陀螺仪系统同步控制的参数自适应滑模控制

针对带有内部不确定性及外部扰动的陀螺仪混沌系统的同步问题,提出了一种参数自适应滑模控制方法,并给出参数自适应律.该方法不依赖被控混沌系统的数学模型,可以快速跟踪主混沌系统.时域及复频域理论分析表明,由参数自适应滑模控制器组成的闭环控制系统是全局渐近稳定的,而且参数自适应滑模控制器具有良好的抗扰动鲁棒性.仿真结果表明该控制方法计算量小、响应速度快、控制精度高、抗扰动鲁棒性强,在非线性不确定系统控制领域具有广泛的应用价值.     

航天器自适应快速非奇异终端滑模容错控制

针对存在外部干扰、转动惯量矩阵不确定以及执行器故障的航天器姿态跟踪控制问题,本文提出了基于自适应快速非奇异终端滑模的有限时间收敛故障容错控制方案.通过引入能够避免奇异点,且具有有限时间收敛特性的快速非奇异终端滑模面,设计了满足多约束条件有限时间收敛的姿态跟踪容错控制律,利用参数自适应方法使控制器不依赖转动惯量和外部干扰的上界信息.Lyapunov稳定性分析表明:在存在外部干扰、转动惯量矩阵不确定以及执行器故障等约束条件下,本文设计的控制律能够保证闭环系统的快速收敛性,而且对执行器故障具有良好的容错性能.数值仿真校验了该控制律在姿态跟踪控制中的优良性能.     

非线性系统模糊免疫滑模控制研究

对于一类具有不确定性及未知部分的非线性控制系统,采用传统的模糊滑模控制时,由于切换函数的不连续性,易导致系统的高频振颤问题.为此提出了滑模控制与免疫控制相结合的自适应模糊免疫滑模控制方法.该方法通过免疫系统的免疫反馈原理,对滑模控制中产生的振颤现象进行抑制和补偿,并对非线性系统中的不确定性及未知部分采用T-S模糊系统逼近,较好地实现了此类非线性系统的鲁棒控制.通过倒立摆系统的控制,对所提出的方法进行了跟踪性能和鲁棒性能的验证.仿真结果表明,该方法与常规模糊滑模控制方法相比控制量的振颤得到了改善,具有良好的跟踪性能和较强的鲁棒性.     

电液伺服系统的多滑模鲁棒自适应控制

针对一类参数与外负载非匹配不确定的非线性高阶系统,提出了一种基于逐步递推方法的多滑模鲁棒自适应控制策略.应用逐步递推的多滑模控制方法简化了高阶系统的控制问题,同时在自适应控制中加入鲁棒控制的方法,以消除不确定性对控制性能的影响.首先利用逐步递推方法与状态反馈精确线性化理论,得出确定系统的多滑模控制器设计方法;然后基于Lyapunov稳定性分析方法,给出不确定系统的参数自适应律,及鲁棒自适应控制器的设计方法.本文把该控制策略应用到电液伺服系统的位置跟踪控制中,仿真结果显示,该控制方法具有较强的鲁棒性及良好的跟踪效果.     

基于径向基函数神经网络的多关节机器人滑模控制器

针对具有不确定性的多关节机器人系统,提出了一种径向基函数神经滑模控制方法;该控制方案采用全局滑模面,将神经网络的非线性映射能力与滑模控制的特点相结合,利用径向基神经网络自适应学习系统不确定性的未知上界,消弱了由滑模控制产生的抖动,同时保证了系统的鲁棒性;基于李亚普诺夫定理给出了系统稳定性的充分条件;仿真结果表明,该方法具有良好的轨迹跟踪和速度跟踪性能,提高了对于建模误差和不确定干扰等因素的鲁棒性。     

非匹配不确定系统的自适应反演准滑模控制

对于一类n阶非线性系统,提出一种自适应反演准滑模控制方法,控制的前n-1步采用自适应反演算法消除非匹配不确定性的影响,在最后一步,为改进跟踪效果,结合了可变边界层的思想,设计了准滑模控制方法,达到系统的n个状态快速收敛的目的.最终系统中不满足匹配条件的部分也具有较好的鲁棒性.与自适应反演线性滑模方法相比具有更好的跟踪性,理论分析证明了控制系统在削弱抖振的同时也能保证稳态精度,仿真实验证明了该方法的可行性.     

基于模糊滑模控制器的伺服跟踪控制研究

为了有效地消除精密机床伺服进给系统的参数变化和外部扰动对其跟踪性能的影响,将滑模控制引入其伺服跟踪控制.文章将模糊逻辑与滑模控制相结合提出了一种简捷的模糊滑模控制器设计的方法以减小滑模控制器的颤抖.实验结果表明采用该方法设计的模糊滑模控制器与离散准滑模控制器相比具有较强的鲁棒性和跟踪性能.最后将该控制器用于超精密机床伺服跟踪控制取得了良好的控制效果.     

