned metals are deposited on the carbon support in a highly dispersed state, which decreases the hydrogen overvoltage and catalyses the reduction of nitroalkanes. These reactions take place on the metal-modified carbon electrodes at much more positive potentials than on carbon and at slightly more positive potentials than on the respective plain metallic electrodes.     

碳对高强度奥氏体焊条熔敷金属冲击韧性的影响

对系列碳含量的高强度奥氏体焊条熔敷金属冲击韧性进行了试验,采用扫描电子显微镜对冲击断口和金相磨面的微观形貌进行了分析,结合X射线能谱仪和透射电子显微镜对其中第二相的成分和结构进行了确定,并采用热力学软件Thermo-Calc对凝固相的组成及其中第二相的含量进行了计算.结果表明,冲击韧性随碳含量的增加而线性降低,主要原因在于随着碳含量的增加,在凝固末期形成于奥氏体枝晶间的碳化物由颗粒状变为层片状,尺寸和含量均相应增大,减弱了基体的连续性,同时由于自身的脆性破碎导致裂纹低能扩展,使冲击韧性降低.     

碳改性 TiNb2 O7 及其对嵌脱锂性能的影响

目的研究界面导电性对材料电化学性能的影响,提升Ti Nb2O7的循环稳定性。方法研究纯相Ti Nb2O7材料的电化学特性,对比不同荷电态(SOC)的极片,研究材料导电性对电化学性能的影响机制。在材料的制备过程中加入不同的碳源构建导电网络,提升其导电性。结果得到了导电性对材料的影响机理,加入不同碳源显著提升了材料的循环稳定性。结论 LixTi Nb2O7的导电性随嵌锂深度的增加而增大,导致材料的脱锂行为不能彻底进行。通过加入碳纳米管或者蔗糖热解碳,可以有效提升材料的循环性能。