2,3-戊二酮的合成

乙醛和丙醛经3-乙基-4-甲基-5-(2-羟乙基)-1,3-噻唑溴盐催化交叉偶联反应生成以C5偶姻为主的偶姻混合物,偶姻混合物再经H2O2间接氧化、分离制备了2,3-戊二酮。优化的偶联反应条件是:m(乙醛)∶m(丙醛)∶m(催化剂)∶m(Na2CO3)=110∶90∶2∶1;反应温度125℃;压力为1MPa。乙醛和丙醛转化率分别达到94%和95%,C5偶姻产率为48.8%,偶姻总产率为90%。混合偶姻在浓H2SO4存在下,用质量分数30%H2O2/FeSO4.7H2O氧化,m(FeSO4.7H2O)∶m(浓H2SO4)∶m(H2O)∶m(偶姻)∶m(H2O2)=11∶2∶4∶2∶3,2,3-戊二酮相对于偶姻的总产率为44%,邻二酮总产率为84%。经常压分馏,可以分别得到质量分数≥98%的2,3-戊二酮、丁二酮和3,4-己二酮产品。铁离子氧化剂重复使用,邻二酮化合物收率没有明显下降。     

1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰丝氨酸的全合成

(S)-2-[(苄氧羰基)氨基]-3-羟基丙酸苄酯（Ⅰ）经亚磷酸二苯酯处理得到了(S)-2-[(苄氧羰基)氨基]-2-(苄氧羰基)乙基膦酸酯（Ⅱ）；化合物Ⅱ经新戊酰氯介导活化后，与(S)-(+)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-甲醇（Ⅲ）缩合，并由碘氧化得到新化合物(R)-2,3-异亚丙基-sn-甘油基{(S)-2-[(苄氧羰基)氨基]-2-(苄氧羰基)-1-氧乙基}膦酸酯（Ⅳ）；然后，化合物Ⅳ在三氟乙酸的作用下脱除异丙叉基得到(R)-2,3-二羟基丙基-sn-甘油基{(S)-2-[(苄氧羰基)氨基]-2-(苄氧羰基)-1-氧乙基}膦酸酯（Ⅴ）；在1-乙基-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐（EDCI）的作用下，中间体Ⅴ与硬脂酸进一步乙酰化，以85.8%的产率得到了(R)-2,3-双(硬脂酰基)丙酰基{(S)-2-[(苄氧羰基)氨基]-2-(苄氧羰基)-1-氧乙基}膦酸酯（Ⅵ）；中间体Ⅵ经氢解得到了1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷脂酰丝氨酸（Ⅶ）。对主要合成步骤的反应条件进行了优化，并进行了验证和放大实验。产物Ⅶ共经历5步反应，总产率为57.1%。采用FTIR、HRMS和...     

丙酮氨氧化制备丙酮肟过程中副反应研究

通过GC-MS、LC-MS等方法表征TS-1催化丙酮氨氧化制备丙酮肟过程中的副产物结构,分析副反应类型。结果表明:在此反应体系中,副反应主要产生途径有:(1)碱催化酮缩合,导致副产物骨架的生成;(2)亲核氨解,生成各种有机胺,导致体系碱性增强,起到自催化的作用;(3)消除脱水生成烯烃,然后烯烃被H2O2环氧化;(4)酮类副产物肟化;(5)酮肟氧化偶联反应生成2,3-二硝基-2,3-二甲基丁烷(DMNB);(6)其它氧化过程生成不饱和度高的副产物等。     

7-乙基-喜树碱的合成

以喜树碱为原料合成了7 乙基 喜树碱。考察了多种因素对反应的影响,确定了较理想的反应条件:3g喜树碱,4 5mL丙醛,1 8mLw(H2O2)=30%的双氧水,2 5gFeSO4·7H2O,9mLw(H2SO4)=98%的浓硫酸,在2～3℃反应1 5h,粗产品收率88%,以HPLC分析,w(7 乙基 喜树碱)=93 8%。     

Fenton氧化法处理噁草酮生产废水

以噁草酮生产废水为研究对象,研究了Fenton氧化法对高盐有毒农药废水的降解效果。通过正交和单因素试验,考查了反应时间、初始p H值、Fe SO4·7H2O投加量和H2O2投加量对废水COD去除率的影响。结果表明,在100m L废水样品中,最优处理条件为反应时间3h,初始p H值为5,Fe SO4·7H2O投加4g和30%H2O2投加5m L,COD去除率可达76.8%。     