机械臂自适应精确时间滑模控制

考虑机械臂中存在的未建模部分、摩擦力、外加干扰,提出一种自适应精确时间滑模控制方法,实现机械臂各关节角的轨迹跟踪.首先对机械臂进行建模,将未建模部分、摩擦力、外加扰动看作集中扰动;其次,设计一种精确时间收敛滑模面,克服传统终端滑模面收敛时间高估的问题,基于此设计全局精确时间收敛滑模控制方法,使得机械臂系统能够在设定时间实现稳定,并在误差收敛后仍具有较强的鲁棒性;接着,设计低通滤波器削减抖振,通过自适应方法估计扰动上界,避免增益的高估;最后,通过仿真实验验证所提出的控制方法能够严格控制机械臂系统的稳定时间,并降低稳态误差,实现机械臂系统的高精度轨迹跟踪控制.     

单连杆柔性臂负载自适应模糊滑模控制

针对单连杆柔性臂，提出了负载自适应模糊滑模控制与最优控制相结合的混合控制方法。首先，采用奇异摄动将系统分为慢变和快变两个子系统。然后，对慢变子系统采用负载自适应模糊滑模控制，快变子系统采用最优控制。最后，仿真结果表明，该方法不仅能实现柔性臂轨迹的快速、准确跟踪，有效地抑制弹性振动，并且对负载的变化具有强的鲁棒性。     

基于干扰观测器的非线性不确定系统自适应滑模控制

本文研究了一类基于非线性干扰观测器的多输入多输出非线性不确定系统的边界层自适应滑模控制方法并应用于近空间飞行器高精度姿态控制.考虑系统存在不确定性和外部干扰上界未知的情况,设计了基于干扰观测器的边界层自适应滑模控制器,以消除传统滑模控制中的"抖振"现象,使跟踪误差趋近于零.同时,利用李雅普洛夫方法严格证明了闭环系统的稳定性.最后将所研究的自适应滑模控制方法,应用于某近空间飞行器的姿态控制中,仿真结果表明在不确定性和外部干扰作用下能保证姿态控制的稳定性,对参数不确定具有较好的鲁棒性.     

机器人变结构自适应控制的研究

本文提出了一种新的机器人变结构自适应轨迹跟踪控制，根据滑模存在条件，独立地推导出了一种实时预测滑模参数Ｃ的递推算法，克服了机器人变结构控制中滑模参数选择的盲目性。同时，为了更有效地削弱抖振现象，本文提出了一种新的变边界层厚度的饱和函数方法。本文的控制方案既保证了系统的强鲁棒性，又能实现高精度的快速跟踪控制。以三自由度烟叶搬运机器人为对象的仿真实验结果，表明了本文所采取的控制方法的有效性和可行性。     

Practical adaptive fractional‐order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for a cable‐driven manipulator

For the high precise tracking control purpose of a cable‐driven manipulator under lumped uncertainties, a novel adaptive fractional‐order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control scheme based on time delay estimation (TDE) is proposed and investigated in this paper. The proposed control scheme mainly has three elements, ie, a TDE element applied to properly compensate the lumped unknown dynamics of the system resulting in a fascinating model‐free feature; a fractional‐order nonsingular terminal sliding mode (FONTSM) surface element used to ensure high precision in the steady phase; and a combined reaching law with adaptive technique adopted to obtain fast convergence and high precision and chatter reduction under complex lumped disturbance. Stability of the closed‐loop control system is analyzed with the Lyapunov stability theory. Comparative simulations and experiments were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed control scheme using 2‐DOF (degree of freedom) of a cable‐driven manipulator named Polaris‐I. Corresponding results show that our proposed method can ensure faster convergence, higher precision, and better robustness against complex lumped disturbance than the existing TDE‐based FONTSM and continuous FONTSM control schemes.     

Adaptive multivariable finite‐time continuous fault‐tolerant control of rigid spacecraft

The problem of fault‐tolerant attitude tracking control for rigid spacecraft in the presence of inertia uncertainties, actuator faults, and external disturbances is investigated in this paper. A novel adaptive finite‐time continuous fault‐tolerant control strategy is developed by combining the fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface and the adaptive multivariable super‐twisting algorithm, which improves the robustness while preserving high accuracy and finite‐time convergence. The main features of the control strategy are the double‐layer adaptive algorithm based on equivalent control, which ensures nonoverestimation of the control gain and the continuous controller, which maintains better property of chattering reduction. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed controller is illustrated by numerical simulations.     

