从脱硫脱氰废液中回收硫氰酸铵

本研究提出一项新的工艺技术，它是以ＮＨ＿４ＣＮＳ－（ＮＨ＿４）＿２Ｓ＿２Ｏ＿３－Ｈ＿２Ｏ三元水盐系相图为理论基础，采用结晶法从Ｆ．Ｒ．脱硫脱氰废液中回收硫氰酸铵。本文介绍了其工艺流程和工艺参数，硫氰酸铵产品的纯度可达９５．０％～９９．５％。其总收率达６０％以上。     

粗苯设备腐蚀介质来源及其性质的研究

本文指出粗苯设备腐蚀介质主要来自煤气中的ＮＨ＿３、Ｈ＿２Ｓ、ＨＣＮ；洗油中的水溶性无机盐及喹啉硷，无机盐ＮＨ＿４ＣＮＳ、ＮＨ＿４ＣＮ、ＮＨ＿４Ｃｌ及喹啉硷盐具有较强的腐蚀性。洗油中的沥青质与ＮＨ＿４ＣＮＳ、ＮＨ＿４ＣＮ、ＮＨ＿４Ｃｌ缔合形成稳定性的腐蚀物，它们将加速粗苯设备的腐蚀，ＮＨ＿４ＣＮＳ是煤气中ＮＨ＿３与ＨＣＮ、Ｈ＿２Ｓ或ＮＨ＿３与富油中ＣＳ＿２的反应产物，减少煤气与洗油中腐蚀介质的含量，可降低粗苯设备的腐蚀。     

循环法生产K2SO4的工艺研究

开展了以ＫＣＩ、（ＮＨ＿４）＿２ＳＯ＿４为原料制备Ｋ＿２ＳＯ＿４的研究工作。确定了循环比、洗涤条件与反应时间。Ｋ＿２总转化率达７５％，产品收率约９７％；产品中Ｃｌ含量为０．５％～１．５％。     

运用三元相图理论从脱硫废液中提盐

我厂焦炉煤气自１９９７年采用ＯＭＣ－苦味酸复合催化法脱硫脱氰工艺以来，脱硫脱氰效率分别高达９９％和９８％。在脱硫废液的处理方面，我们与上海化工研究院共同开发成功了运用三元相图理论从脱硫废液中提取硫氰酸铵和硫代硫酸铵的新技术，有效地解决了因脱硫液中的盐类增长而影响脱硫效率的问题。１原理从表１可看出，我厂脱硫废液中的盐类比例为：ＮＨ４ＣＮＳ：（ＮＨ４）２Ｓ２Ｏ３：（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４＝１０：１２：１，由于硫酸铵的含量比其他两种盐低得多，因此，可将脱硫废液视作ＮＨ４ＣＮＳ－（ＮＨ４）２Ｓ２Ｏ３－Ｈ２Ｏ三…     

释放螯合滴定法测定镀铬溶液中的铁含量

用ＮＨ４ＳＣＮ、（Ｃ４Ｈ９）２Ｎ＾＋Ｃｌ＾－为释放剂，选择性螯合滴定法测定镀铬溶液中的铁。ＥＤＴＡ螯合Ｆｅ＾３＋和其他阳离子，然后加入ＮＨ４ＳＣＮ和（Ｃ４Ｈ９）Ｎ＾＋Ｃｌ＾－分解Ｆｅ－ＥＤ－ＴＡ螯合物、释放出的ＥＤＴＡ，用Ｉｎ（ＮＯ３）３标准溶液返滴定。实验表明，各种常见阳离子都不干扰测定铁。该法已成功地用于测定镀铬溶液中的铁含量。     

甲烷磺酸的合成研究

先用硫氰化钾（ＫＳＣＮ）和硫酸二甲酯（ＣＨ３）２ＳＯ４合成硫氰酸甲酯（ＣＨ３ＳＣＮ），再由硝酸溶液将其氧化为甲烷磺酸（ＣＨ３ＳＯ３Ｈ），两步的收率分别可达６５％和８３．２％，并采用了两种不同的分离和纯化产品的方法。     

Cd~（2＋）与Cu~（2＋）、Co~（2＋）、Ni~（2＋）的非有机溶剂萃取分离研究

本文研究了ＰＥＧ－Ｚｉｎｃｏｎ－（ＮＨ＿４）＿２ＳＯ＿４体系对Ｃｕ~（２＋）、Ｃｏ~（２＋）、Ｎｉ~（２＋）、Ｃｄ~（２＋）的非有机溶剂萃取行为，结果表明：在ｐＨ５．５～８．５（Ｋ＿２ＨＰＯ＿４－ＫＨ＿２ＰＯ＿４）的水溶液中，Ｃｕ~（２＋）、Ｃｏ~（２＋）、Ｎｉ~（２＋）可被ＰＥＧ相几乎完全萃取，而Ｃｄ~（２＋）基本上不被萃取，从而获得了Ｃｄ~（２＋）与Ｃｕ~（２＋）、Ｃｏ~（２＋）、Ｎｉ~（２＋）混合离子的定量分离。     

用于钴在某些酸中的三氯化铋缓蚀剂

９４─０４２用于钴在某些酸中的三氯化铋缓蚀剂在１ＮＨＣｌＯ＿４、１ＮＨ＿２ＳＯ＿４、１ＮＨＣｌ溶液中，用溶解的钻离子的极化测定和比色法，研究了三氯化铋对钴的腐蚀抑制效率。钴在这些酸中抑制效率大于８５％，ｘ射线光电子谱显示出防护膜，该膜内层由金属秘组成...     

循序间歇式脱氮工艺去除焦化废水中氨氮的研究

针对现有焦化废水中ＮＨ＿３－Ｎ严重超标问题．研究了循序间歇式工艺（ＳＢＲ法）对焦化废水中氨氮的去除．通过对硝化菌、反硝化菌的驯化、ｐＨ值调节、曝气方式影响因素的考察．表明该工艺对焦化废水中氨氮处理具有显著效果，处理后废水的出水ＮＨ＿３－Ｎ浓度为４．６ ｍｇ／Ｌ．脱氨率为９８％．     

苯基荧光酮直接显色测定水中微量铅

本文研究了用苯基荧光酮（简称ＰＦ）作显色剂，直接显色测定水中微量铅的新方法。显色体系在ｐＨ＝１０．５，ＮＨ＿４Ｃｌ─ＮＨ＿３·Ｈ＿２Ｏ的缓冲溶液中生成Ｐｂ：Ｐｆ＝１：２的紫红色络合物。其最大吸收波长为λ＿（ｍａｘ）＝５７８ｎｍ，ε＿（５７８）＝２．３５×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１），在５０ｍｌ溶液中，Ｐｂ１０～２０μｇ符合比尔定律，其检出限为０．２μｇ·５０ｍｌ￣（－１）。该方法用于合成水样和工业废水中铅的测定，结果令人满意。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。