乙酰丙酮生产工艺的选择

1概述 乙酰丙酮（Acetylacetone），又称二乙酰基甲烷，化学名2，4-戊二酮，简称AA。分子式C5H8O2，结构式CH3COCH2COCH3^[1]。     

一锅法从卟啉配体合成μ-氧代四苯基双核铁卟啉

A novel method for synthesis of substituted u-oxo-bis[tetraphenyl porphyrinatoiron] compotmds （[TRPPFe]20） based on the reaction among free base porphyrins （TRPPH2）, FeSO4·7H2O and H2O in one pot was proposed and investigated. Four kinds of [TRPPFe]2O were synthesized by this novel synthetic method, and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra and UV-vis spectroscopy. The reaction conditions, including the effect of different iron salts on the formation of [TRPPFe]2O, the reaction time between FeSO4-7H2O and TRPPH2, the molar ratio of FeSO4-7H2O/TRPPH2 as well as the volume ratio of H2O/DMF, were investigated. The [TRPPFe]2O yield of 93% 98% could be obtained under the following optimal conditions： the reaction time of FeSOn-7H2O with TRPPH2 was about 10 h, the molar ratio of FeSOn-7H2O/TRPPH2 about 5 ： 1, and the volume ratio of H2O/DMF exceeded 2 ： 1. Further research indicated that only TRPPFeCI were formed once FeSOn-7H2O was replaced by FeCl2-4H2O, the reason of which might be that halogen ions in iron salts interfered the formation of [TRPPFe]2O, suggesting that halogen ions should be avoided in this novel synthetic method.     

响应面法分析Fenton氧化垃圾渗滤液的过程

利用统计学的方法对Fenton氧化垃圾渗滤液的影响因素进行了探讨和分析,考察了FeSO4?7H2O投加量,H2O2/FeSO4.7H2O比值和pH值对氧化垃圾渗滤液的影响。在FeSO4.7H2O投加量为0.01～0.02 mol/L、H2O2/FeSO4.7H2O比值1～5和pH值2～6的条件下,分析CODCr的变化。通过使用Design-Expert 5软件可得到1个二次响应曲面模型,最佳的FeSO4.7H2O投加量为0.013mol/L、H2O2/FeSO4.7H2O比值4.60和pH值4.45,从而CODCr的去除率也达到最大(69.85%)。     

3-羟基-4-苯基-2-丁酮的合成

分别以(E)-1-苯基-1-丁烯-3-酮和4-苯基-2-丁酮为起始原料合成了3-羟基-4-苯基-2-丁酮。以(E)-1-苯基-1-丁烯-3-酮为起始原料,经过环氧化和还原两步反应得到产物;第1步环氧化反应,用双氧水作氧化剂,产率64%;第2步α,β-环氧酮在Pd/C催化作用下用甲酸还原,得到产物3-羟基-4-苯基-2-丁酮,产率67%;该路线总产率为43%。以4-苯基-2-丁酮为起始原料,经过烯醇硅醚中间体氧化得到产物;4-苯基-2-丁酮在六甲基二硅胺作用下与三甲基碘硅烷反应得到4-苯基-2-丁烯-2-基三甲基硅醚,产率为75%;第2步烯醇硅醚用间氯过氧苯甲酸氧化,得到产物3-羟基-4-苯基-2-丁酮,产率达71%;该路线总产率为53%。以(E)-1-苯基-1-丁烯-3-酮为起始原料的合成路线总产率略低,但操作简单,试剂价廉易得,是更为实用可行的合成路线。     

UV-Fenton催化氧化处理印染废水的实验研究

对采用UV-Fenton催化氧化反应处理印染废水的主要影响因素及其处理效果的影响进行了实验研究.主要考察了FeSO4·7H2O的投加量和H2O2的投加量、pH、反应时间、投加方式等对色度和COD去除率的影响.正交实验结果显示,UV-Fenton催化氧化反应对色度和COD都有较好的去除效果.在0.1 mol/L FeSO4·7H2O的投加量为1.5 mL,30%H2O2的投加量为2 mL,pH为3,反应时间为3 h,H2O2分三次投加的情况下,色度去除率达到90.4%,COD去除率达到86.2%.同时与Fenton反应和UV-H2O2反应处理方法进行了比较实验,结果表明,UV-Fenton处理效果最佳.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。