Event-triggered adaptive control based on integral sliding mode surface for a class of linear systems with matched disturbance

In this paper, we propose an event-triggered adaptive integral sliding mode control scheme for a class of linear systems with external disturbance. In this method, the controller is designed using a triggered-state-dependent integral sliding mode, which can ensure the robustness and avoid the shortcomings of traditional sliding mode arrival stage. The triggering mechanism utilizes a time-varying trigger threshold instead of a traditional fixed threshold, which not only realizes the dynamic update of the control law, reduces the overhead of network communication but also ensures that the system trajectory enters the bounded area. The lower bound of inter event time guarantees the avoidance of the Zeno phenomenon. Next, in order to reduce the impact of high-frequency chattering of the control signal effectively and allow the gain of the discontinuous control term to be adjusted automatically according to the rate of change of the disturbance, a dual-layer nested adaptive gain scheme based on equivalent control is considered. This scheme does not require a priori boundedness of the disturbance and its rate of change. Through Lyapunov stability analysis, the event-triggered adaptive sliding mode controller can make the system trajectory converge in finite time and ensure the robustness of the control. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness and simplicity of this method.     

Spacecraft Anti‐Unwinding Attitude Control Using Second‐Order Sliding Mode

This paper presents an anti‐unwinding control method for the attitude stabilization of a rigid spacecraft. Quaternion has double stable equilibrium and this may cause unwinding problems in spacecraft attitude control if both the equilibria are not considered in control design. Here, the initial condition of scalar quaternion is included in sliding surface and an anti‐unwinding control method is formulated in second‐order sliding mode. The presented second‐order sliding mode controller can alleviate chattering and ensure a smooth control for actuator. Further, to eliminate the need of advance information about bounds of uncertainty and external disturbance, adaptive laws are applied to estimate the controller gains. The closed‐loop stability is proved using the Lyapunov stability theory. In conclusion, a simulation is conducted in the presence of inertia uncertainty and external disturbances and it is found that the presented control method is efficient to negate the effect of inertia uncertainty and external disturbances, alleviate chattering, eliminate unwinding, and ensure high accuracy and steady state precision.     

轮式移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制研究

针对轮式移动机器人参数摄动和内外部扰动等问题,提出一种新型的基于自适应扩张状态观测器的滑模控制算法。采用自适应虚拟速度控制器估计系统未知参数,滑模控制器抑制参数摄动和内外部扰动,非线性扩张状态观测器观测系统扰动并减小控制输入的抖振,实现了轨迹跟踪误差的快速收敛。利用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了控制算法的稳定收敛性。将所提算法与传统自适应反演滑模算法进行对比,对比结果表明了所提算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Re-entry Attitude of Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle Based on Backstepping Design

Combining sliding mode control method with radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), this paper proposes a robust adaptive control scheme based on backstepping design for re-entry attitude tracking control of near space hypersonic vehicle (NSHV) in the presence of parameter variations and external disturbances. In the attitude angle loop, a robust adaptive virtual control law is designed by using the adaptive method to estimate the unknown upper bound of the compound uncertainties. In the angular velocity loop, an adaptive sliding mode control law is designed to suppress the effect of parameter variations and external disturbances. The main benefit of the sliding mode control is robustness to parameter variations and external disturbances. To further improve the control performance, RBFNNs are introduced to approximate the compound uncertainties in the attitude angle loop and angular velocity loop, respectively. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the tracking errors are shown to be asymptotically stable. Simulation results show that the proposed control system attains a satisfied control performance and is robust against parameter variations and external disturbances.      

Robust adaptive fuzzy sliding mode trajectory tracking control for serial robotic manipulators

The ever increasingly stringent performance requirements of industrial robotic applications highlight significant importance of advanced robust control designs for serial robots that are generally subject to various uncertainties and external disturbances. Therefore, this paper proposes and investigates the design and implementation of a robust adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller in the task space for uncertain serial robotic manipulators. The sliding mode control is well known for its robustness to system parameter variations and external disturbances, and is thus a highly desirable and cost-effective approach to achieve high precision control task for serial robots. The proposed controller is designed based on a fuzzy logic approximation to accomplish trajectory tracking with high accuracy and simultaneously attenuate effects from uncertainties. In the controller, the high-frequency uncertain term is approximated by using a fuzzy logic system while the low-frequency term is adaptively updated in real time based on a parametric adaption law. The control efficacy and effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm are comparatively verified against a recently proposed conventional controller. The test results demonstrate that the proposed controller has better trajectory tracking performances and is more robust against large disturbances than the conventional controller under the same operating conditions.     

Adaptive sliding mode trajectory tracking control for wheeled mobile robots

This paper discusses the problem of adaptive sliding mode trajectory tracking control for wheeled mobile robots in the presence of external disturbances and inertia uncertainties. A new fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface without any constraint is proposed, which not only avoids singularity, but also retains the advantages of sliding mode control. In order to implement the trajectory tracking mission, the error dynamic system is divided into a second-order subsystem and a third-order one. First, an adaptive fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode control law of the angular velocity is constructed for stabilising the second-order subsystem in finite time. Then, another adaptive fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode control law of the linear velocity is designed to guarantee the stability of the third-order subsystem. Finally, a simulation example is provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed control scheme.